Interesting facts and useful tips. A few words about pensions: incredible mathematics that will change your idea of ​​savings (2 photos) If a person worked abroad for a long time, he may not receive a pension

When we are young, it seems to us that the words pension and old age will never touch us, that this is something distant, somewhere out there, very far away. This will be when “we will no longer be us”! But man is created in such a way that he always wants to live. And for life we ​​need good conditions, especially for pensioners, because you still want to live “your sunset” with dignity and put a beautiful end to it!

For many, retirement is a long-awaited exit to a well-deserved rest. By this time, the children have grown up, the loans have been repaid, the thoughts in the head have finally fallen into place. Pensioners in each country are different, taking into account the pension system, mentality and standard of living.
Let's look at how pensioners live in different countries peace.

USA

USA. For older people in the US, the pension amount is about $1,164. Women retire at 65, men at 67. It is very difficult to talk about the specific amount of pension in the “states”, since it depends on the person’s services to the state. The pension is calculated taking into account how many days a person worked for the country. This system was introduced specifically because there are many emigrants in America. Therefore, depending on fate, older people live very differently, some live comfortably, while others even have to earn extra money. But since the elderly part of US citizens is full of optimism and love of life, they perceive the opportunity to work as a chance to stay afloat and go out into society. Moreover, it is not customary for grandparents in America to sit with their grandchildren around the clock, and they have a lot of free time for themselves. Pensioners here have an active lifestyle; they attend many events, to which they come in their own cars.

For positive “old people” there are many special interest communities here. For example, “Educational Society for Those Over 55+”, “Old Times Athletes Association”, “Union of Game Players fresh air" Elderly people can often be seen among volunteers. With retirement, life is just beginning; older people attend courses and creative houses created especially for them. Take part in talent competitions!
An important part of the life of pensioners is the Church, which for them plays the role of a “meeting place” where they gather to talk.

Older people can look up the schedule of all events in special newspapers; in addition, they can find a lot of relevant information for a given contingent. In the US, there are a number of special discounts for seniors. And for pensioners who cannot provide for themselves, there are non-governmental organizations that help those in need overcome difficulties in everyday life. The “American dream” of older people in the United States is to live in Florida in their later years, and many retirees are realizing their dream.

Pensioners in Germany

The average pension is 810 €. They retire at 65 years old. The pension is calculated not only taking into account length of service, but also taking into account age, number of years of education and military service, and the presence of children. In Germany, the majority of the population is people over 65 years of age. So this country is “rich” in its pensioners, who are just as active and optimistic as the American ones, and, in addition, are also economical and thrifty.

German pensioners are interested in other countries, love to travel, and most of them go to the sea a couple of times a year. Being thrifty, they do not disdain cheap tours to Egypt and Turkey.
In Germany, it is not customary to take care of your elderly parents, so there are many special homes for them. But it is worth noting that in German nursing homes excellent conditions, and there people do not live out their lives, but truly live. But while the Germans themselves are able to lead an active lifestyle, they engage in a lot of interesting activities: dancing, music, handicrafts.

Finland

Finnish pensioners receive average pension about 1344€. They retire at 65.
Finnish pensioners do not lag behind in their activity the pensioners of the countries described above. They also engage in hobbies after retirement, and actively take advantage of large benefits for various activities and public transport. Pensioners can be found here in cafes, cinemas, and the gym! Finnish old people, like German ones, love to travel. All pensioners here receive labor pension, if for some reason it is very low, then the pensioner is paid an additional national pension. Here you can read more about social guarantees for pensioners in Finland http://life-in-finland.ru/7-2/kela/pensioneram.html.

Spain

Spain, a favorite holiday destination for retirees from all over Europe. Based on the fact that of all European countries it has the longest life expectancy, we can conclude that Spanish pensioners live well.

The average pension in Spain is 850-900 €. This is less than in other European countries, but for a life like that of the heroes of Remarque’s novels, this is quite enough. Spanish pensioners like to dress fashionably in the morning to have breakfast at their favorite cafe, then take a long walk in the park with their favorite dog and be sure to discuss all the events and news among themselves.
Pensioners in Spain are treated free of charge, they buy basic medications at a 90% discount, and non-essential medications at a 60% discount. In Spain there are also benefits for pensioners on public transport. Spain is a favorite destination for retirees from Scandinavia and Germany, who come here with their higher pensions and feel rich.

Israel

The average pension in Israel is $1,354. Men retire at 67, women at 65.
In addition to the state pension fund, which exists only nominally, the country has a compulsory social insurance fund, and all pensioners receive old-age benefits. The state helps pensioners only if the pension amount is below the subsistence level.

Israeli pensioners have a number of benefits. When a person retires, he receives a cash benefit equal to the average salary multiplied by the number of years worked. Many retirees in Israel are eager to work, despite employers preferring younger workers and expressing dissatisfaction with raising the retirement age.

Japan

Japan is a country of long-livers; the healthiest pensioners live here, some of them are over 100 years old. The retirement age in Japan is 65 years. In addition to hobby groups and various events, the Japanese pay great attention physical activity. They and their friends visit various sport sections, swimming pools, gyms. Special hiking trips are organized.
However, unfortunately, not all Japanese retirees have the opportunity to enjoy life.

The Japanese pension system is so imperfect that literally a fifth of pensioners live below the poverty line. Some of them do not even have a roof over their heads and live only with the help of special organizations. A third of suicides in Japan (Japan is the leader in the number of suicides) occur in the elderly. To support themselves, many elderly Japanese go to work, usually in the agricultural sector or in the service sector.

How retirees live is extremely important. After all, a person at the end of his life wants to live, and not exist. The higher the level of culture of society, the happier the retirees. Good attitude towards older people, this is an attitude towards those who need selfless help, which not every society is capable of.

The first mention of a pension was found during the reign of Louis the 11th (second half of the 15th century) in the records of the Paris Court of Auditors. Then this concept meant the amounts of funds that were sent annually to the first chamberlain of King Edward 4th of England - William Hastings. It should be noted that these days such “transfers” would be considered bribes.

Officially approved solidarity for all workers state pension Otto von Bismarck - German Chancellor. This happened in 1889, and 20 years later Australia and Britain decided to take such a step, and the United States approved the state pension system only in the 30s of the 20th century.

In Russia, pensions, like many other things, were introduced by Peter the Great. The rulers of that time “thanked” for merit with fur coats and estates, and not with money. And in Peter’s decree “On pensions for former military personnel” it was noted: “Establish a lifelong allowance so that the honor of the uniform is not denigrated.” Thus, pensions were a privilege for officers. At the same time, serf recruits, after their service, which then lasted 25 years, were simply sent to their native villages.

As for the Bolsheviks, they were in no hurry to pay pensions after the revolution. At the end of the summer of 1918, pensions were established for the disabled of the Red Army, in 1923 - for elderly Bolsheviks, in 1928 - for workers in the textile and mining industries, and in 1937 - for all city employees and workers.

Which country currently has the most comfortable conditions for retirees? Sweden boasts the most advanced pension system in the world. Citizens of this state pay up to 18.5% of their income to the pension fund (this is 10% less than in the Russian Federation). However, at the same time minimum pension among the Swedes it reaches 8.8 thousand crowns (about $800). In addition, pensioners in Sweden are provided with funds to pay for housing. It should be noted that such amounts are not the highest in the world, but all the “bonuses” that this country provides to its pensioners make it the most attractive for older people.

At what age do they retire? To retire in Japan, you need to work until the age of 70 - this is the maximum retirement age in the world. This fact may be shocking, but do not forget that this country is one of the leaders in life expectancy.

In Russia, men retire at the age of 60, and women at 55. In the United States and Europe, the average retirement age is 65, but a number of countries have recently decided to increase the retirement age to 67 .

Many people are interested in the question: residents of which countries receive the largest pension? According to statistical data, Denmark is the leader in this issue. Here the pensioner is paid $2.8 thousand monthly. Finland is in second position with $1.9 thousand. They are followed by Norway, Israel, Spain and Germany. The States are in seventh place, with pensions ranging from $1.1 thousand. Russia took only 18th place in this list with $285.

If we talk not about the state, but about individual pension, then the amounts here can be many times higher. Thus, Percy Barnevik, a resident of Sweden, can boast of a record in this type of savings. While working as the head of the board of an investment fund, he managed to put $100 million into his retirement savings account. Of course, such an amount was not obtained in a completely legal way, but by the time Barnevik’s deception was revealed, all the funds were already stored abroad.

Who said age is a hindrance to achieving your dreams? In the end, it's just the number of years you've lived, which shouldn't stop you from doing what you love. Life is too short to sit idle. These older people, both men and women, proved that at their age you can get a diploma, conquer Everest, swim across the ocean, and do many other amazing things.

(Total 25 photos)

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1. Kenyan Kimani Maruge became the oldest schoolchild in the world - the man entered 1st grade at the age of 84. Unfortunately, he did not live two years to receive his primary education certificate.

2. Doris Self is the world's oldest gamer. At 81, she can outshine any young computer game enthusiast.

3. Mor Keith is the oldest bungee jumper. 96-year-old More made the jump from the Western Cape, after which he entered the Guinness Book of Records.

4. Dorothy Davenhill Hirsch conquered the North Pole at the age of 89.

5. Simon Murray reached the South Pole on his own without any help at the age of 64.

6. Minoru Saito is the oldest traveler around the world, circumnavigating the globe for the eighth time at the age of 77.

7. Smokey Dawson, Australian country musician, published his new album"Home of My Dreams" at the age of 92.

8. Leila Denmark - the oldest practicing physician - retired at the age of 103.

9. Carmela Bousada - the most elderly woman, who gave birth to twins. The woman realized her dream at the age of 67, but unfortunately died two years later.

10. Gladys Burill entered the Guinness Book of Records as oldest woman, who ran a marathon. At that time she was 92 years old.

11. Vince McMahon is the oldest wrestling champion. Won the WWE Championship at age 54.

12. Tamai Watanabe is the oldest woman to conquer Everest. She reached its summit at the age of 73.

13. Yukira Miura is the oldest man to conquer Everest. At that time he was 80 years old.

14. Karch Kiraly is the oldest beach volleyball player. At the age of 44 he won the world cup.

15. Dikembe Mutombo - was the oldest NBA leader in rebounds. The athlete ended his basketball career after a knee injury in 2009, when he was already 42 years old.

16. Gordie Howe, the oldest NHL player who lasted 5 decades in the league, retired at the age of 52.

17. Bart Bratko is the world's oldest flight instructor. He continues to direct flights despite the fact that he is already 81 years old.

18. Dr. Heinz Wenderoth is the oldest person to receive a doctorate. At the time of its assignment, the professor was 97 years old.

Pension: rely on the state or only on yourself?

Recently I was surfing YouTube and came across an interesting video where a certain male subject articulated the following theory: “If a person is counting on retirement, then he is an idiot. And such a person must live poorly. Actually, because he is an idiot.”

I thought about these words, weighed the pros and cons, read history and realized that he was right. Damn right. Of course, if you are a lazy ass, then a pension is a real salvation for you. Be a slave all your life, live from paycheck to paycheck, and at the end of your life you will receive a bonus in the form of a penny pension. Why can pensioners in Europe afford high level life, but not ours? Because there they take care of their capital from their youth, make a fortune and live on the income from existing assets. But it’s easier for you, my lazy friend, to think that in Europe it’s just very big pensions. After all, you are too lazy to educate yourself, you expect that everything will be given to you just like that.

Modern man has become too passive in terms of gaining knowledge and taking care of himself. We are so used to going to work, waiting for a bonus, a salary increase, and then a pension. We follow news in these areas. But no matter how much money they give us, they all fly away to all sorts of nonsense, and the time comes to wait for new gifts. And if they don’t, then it upsets us, and we blame the president for everything. Come on, recognize yourself in these lines, they apply to 95% of people.

Some interesting facts. The pension appeared in 1889. It existed before, but not for everyone, and somehow everything there was incomprehensible. IN modern form The pension was invented precisely in 1889. The well-known German Chancellor Otto Von Bismarck decided that people needed this. Previously, children took care of the elderly. But then people were smarter and, without expecting any gifts from fate, they created their fortunes on their own while they were young, and, in fact, no longer needed anyone’s help. Fools, of course, existed in those days - the church sometimes helped them.

Until the demons invented pensions in Russia, people knew how to distinguish liabilities from assets and knew exactly what they needed in order not to starve and not need anything. That is why everyone had their own household, many children, as well as knowledge and skills that people accumulated throughout their lives. The modern, rapidly degrading generation has work. And it's all. Many don't have it either.

So what is a pension: good or evil? I completely agree with the author of that video: retirement is a path that has led people astray from the right path. People wait for it all their lives, work hard to earn the right to it, fight for every year of work experience, just so that the pension is a hundred rubles more. Meanwhile, almost every citizen pays money monthly from his salary. Money that cunning officials/bankers then put into circulation and earn billions, while people simply wait for their money to be returned after many years. Like this: disguised robbery has become the goal of life for uneducated people. And almost 90% of the population are such, regardless of position and salary level.

Let's count

With a salary of 10,000 rubles for 30 years of work experience, a person will give 792,000 rubles to the state. 22% of the employee’s salary goes to the pension fund, the main part of this amount is paid by the employer. He could give this money to you, but the employer transfers it to the pension fund. By the way, you can dispose of six percent of this 22% at your own discretion, thereby influencing the size of your pension, but more on that another time. When you finally reach your long-awaited retirement, you will receive somewhere around 11 thousand rubles. These are the current calculations for 2017. In Moscow, the pension is higher, but the salary there is not 10,000. I think this is all clear.

So, to get your money back, you'll need to live for 72 months. Or 6 years. The average life expectancy in Russia, as of 2015, is 70 years (men – 66.5 years, women – 77 years). Considering that all these years the money withheld from you worked and generated income, and the chance that you will live more than 6 years after retirement is quite small (especially if you are a man), then it turns out that you are quite We were seriously deceived.

Let's use a calculator and calculate exactly how much you lost:

So, let’s say that you earned 10,000 rubles a month for 30 years and honestly saved 22% of this amount on your own. Thus, it turns out to be 2,200 rubles per month or 26,400 rubles per year. Let’s imagine, for ease of calculation, that once at the end of the year you deposited the specified amount into the bank at 10% per annum, which was also accrued at the end next year(over the past 20 years, the amount of accrued interest on deposits in banks has changed many times, but on average it was approximately 10%, if you do not take into account the always reduced conditions for deposits in Sberbank).

So in the first year independent formation your own pension will amount to 26,400 rubles. At the end of next year, you will have 26,400 rubles from last year, plus accrued interest of 2,640 rubles on this amount, plus the amount of 26,400 rubles for this past year. All this money is again “capitalized” and at the end of next year you already receive 5,280 rubles in interest... As a result, after 30 years you will have accumulated a capital of 3,734,370 rubles, which will allow you, without even touching the principal amount, to live only on interest (the notorious “rent” that attracts everyone).

What interest rate will this be? Now you'll just go nuts - honestly. I personally didn’t even immediately believe my eyes and double-checked all the calculations 3 times.

So, if we assume that you will pay yourself 30,000 rubles a month (independent pension), then your fixed capital... will only increase!!! Can you imagine?! And after 30 years (well, let’s say, since I calculated it) you will have more than 1.5 times more money in your account!!! To be honest, I was blown away.

Our pension system has been reformed and changed so many times that many have long forgotten about some of its nuances. Although some things are absolutely in vain.

1. The rich pay less for retirement

Few people really remember this when it comes to pensions. For an ordinary employee, his employer deducts 22% Pension Fund. But only until his total salary from the beginning of the year exceeds 1,021,000 rubles (the threshold value increases every year). If the salary becomes higher, then deductions are reduced to 10%. Thus, our pension system is regressive, and those who receive salaries above 85 thousand rubles per month end up paying less.

2. In fact, there is no money in the pension account of Russians

We make monthly contributions to the Pension Fund. On its website you can easily go to the corresponding section and see how much money has already been paid, how many points have been accumulated, and what the pension will be. We create a kind of illusion of a deposit. Allegedly, all the money is in one place and will be gradually paid to us in due time. But the money is only counted in the citizen’s individual account. In fact, they are fully spent on current payments. These are, rather, conditional obligations of the state rather than real funds.

Previously, the account could have contained the funded part of the pension - 6% of contributions, but it was frozen and still will not be unfrozen, so it also goes to payments to living pensioners. By the way, according to the law accumulative part pensions could even be inherited. But this was in theory, but it never came to practice.

3.You can buy pension points, but it's expensive

Every year the requirements for points and length of service required to apply for a pension increase. If in 2017 insurance pension was assigned to those who had at least 8 years and 11.4 pension points, then in 2018 this threshold has already increased to 9 years and 13.8 points and will continue to grow until it reaches 15 years and 30 points. Thus, soon many will need to either buy additional pension points or continue working for another 5 years before receiving a social pension.

Clause 5 of Article 29 of Law 167-FZ establishes the minimum and maximum amount of insurance premiums paid by individuals who voluntarily entered into legal relations under compulsory insurance. The minimum amount of insurance premiums is determined as the product of two times the minimum wage established at the beginning of the year for which insurance premiums are paid and the rate of insurance contributions to the Pension Fund, increased by 12 times. In 2018, the minimum amount will be 59.2 thousand rubles. By spending this amount, you can buy yourself 2 pension points. This is beneficial to use only in one case. If the right to a pension is just a little short.

But buying additional points to increase an already paid pension is not the best solution. Two points is an increase in 2018 monthly pension only 162.98 rubles. Thus, having spent 59.2 thousand rubles for points, in 12 months we will receive only 1,955 rubles in the form of a pension supplement. Such “investments” will pay off only after 30 years.

4. To earn pension points, the most profitable way is to give birth

In some cases, you can earn pension points without working. For example, 1.8 points per year are awarded to the military and the same amount for caring for the disabled. But the most profitable option is to give birth a lot. Caring for your first child earns 1.8 points per year. When caring for a second child – 3.6 points per year. When caring for the 3rd and 4th child - 5.4 points per year.

Under the current system, in order to earn one pension point, you need to receive a monthly salary of one minimum wage for one year. So you can imagine how much more this is compared to ordinary contributions from citizens.

5.If a person worked abroad for a long time, he may not receive a pension

In order for pension points to be formed and a pension to be subsequently paid, payments to the Pension Fund of Russia are necessary. And exclusively there. Even if a person has honestly worked for more than one year abroad, he will not receive any pension points in Russia, because did not make contributions to our Pension Fund at that moment. An exception is possible only if the person voluntarily purchased additional pension points, that is, made contributions on his own. But few people use this.

Naturally, if a person worked for a long time in Russia, sufficient to obtain all the points and experience, and only then went abroad, then Russian pension he will have. Although not so long ago there was a bill that proposed abolishing them too. There is a small plus only for those who worked in the former Soviet republics. The periods of work of such in states before the collapse of the USSR (before 01/01/1991) are counted in the total seniority according to the same rules as work in the Russian Federation.

But the decision on the inclusion of periods after 01/01/1991 in the total length of service depends on whether an Agreement on guarantees of the rights of citizens of member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the field of pension provision dated 03/13/1992 or bilateral Agreements in the field of pension provision.

Byrkova Ekaterina