Dressing up and walking. How to teach your child to dress unaided Getting ready for bed

Often, parents, dressing their child for a walk or changing clothes on the street (for example, if it gets cold or hot), are faced with his crying, snot, screaming, in other words, the baby begins to be capricious. Consequently, problems with dressing, as well as dressing a child, become known not only to his parents, but also to those around him.

With my 2-year-old Alinochka, it happened from time to time that she desperately did not want to dress for a walk, scattered things prepared in advance and collected in one place around the apartment, and when I caught her, sat down to dress, she struggled in every possible way, cried, screamed, ran away, etc. Sometimes our fees became a real hassle. It was especially not funny when I had to urgently get dressed and go somewhere, but I had to catch her, sit down and dress her under her tantrums ...

Yes, I also faced such a problem, so I am well aware of your parental feelings, when a child plays, does not obey, and at this time, with a serious face, you are trying to somehow influence him.

I think from the above, you understood the essence of the problem, the solution of which will be discussed further at the House of Knowledge. I will tell you how to cope with all this calmly and how to teach a child not to be capricious while dressing, changing clothes and on a walk.

How to dress a child without whims?

Just play a game with him, for example, in catch-up or hide-and-seek, but always with a condition: if you catch or find him, then the child must put on some or even all of the clothes. If in parts, then first, for example, tights, the next time you lose a blouse, and so on.

Thus, it is not noticeable from the child, you subjugate him to yourself. It is you who will control the situation, and the baby will feel it. During the game, it will be easier for him to obey you than during persuasion and forceful dressing.

1. Whims of children who are not yet 1 year old, often occur due to the emergence of unwillingness to dress and a protest mood towards this process.

Children are capricious, as they are afraid of even a short-term disappearance of their mother, which happens when putting on a blouse over their head. Starting from 6 months, this fear becomes quite strong. Also, children are capricious when irritants act on them and their delicate skin, such as clothing that restrains movement, its synthetic fabric, unpleasant colors, rough seams, etc.

2. Whims while dressing and walking 2-3 year olds and older children arise for the following reasons:

- The child has not yet learned how to dress independently and therefore gets annoyed and worried about a nasty blouse that does not crawl through the head, naughty tights, etc. And if the mother is also in a hurry and constantly urges him on "Move faster!" He is worried, afraid of making a mistake and putting on or buttoning something wrong, and therefore prefers that his mother wear him herself.

- The child does not know where to start and what to wear for what. Wear tights? Or maybe a T-shirt? Or is it better to take off your home clothes, etc. first. He is literally "lost" in the sequence, therefore he is worried and capricious.

In my practice, there was a case when my mother brought her daughter to the kindergarten and told the teacher that she still didn’t know how to dress on her own, so she needed help. In the evening she came to pick up her daughter and was pleasantly surprised that she was already dressed and ready to go home. Then the mother thanked the teacher for dressing the girl in such a way, to which the teacher replied that she did not wear her. In fact, she just hung a diagram of what to wear on the girl's locker, and she dressed herself.

Some babies sometimes prefer that their mothers do everything for them. And, of course, they throw a tantrum, if suddenly mom decided that everything, it's time to learn how to dress yourself. It also happens if mom is not around, and dad has no desire to indulge the child by dressing him. The father usually simply says that after 10 minutes the child needs to be dressed, after which the child again begins to worry, gets lost in clothes and often starts to be capricious.

- The child's desire to walk may disappear if the process of dressing is very unpleasant for him. In order not to get dressed, he is ready to stay at home.

- The child can simply test the patience of the parents, so to speak, the boundaries of what is permissible. While dressing, this is accompanied by the usual pampering, minor mischief, running away, etc.

Read also: Child's temperament and moods.

- The child is trying to defend his opinion, his rights and independence. Dressing tantrums often occur during the so-called "three-year crisis". At the same time, the children themselves do not know what they want. For example, they may insist not to wear a jacket, even if it's already cold outside, or go out in dirty clothes just because they like it better. This is the usual stubbornness. At this time, you, as parents, cannot break the child's desire for independence. Learn to gradually give your baby the choice. For example, if he doesn't want to wear a jacket, then warn him that he might freeze. And when he comes out, he feels cold, he will understand that you were right, he will return and ask for a jacket himself.

For example, if the grandmother stays with her grandson, and the mother works late. With a grandmother, the baby will behave normally and dress without prodding - a golden child! But as soon as the mother has a day off and she spends the whole day with the child, then he can behave like a "nehochuha", being capricious and throwing tantrums. And this happens in everything: in dressing, and in feeding, and in bathing, and in putting to bed and in other little things. In this way, the child tries to compensate for the lack of attention.

The reasons I have listed why children throw tantrums are easy enough to understand. All that is needed is to take a closer look at the child.

Read also: How can you gain the trust of your child?

Once the cause of the child's tantrum is identified, it is easier to deal with it. That is why, above, I dwelt in detail on what makes the baby capricious.

Now let's take a closer look at your actions if the child is already showing his character. Do according to the situation:

Start playing with your child and turn the game into fun dressing up or dressing up.
In order for the child to remember what to wear for what, in the form of a game, practice with him how to dress a doll, a bunny, a bear. Let him gradually memorize the correctness and sequence of dressing.
Play the Confusion game. Tell the child: "Here the bear is confused and dressed incorrectly. Help him, you know everything and can do it." A child with passion will help to change the toy and at the same time he will learn the dressing process himself.
Buy new clothes with your child. Let him help him choose what he likes to touch and color. At home, before getting dressed, ask your toddler to choose the clothes he wants and will wear. Take out several options (2-3) from the drawer and lay them out in front of it for selection. So the number of clothes will be less, and what is very important - the child will choose her independently.
Once the child has mastered dressing / undressing skills, invite the child to play the first dressing game and encourage them to win. Play along with him discreetly.
Educate your child and let him dress on his own, even if he does it slowly and you are late for kindergarten. Not scary. Better yet, schedule time for this process.
Always praise your baby for success!

Elvira Grigorieva
"We are going for a walk." Recommendations for educators

It's time for a walk! Hurry to get dressed!

But Bobrenok began to dig for so long!

Everyone is already dressed, went for a walk,

And then they managed to return again,

And he is still sitting in the locker room:- And I?

Have you walked without me, friends?

So as not to lag behind cheerful friends,

Learn to dress, My friend, hurry up!

The presence of children in the fresh air is of great importance for the physical development of a preschooler. Walk is the first and most affordable means of hardening the child's body. It helps to increase its endurance and resistance to adverse environmental influences, especially to colds.

On the children play for a walk, move a lot. Movements increase metabolism, blood circulation, improve appetite. Children learn to overcome various obstacles, become more mobile, dexterous, courageous, enduring. They develop motor skills and abilities, strengthen the muscular system, increase vitality.

Walk promotes mental education... During their stay on the site or on the street, children receive a lot of new impressions and knowledge about surrounding: about the work of adults, about transport, about traffic rules, etc. From observations they learn about the features of seasonal changes in nature, notice the connections between various phenomena, establish an elementary relationship. Observations arouse their interest, a series of questions to which they seek to find an answer. All this develops observation, expands ideas about the environment, awakens the thought and imagination of children.

Equally important is dressing children on a walk.

Dressing the children should be organized so as not to waste a lot of time and so that they do not have to wait long for each other. For this, it is necessary to think over and create the appropriate conditions.

Before dressing educator reminds children of the rules of conduct in the dressing room. In this regime moment educator forms children's dressing skills and culture of dressing behavior, solves a wide range of educational tasks: the name of the clothes and its purpose, the name of the details of the clothes and the activation of the dictionary on the topic "Clothes". Educator draws the attention of children to the sequence of dressing, and before going out on a walk the appearance of children. If in the process of dressing someone shows obvious mistakes, educator eliminates them together with other children of the group, while causing the children to want to help each other and suppress ridicule from peers. Before each walk educator reminds children of a memo “Dress properly for a walk» .

Dress properly for a walk

1. Dress up for you need a walk with the permission of the teacher.

2. When dressing, you need to be careful.

3. Dress yourself in the following sequence

Tights;

Trousers or leggings "

Sweater or jacket;

Coat or jacket;

Mittens.

4. You need to dress calmly, do not throw your clothes around, take them out of the locker as needed.

5. While dressing, do not push each other, do not pull on the cabinet door.

6. Do not climb, do not close in a locker.

7. There should be no foreign objects in the pockets of your clothes.

8. In case of even a minor injury, abrasion, bruise, immediately contact educator.

9. Go to you only need a walk with a teacher.

10. Be careful when opening or closing the door! Don't stick your fingers, don't slam the door, don't hold the door.

A selection of nursery rhymes and poems for dressing on a walk:

If you want take a walk,

Gotta get dressed quickly.

Open the cabinet door,

Dress in order.

First we will put on tights,

We will settle each leg in our own house,

So you and I got to the shirt,

Here, each handle has its own house too.

Now boldly dress your pants,

Feel free to tuck your shirt in them.

On the legs - socks.

Look, it's getting colder outside

It's time for the kids to put on the blouse.

So that your ears do not hurt

They quickly put on the hat.

And then the jackets

For long-term walks.

We have one last thing left

Tie a scarf under the neck.

Hide the handles in mittens,

And then into boots -

Our legs.

That's all, let's go for a walk,

Jump, run and jump.

One, two, three, four, five

We are going for a walk.

Tied Katenka

Striped scarf.

Put it on your legs

Boots-boots

And let's go for a walk,

Jump, run and jump.

Masha put on a mitten:

Oh, where am I going?

I don't have a finger, I disappeared

I didn't get to my house.

Masha took off her mitten:

Look, I found it!

You look, you look, and you will find it.

Hello finger!

How is it going?

Dress poems

Fasten the clasps

On your clothes:

Buttons and buttons,

Various rivets.

To my baby

We will put on panties:

Repeat words after me:

Leg - one, leg - two!

And now on legs -

Socks and boots!

And the hat? Where did my hat go?

Has the cap really escaped today?

The hare that froze yesterday in earnest

I took your hat and sewed myself a fur coat.

Buttons are harmful

On Vera's coat!

The poor suffer

Little girls have fingers!

I do not lace up shoes,

And I train the laces,

So that they don't get out of their hands,

I was not bullied

Playful girl

We will put on panties -

The girl does not want

Put on a skirt.

We'll put on a cap again

Tie the laces tight

And let the girl out

We take a walk into the yard.

We must wear a T-shirt with panties

Tights, shirt, leggings-pants,

Socks on legs and a jacket on top.

Who got dressed first? Well, who is the fastest?

Now we are boots, we will take boots

We'll put on hats and dive into jackets!

It remains for us only to fasten the locks.

And we can all hit the road together!

We take off our slippers, we put on our hats

Scarves, pants, boots, coats,

Putting on the jackets - ready for walks

We put on a shirt

And let's go meet Natasha!

How many buttons do we have?

Let's count this hour.

There is a shirt pocket.

Look, quickly, Natasha!

There is a colored handkerchief in it,

And a flower glitters on it.

Look, Natasha!

Nice shirt!

Let's wash our hands!

Then we put on trousers

Let's push both legs

And let's run to Seryozha!

There lived a boy named Borya.

He did not like to dress,

He argued with his mother all the time,

Started to resist:

I won't wear this jersey

Both tights and pants!

Let the bunny wear the shirt!

I don’t need socks!

I don’t like a sweater - it’s prickly!

I will not wear a hat!

That's how bad he was.

Not a boy - a miracle Yudo!

Mom got tired of arguing

Convince the bully.

And mother said to Bora:

I'm not going for a walk with you!

Who is dressed - let him walk

And playing pranks in the sandbox,

Boriska will get bored

Will sit without pantyhose!

All my friends are there! -

Suddenly the boy came to his senses, -

All came out, but what about me?

Where are the socks, where are the pants!

Take a look: what a miracle?

Boris began to dress

And he told us: - I will not

More argue with mom!

He helped mom get dressed, And went for a walk with friends.

The jacket will always keep us warm.

In it we go out for a walk.

Let the wind blow everywhere -

Let's have fun playing!

I'll take you in my arms.

Well, now let's put on a hat!

Let's hide our ears in it,

You can't see the top of your head.

Here are your shoes.

Let's run along the path.

One - laces, two - laces!

Put on your shoes, my son!

Mittens

We hide our hands in mittens -

Multi-colored sisters.

We can last longer again

Take a walk in the cold!

Pants - boys need

The boys are friendly with them,

Both in winter and in autumn

Wear them daily.

For Antoshka and Arkashka

Made new shirts

Both are happy from the heart -

So the shirts are good.

Mom, grandma, look:

Dad gave me a sweater

To wear it always

And do not freeze in the cold.

Look at the boots:

Real pictures,

And laces, at least where,

And they are always polished.

Moms, dads and kids

Wear gloves in the fall, (replace the words "In the fall" on the "And in winter")

So that your fingers do not get cold

The pens were lukewarm.

The jacket is warm clothing.

In jackets Tanya and Olezhek

In October and November, (can be replaced with "In December and January"

When it's damp outside. "You won't freeze in the yard")

Hat with scarf now

They suit us just right

So as not to accidentally catch a cold

And be healthy.

The fur coat of the jacket is warmer

And in winter it is cozy in it,

Hide your nose in the collar

Maybe even Santa Claus.

The sleeveless jacket is my vest

Sleeveless jackets are loved by children:

In them both in the evening and in the morning

Everyone is pleasant and comfortable.

But these are mittens

For you and Vanyushka.

Wear mittens in winter

When the wind is icy

Anastasia Vankova
“Dressing traditions in kindergarten”. Consultation for educators

Rules for children during dressing for a walk.

1. Dress for a walk you need with permission educator.

2. During dressing you have to be careful.

3. Independently dress in the following sequence

Tights;

Trousers or leggings "

Sweater or jacket

Coat or jacket

Mittens.

4. You need to dress calmly, do not scatter clothes, take them out of the locker as needed.

5. During dressing do not push each other, do not pull on the cabinet door.

6. Do not climb, do not close in a locker.

7. There should be no foreign objects in the pockets of your clothes.

8. You need to go for a walk only with educator.

9. When walking up stairs, hold onto the railing.

10. Be careful when opening or closing the door! Don't stick your fingers, don't slam the door, don't hold the door.

Before the kids go dress, necessary:

Provide guidance on the upcoming activity;

Invite the children to put the toys in place, check the order in the group with the children;

Remind and clarify with the children the rules of conduct in the dressing room.

For self dressing children need to create a comfortable setting: each child should sit near his locker, care should be taken that the children do not throw their clothes around, but take them gradually, as the sequence progresses dressing, and did not forget to put removable shoes in the closet. In progress dressing in younger groups, to maintain a conversation with children in order to clarify and consolidate the names of clothing, its purpose, the name of individual parts of clothing, to consolidate and activate the children's dictionary (left, right sleeve, buttons, left-right shoe, etc., at an older age you can play different word games, guessing riddles.

Traditions:

Tradition"Mutual assistance". It is very important to create in the dressing room such an atmosphere of mutual assistance and mutual respect, when the children themselves offer help to a friend, they themselves seek help.

Tradition"Greetings". (clapping hands, shoes, shoulders, etc.)- this is the development of the need for physical activity and support for a good mood, relieving stress after GCD, independent activity.

Tradition"Get ready for a walk." The group is tidied up before going out for a walk. The guys are given a detailed installation for the upcoming activity: what we will observe, what game to play, what toys we will take with us.

Tradition"Moving". Using speech games, we move to the dressing room from the group by "plane", "train", "car", or we go like mice, bees, snowflakes, etc.

Tradition"Who is first". Contests and games play a significant role in working with children. Before the walk educator agrees with the children that whoever gets dressed first will be the first to play a new game, or will be the leader in an outdoor game, carry the game outside (a doll, a car, open a box with a surprise, etc. Competition helps the child compare himself with others , which helps the development of the child's self-image.

Tradition"Contact an assistant." Using the algorithm dressing for a walk contributes to the formation of independence in children, the development of thinking and visual perception, clarifies children's ideas about clothes, the purpose of things, teaches to memorize the sequence dressing for a walk.

Tradition"Order in the closet is the key to quick dressing"In the group, create the rule" Each thing has its place "

How to teach a child to dress?

How to teach a child to dress: effective techniques for teaching dressing, games, poems, a “dressing learning calendar” for the ages of children, the secrets of quick and easy dressing for the little ones.

How to teach a child to dress?

Dressing- this is a difficult process for a child, which consists of different actions: you need to distinguish the front and back of clothes, the front and back of a dress or shirt, correlate the movement of the hand, "trying on" an object, compare. Remember how we - adults - find it difficult to learn how to work with new tools, for example, weaving, wood carving, stitching on a sewing machine and others. A little child experiences about the same when he learns to dress. But it is in this seemingly simple dressing that a very important quality of the child is born - his independence.

In this article, you will find a detailed, simple step-by-step guide to teaching kids how to dress:

- Why teach a child to dress on his own, if it’s faster to dress him himself?

- "dress learning calendar" - at what age what and how easy it is to teach a child to dress,

- successful "smart" self-dressing techniques that even the smallest child can master,

- game techniques and poems,

Why teach a child to dress?

If the child is not taught how to dress, then he often experiences difficulties, he has to do the same thing several times. As a result, dressing can become a "stumbling block" and cause unpleasant emotions in the child. What are these difficulties and troubles:

What difficulties can a child have in dressing?

- the child gets confused in the sequence of dressing (for example, he first puts on trousers, and only then remembers that trousers are put on tights),

- the complexity of fastening (laces, tight buttons, complex fasteners on clothes),

- the difficulty of determining where is the front and where is the back of the clothes (if these are panties, trousers, then the child often puts them on the other way around, you have to change clothes again),

- the baby confuses paired things, for example, puts on boots the other way around: the right boot on the left foot, and the left boot on the right,

- the child puts both legs in one leg of the trousers or puts them on backwards,

- clothes that are unpleasant for the baby (the collar of the T-shirt is too tight, in which the head gets stuck; a spiky blouse, too tight a tight jacket),

- Difficulty in determining the front and back of the garment. The kid can put on the blouse "inside out", that is, with the seams outward.

As we can see, dressing that is familiar to all of us is not an easy process for a child. It develops thinking, speech, fine motor skills, and sensorimotor coordination. And the child in mastering this process requires the help and support of adults.

Why is it bad if the child cannot dress on their own?

First. The child develops a habitual life position of a dependent on adults, a helpless little man... In contrast, a child who knows how to do a lot himself and proudly demonstrates this, feels completely different - independent, successful, independent, confident.

A sketch from life. I rode in a train compartment on the top bunk. On the lower two shelves are a mother with a boy of 8 years old (he is finishing the second grade). Immediately I noticed that the mother herself pulls off the boots from such a large child, unbuttons and pulls off his jeans, takes off his jumper, folds this jumper herself neatly on the shelf. And the boy just silently stretches out his arms or legs to her. I was very surprised, but I thought that the boy was sick and could not do it himself.

Then we got to talking with them. It turned out that the boy is healthy and goes to the gymnasium. But he cannot and does not want to do anything himself. Mom complained that she had to do everything for him and that she "was already exhausted with him." She even put a handkerchief to his nose to get him to clean his nose. The picture looked as if the son was 1 year old. But the saddest thing was to see his son, who did not have a living spark or enthusiasm in his eyes - the boy looked very downtrodden and insecure, very lethargic, did not go to talk with me, was clearly completely dependent on his mother, hiding behind her back, in the conversation did not enter. I was amazed that as soon as my mother got out of the compartment, the boy began to cry and whine like a baby, he could not even open his bag to get his things on the road. And when my mother returned, that he cried and was offended by her, that she did not get him his toys. He was clearly already used to waiting for his mother's help and not doing anything himself.

What is the reason for the boy's reluctance to do something on his own? The reason was very simple and immediately apparent. As soon as the boy tried to do something himself, his mother immediately said: “I knew what you would spill. So clumsy! You cannot give anything into your hands. Let me do it myself. It will be faster than suffering with you "or" Why are you digging for so long! You can't do anything yourself! And how much you will be so slow! You can't do anything. " These words rained down on all of us in the compartment every minute. I think it's understandable why the boy did not have the slightest desire to do something on his own. And there was no need for this either - his mother did everything in advance at first sight.

When a baby learns to be independent, he learns independence not only in dressing, but also in life. This must be understood by all of us - adults. Of course, it’s faster to do everything for the child ourselves and “pack” him into a set of clothes. But what do we put into the baby by this? If in the child's mind we have put the thought “It's difficult to dress” or “It annoys mom” with our remarks, then, naturally, he will not want to dress himself.

If from an early age you inhibit the desire "I myself" in the baby, do not give him the opportunity to show independence, then the child can grow up passive, unable to overcome difficulties in life and waiting for others to do everything for him, feeling dependent on others. Therefore, the rule for all of us adults is always the same - “Everything that a child can do himself (in dressing and not only), he does himself!”.

Second. If we dress the child ourselves, then we lose the opportunities in the intellectual and speech development of the child, which our daily life generously provides us. Household processes are what gives us "developmental tasks" that are repeated from day to day. This is the development of fine motor skills and gross motor skills, and the development of thinking and speech. For instance:

— When dressing, it's time to talk to your baby, naming body parts and details of clothing:“Where is your left pen? Let's stick it up the left sleeve. Where is the right hand? What are we going to wear next? This is Katya's blouse - blue, fluffy, warm! " And this is a contribution to the development of the baby's speech, which is accomplished in the course of ordinary affairs in the family!

— Draw or lay out pictures of the dressing sequence(first, then),

— Learn to tie a bow and lace, and for this you need to remember and understand the sequence of actions.

— Dressing and undressing the child's handle becomes stronger, his fingers become more dexterous and skillful,

— The kid learns to control his actions, to distinguish the right action from the wrong one, to analyze, to establish the relationship between the action and its result. For example, in order to put on tights correctly, the baby needs to know where they have the heel, toe, right and left stocking, where the pantyhose has a seam - one seam and two seams, where is the elastic, be able to determine where the front of the pantyhose is in order to put them on correctly ( not backwards). That is, this is a task not only for the little child's pens, but also for his mind! This is a real workout, which very often adults themselves "take away" from children, dressing them quickly themselves.

— Dressing and changing is also a contribution to the physical development of the baby. This is the work of all joints - shoulder, elbow, knee, hip, the development of the muscles of the arms and legs, the development of coordination of movements.

Third. It is in this simple self-service that the child first encounters the need to make an effort to solve a problem to achieve the goal. In dressing and other household processes, for the first time, kids learn to set a goal (for example, put on a T-shirt), find and master ways to achieve it, analyze the result (whether it worked or not), and correct mistakes if it did not work out. This means that control and verification skills are born here, which the child will really need in any productive activity (drawing, modeling, design, etc.) and later in school.

Fourth. When a child feels skillful, he has a desire to help others - sister or brother, parents, friends - peers. He has the opportunity to become caring! And such a desire should be encouraged in every possible way, offer to help to fasten a button on a jacket to a younger brother, to tie a scarf for him, to hold a jacket while a younger child takes it off.

As we can see, teaching children how to dress independently is a very important contribution to their timely full-fledged development, which we - adults - can either give to the child or take away from him, depriving the child of the opportunity to dress himself.

So, we firmly decided to start teaching the baby how to dress. How to do this so that the learning process is interesting and enjoyable for the kid and leads him to success? First, in this article, I will provide general guidelines for a child of any age, and then we will take a closer look at the “dress training calendar” for specific ages.

First. Cloth, which the baby wears himself and which we buy for the child should be comfortable and simple in cut. It should not have buckles, fasteners on the back, thin ribbons - strings, too narrow holes for laces and other elements that are difficult for babies.

For example, it is very convenient for the smallest to put on loose trousers with an elastic band, but it is very difficult to put on tight trousers made of dense fabric.

For young children, clothes with a fastener - Velcro or a zipper, with very large buttons are desirable, for older children - you can and even need to use any types of fasteners, including those with small elements. But in any case, children's clothes should not have uncomfortable fasteners - for example, too tight holes for buttons through which they are very difficult to push, or fasteners on the back that cannot be fastened by yourself. You should always take care not only of fashion, but also of the baby's convenience and his ability to put on his own thing on his own.

Also look out for the collar of a dress, T-shirt, cardigan, or sweater. Very often on children's products the gate is too tight, the baby "gets stuck" in the collar, gets scared. And of course, then he does not want to dress himself.

Second- a very important "secret" of successful dressing for babies. Desirable for the smallest buy or sew clothes in which the back and front differ. For example, on the front of the blouse there should be an applique, pockets, trim with braid. This will help the baby not to get confused and dress correctly (otherwise, children often wear clothes backwards)

Third. The easiest way for a baby to learn dress while sitting. Then, having already mastered this skill, he will be able to dress even while standing.

Fourth. When dressing and undressing yourself, you need closely monitor the condition of the baby. If he puffs, groans, strains, gets nervous because something doesn’t work out for him for a long time, you need to come to the rescue in time. Otherwise, only unpleasant impressions will remain from dressing, and the baby will refuse further from his unsuccessful attempts to dress on his own. It is very important for us - adults - to provide the kid with success and joy from his achievements: "I did it myself!"

How to teach a child how to dress: a calendar of learning how to dress by age.

Dressing is a difficult process for toddlers, so it's impossible to teach it right away. And the baby will need your help for a long time. Divide this process into two parts - what you are doing and what is the child. Gradually, the proportion of what the child does on his own will increase. In determining where to start teaching your child how to dress independently, the approximate "calendar" below will help you.

Please note that all children are different. And everyone will need their own time to learn. Do not rush the kid, walk in accordance with his individual pace, and he and you will succeed with joy and a smile!

What a child knows how to dress and what is useful to teach him: an approximate scheme for teaching dress by age

Learning to dress. First year of life.

While dressing, talk to the baby, comment on your actions, name all the items of clothing, their properties and qualities (soft, warm, fluffy and others), name the actions, parts of the baby's body: “Where is Katya's handle? Here is a pen. Let's put on a blouse. The blouse is soft, warm, white. Let's put it on one handle, now on the other ”). You can ask the kid to raise the handle when putting on, or give you a handle. Here it is not important for us that the baby cannot do this yet and does not speak at all. It is important for us that he learns to perceive speech by ear, to understand our words, to focus on speech. You can use the hand-in-hand technique. For example, in response to the words “give me a pen”, it is most affectionate to take the child's pen and slip it into the sleeve of the shirt. So gradually the baby will begin to understand your words and requests and fulfill them himself.

It is important that your words - comments when dressing include three stages:

1) Preceded by Your actions, as if warning the kid about them: "Now we will dress Katyusha in a beautiful shirt",

2) Commented Your actions in the course of dressing (naming actions, body parts, properties and qualities, items of clothing),

3) Summed up- conclusion: “Katenka changed her clothes! What a beautiful Katyusha we have! "

Naturally, here the words are given as approximate - they will be different depending on the specific situation, here, in communication with the baby, “living speech” sounds, which is born “here and now,” and not memorized.

Such commenting will help the child in the future to learn how to do actions according to the word, to understand words and to begin to actively speak himself.

Learning to dress. 1 to 3 years old (early age)

First. What a child can do by himself:

After a year, the baby can, when dressing: give mom the right thing, give a pen when putting on a jacket or blouse, raise your head when putting on a hat. We always comment on all our actions in dressing the baby (as it was before the year), we attract the baby to the conversation. We say what we are doing now and what we will do next: “So we put on our socks. Now let's put on our boots. Where are our boots? Show me. These are the warm beautiful boots Dima has. The legs will not freeze in them. Where is Dima's right leg? "

At about 1 year 6-7 months the toddler can undress with a little help from an adult. He can pull off his hat, felt boots, socks (pull off by the heel), take off shoes or boots unbuttoned by adults, take off shorts, leggings, tights.

Closer to two years old, a baby can:

- raise both arms when mom puts on a sweater, jumper or dress,

- put your hands in the sleeves of the jacket or coat that mom is holding,

- put your feet in tights, pants or socks that an adult is holding,

- take off your socks, tights, boots (laces unlaced), a scarf (which an adult had untied before), an unbuttoned coat, trousers,

- take off and put on the hat yourself,

- take off the unbuttoned coat and jacket,

- self-fasten and unfasten the zipper.

After two years the child wants to do everything himself and requires it from adults. "I myself" - these words we hear more and more often from a child in the third year of his life. Here comes a very favorable time for him to learn how to dress himself(of course, the clothes should be simple to dress and undress). After all, the baby wants it! He wants to, and he is interested, he wants to button up buttons, examine clothes, try to put on a jacket himself - in a word, learn to dress! If we now take away this opportunity from him, and we ourselves dress and undress him, then later it will be very difficult to teach him to dress himself. Praise your kid for independence, teach him how to dress, and very soon he will delight you. At the age of five, the child will no longer be interested in this, and teaching a five-year-old child to dress will be much more difficult than a toddler.

By 2.5 years the baby can learn to take off the dress, put on pants and tights himself.

Second. What are “microprocesses” in dressing and why it is very important for us to know about it

From 1 to 3 years old, the baby learns to dress specific things. He is not able to completely change clothes himself after sleep, but he is quite able to put on tights, trousers and other things completely on his own or with a little help from adults. In preschool education, this is called mastering "Microprocesses". That is, if dressing for a walk is a "holistic process", then putting on trousers or putting on a T-shirt is a "microprocess". Having mastered the “microprocesses” up to 3 years old, the baby will be able to master the “whole process of dressing” / changing / undressing after 3 years, and dressing and undressing independently with a little help from adults - easily, quickly and correctly.

How can you help your baby to learn these "microprocesses" of dressing and undressing, and what can he do himself at this age? In order for such a little kid to dress himself, you need to know some pedagogical "tricks" and "clever methods of dressing and undressing", which I will now tell you in great detail.

Third: tricks and secrets of teaching children up to three years old to dress

By 3 - 3, 5 years the baby is able to dress himself! If an adult helps him to master dressing and undressing.

What is needed for this:

First. Give your baby very simple ways of doing things that are guaranteed to lead him to 100% success in dressing and undressing(Note: We adults can use different ways of dressing the same thing and usually do not pay attention to them, but the baby needs one effective and very simple way of dressing - the "smart way", which ensures him success and joy for his achievement . It is in this way that we will teach the child.) These methods of dressing and undressing are given further in the article.

Second. To accustom the baby and ourselves to a clear sequence of dressing and undressing, which is constantly repeated. While undressing, the baby, together with you, puts things in a certain order on the highchair. Then he does it himself. Then, dressing, he can easily put them on himself in the reverse order. That is, if the child, when undressing, was the last to take off the tights and put them on the highchair, then he will put them on first, because they are on top of all the other things on his chair. And will not confuse anything! This is how we teach the "smart" organization of our life.

Another example: the tights are removed and immediately placed on the seat of the chair so that one seam is at the top and two seams are at the bottom (ie, in front of the pantyhose "looks" up, the elastic of the pantyhose is at the back of the chair). The main thing here is not to twirl the tights in your hands, but after taking them off, immediately put them on the chair. We explain to the child the rule: "One seam at the top, elastic band of tights to the back of the chair." Then when he dresses, he will immediately take the tights in his hands correctly and put them on correctly: the right leg will be in the right stocking of the pantyhose, and the left leg will be in the left.

Third. Introduce a 1-2-year-old baby to pieces of clothing. For example, to put on tights, you must first find with your child where the tights have an elastic band, a sock, a heel, two stockings, where there is one seam (in front), where there are two seams (the back of the tights). And for this you need to consider the tights with the baby. Other items of clothing are considered similarly - for example, a dress (sleeves, cuffs, collar, hem, hangers, pockets and other trimmings).

Fourth. Clearly define what you will do yourself and what you will start teaching your baby now. You cannot start teaching all the ways of dressing all items of clothing at once. You need to choose one thing to start with. For example, first teach you how to put on a T-shirt yourself. As soon as the baby copes with this, you can move on to another microprocess, for example, putting on pants. And the fact that he himself knows how to put on a T-shirt will be self-evident. Gradually, the baby will become more and more independent, as he will gradually master all the skills.

Fifth. It should be taken into account that adults should always show the child the same method of action, otherwise the baby will get confused. For example, we will teach a child, when undressing before bedtime, to hang a dress on the back of a chair with a pocket down (i.e., the front of the dress is down and the back is up). This will be done so that the baby can put on a dress after sleep without our help and without mistakes and not confuse the front and back. This means that when an adult undresses a child, he hangs his dress on the back of a chair every time in this way. And then he will teach this to the kid. The rule is: "What we demand from the child, we do it ourselves, we give the child a sample."

This is how we ensure the guaranteed success of dressing the baby and we praise him for this success! At the same time, a complex process is broken down into easy understandable steps (microprocesses), and therefore everything seems easy. Remember the effective "time management" trick for adults - eating the "elephant" piece by piece (that is, breaking down a difficult task into small accessible steps). Very similar, right? The basics of such an organization of one's life and work are laid here - in such simple everyday phenomena as dressing and undressing.

"Smart" dressing without unnecessary expenditure of time and effort is only the beginning of the "smart organization" of our life and work!

Of course, all readers of this article are very interested in learning - what kind of "smart" and at the same time simple and accessible to children methods of dressing and undressing can and should be shown to the baby? We - adults - can develop them ourselves. And we can use the methods already available in the domestic preschool pedagogy.

Here I will present several ready-made options for such methods of dressing and undressing for the smallest children up to three years old. I am citing them from a wonderful program for raising young children in kindergarten and in the Krokha family (Prosveshchenie publishing house). I strongly advise you to get acquainted with this program not only for teachers of young children, but also for parents.

Self-dressing and undressing methods for the little ones

Task. Take off your pantyhose.

Consider tights with your toddler first. Find where they have the sock, heel, stockings, elastic, where there is one seam (i.e. in front of the pantyhose), where are two seams.

What the child does:

- gets up near the chair with his back to the seat (show how to get up), takes the tights by the elastic with both hands and lowers them below the knees,

- sits on a chair,

- with one hand grabs the heel, and with the other hand the toe of the same stocking (show how to do this), pulls one stocking of the pantyhose. To guide the child's hand, you can take his hand in yours — hand in hand — and act together.

- then also pulls off another stocking,

- puts pantyhose on his chair so that the elastic is at the back of the chair, and there is one seam at the top. We explain to the child: “Where is our rubber band? Show me. There she is! Place it against the back of the chair. Where is one seam? Is this one? It's two - let's count - one, two. Where is one seam? Here it is! Place so that one seam is at the top. Here is a clever girl! " If the kid was wrong, then we correct it, we remind the rule. You will have to remind it many times and every day, since new skills and abilities are not formed immediately, but gradually. Never change this order, and the baby will easily learn it, and later grandparents will also be taught that “we have to do it differently, my mother taught me how to do it right!”

Task: take off your coat (fur coat, jacket).

What the child does:

He unfastens the buttons - first the lower one, then the upper ones (that is, we go from the bottom up), in unbuttoning the upper buttons, the help of adults may be required - they are often very tight.
Lowers the coat or jacket from the shoulders. First, your baby will need your help - hold on to your coat or jacket.
Pulls one arm out of the sleeve.
He pulls on the other sleeve of his coat and takes out his other hand.
Hangs a coat or jacket on his hook or in his locker (you need a special children's hanger at the height of the children). Your help may be required first - help your baby find the loop for hanging a coat or jacket.

Task: take off a dress.

Consider the dresses that the baby has. Find the hem, sleeves, cuffs on the dress, determine where the fastener is - at the back (on the back) or in front (on the chest). It is better for young children to buy clothes without a back closure so that they can dress and undress themselves. And it is very good when there are pockets or beautiful trimmings (applique, braid, lace) on the front of the dress, so that children can easily determine where the back is in their clothes, and where is in front.

What the child does:

- The child is standing behind the back of the chair. He takes the dress by the collar with both hands, pulls it forward - downward, freeing the head. Takes off her dress from her head.

At this stage, the help of an adult is needed:

a) in unfastening the buttons (if the buttons are very tight or the fastener is on the back of the dress).

b) to direct the baby's head and her arms in the forward-down direction when pulling the dress and freeing the head (you can take the baby's arms in your hands and direct the movements forward and down)

- Pulls by the sleeve (by the end of the sleeve, by the cuff, i.e. below, not at the shoulder). Removes one sleeve. Show how to do this - you can take the child's handle in your hand and together make the necessary movement - pull the sleeve down.

- Then he removes the second sleeve in the same way.

- Hangs the dress on the chair. The hem should be at the bottom. The back of the dress "looks" upwards - at the ceiling. (Then when the baby is dressing and comes up to the back of the chair, she will definitely not mix up the front of the dress and put it on backwards).

Show the baby how to take the dress by the shoulder seams (“Let's take it by the shoulders like this”), then, with a wave, gently and carefully put the dress on the chair. Explain that the loan should not be thrown away, but beautifully hung on the chair - “Now the dress will not wrinkle while Katyusha is sleeping. Katya has a beautiful dress. " It is very important to do this not casually, but very carefully, emotionally, because children very well feel your mood and your attitude, including towards things. And we educate, first of all, not with words, but with our attitude.

Objective: take off your shirt.

For boys, the order in their actions with a shirt remains the same as when removing a dress from a girl. First, the top buttons of the shirt are unbuttoned, and the rest of the steps are the same as for the girls (remove through the collar, pull off the sleeves, hang them neatly on the back of the chair).

Task: take off your shoes and put them in place (slide them under the chair on which clothes are folded when undressing).

What the child does:

Puts his feet in the shoe together.
Leans over and unfastens the shoe. If the fastener is difficult, help the baby.
Takes one leg out of the shoe and places it next to the outside of the shoe. Then he similarly takes out the other leg. A pair of shoes stands between the feet of the child.
With his hand (leaning forward) he pushes a pair of shoes under the chair. Show the kid how to do it - push it in with one movement of the hand. (Please note: the pair of shoes is now under the chair correctly, the shoes “look at each other.” And already the baby will not be able to confuse the shoes when shoeing.

Objective: put on shoes.

Child actions:

The child sits on a chair. He pulls the shoes out from under the chair (both shoes or sandals at the same time), puts a pair of shoes between the soles of his feet. (The shoes are already standing right! It is impossible to confuse the right and left boots or shoes) When we put our shoes on, we say: "Each leg has its own house!"
The child puts on his shoes, zips them. In the case of complex fasteners, an adult helps the baby (laces, buckles, etc.)

Objective: Put on a dress or shirt.

Child actions:

The child stands behind the back of the chair, bends over and, without removing things from the back of the chair, sticks his head into the collar of a dress or shirt. An adult helps and holds the hem of the dress.
Then the child straightens up, sticks one hand into the sleeve. Then in the other sleeve - the second hand. An adult helps the baby to "get" into the sleeves.

It is very important: all these methods are designed to ensure that the baby is as independent as possible in dressing and undressing. An adult only helps him if something does not work out. Joint actions "hand in hand" are needed to direct the movement in the right direction, but not to replace the child's activity with the activity of adults.

By analogy, you can explain to the baby and rational ways of dressing other items of clothing. For instance:

To put on panties yourself, a child needs:

- take them by the elastic so that the mark is in front,

- find a hole for each leg,

- put one leg into the hole, then the other ("Each leg into its own window"),

- pull the panties up so that the elastic is on the belt.

By analogy - to take off the T-shirt:

- grasp the bottom edge of the T-shirt with your hands,

- pull the T-shirt up to the neck,

- remove one hand (release it), then the other,

- take off the shirt over your head,

- fold it neatly on the shelf (or hang it on the back of the chair).

It is very important that the baby is not only required to dress himself, but taught him these correct methods of action - mini-steps that will ensure his success and allow him to control the correct execution.

The teaching of the methods of action proceeds sequentially:

Stage one. Show adult (demonstration and explanation to the kid of the method of action).

Stage two. Joint actions with the child. The adult acts together with the baby (sometimes directing the child's hands, holding them in his palms), reminds, repeatedly shows and demonstrates. As soon as we see that the baby has understood how to act, and he has begun to succeed, the child begins to perform the action on his own. And an adult comes to the rescue only if there are difficulties, giving the child the opportunity to do it himself. We will definitely praise the kid for his attempts to do it on his own and for everything, even small, successes.

Stage three. The kid performs the action completely independently. An adult's help is not needed. So, the time has come to move on to mastering a new action. The "old" action is mastered and will soon be performed correctly automatically, without effort.

So, what can a child do by the age of 3, if he was taught to dress independently:

- put on and take off clothes, shoes, a hat on your own, hang it neatly,

- do not confuse the right and left boots, in case of wrong putting them on, notice the mistake and correct it yourself,

- to distinguish clothing and footwear for the home from clothing and footwear for the street. When entering the house, change into slippers,

- to fasten buttons on a shirt or blouse, without missing holes (each button - in its own "house"). In case of skipping and skewing, see it and correct your mistake.

- to distinguish between the front and the wrong side of your clothes, if you make a mistake, correct it yourself,

- see problems in the clothes of loved ones and help fix them (help the brother put on shoes, button his buttons correctly, notice you have an unfastened button, etc.)

We teach a child to dress: from 3 to 7 years old (preschool age).

From the age of 3, the baby no longer masters the "microprocesses", but the "holistic process" of dressing. So, you need to explain to him the sequence of dressing items of clothing. The best way to do this is with a model.

How to make a picture - model:

You stick pictures of clothes in the right order. The kid can always refer to the picture and check himself - whether he is dressing correctly, and also from the picture determine what needs to be put on next. In preschool pedagogy, this technique is called "the use of a subject-schematic model."

An example of such a model for children 3 years old (demi-season clothing):

Picture number 1 - tights. Picture №2 - socks and boots, Picture №3 - jumper. Picture number 4 - a hat. Picture number 5. Jacket and scarf.

How to use the model picture:

First when dressing, you will discuss with your child what to dress for. Then the kid will be able to use the picture - the model and with the help of the picture-model he will be able to control himself. This is how the foundations of elementary self-control are laid.

Very good help to remember the sequence of dressing games like: "Teach Dunno", "Help Mishka get dressed for a walk." The hero of the game - the toy does not know how to dress, makes mistakes all the time, and the kid corrects them (you can also look at the picture - the model and "teach the Bear" to use it). And then the baby goes for a walk with this toy. In such games, children very easily learn and remember the sequence of dressing, see what mistakes lead to (Mishka first put on a sweater, but forgot his shirt) and see how to correct mistakes, understand why a sequence is needed (what first, what then).

Self-control another play situation with a toy that “dresses” for a walk next to the child also “teaches” the baby well ( game situation - "we go for a walk with the Bear / doll, etc."). The toy indicates to the kid about dressing mistakes (for example, holes were missed when the buttons were fastened, and therefore the blouse moved to one side, or the shoes “look in different directions” or forgot to put on socks). But here's how to fix these mistakes - the toy does not know, although it sincerely sympathizes with the baby. This is decided by the baby himself together with the adult. And corrects the mistakes.

At this age we continue teach the baby to lay out his clothes in places, explaining why this is needed. We show children a relationship of cause and effect. For example: “We walk on the ground with shoes, on them there is earth, sand. You need to put them down so as not to stain other things. What happens if we put them up on the shelf? Sand and earth will crumble, and other things will get dirty. " Or: “What a beautiful blouse you have. Let's hang it up neatly so that it doesn't wrinkle "," Whoever takes care of his clothes, hangs them up neatly, he always looks neat, beautiful "," They didn't put the shoes in their place - we had to look for them for a long time, but we could have played at this time. Therefore, we put all things in their places. "

If we help a child to perform an action when dressing (for example, a three-year-old baby still cannot lace up his shoes and asks for help), then while helping, be sure to talk with the baby and show - explain to him the way of action:“Look, I took the lace. I will transfer it to the other side and stick the tip through the window. And now you help me further and tell me what to do. Where should the lace be moved? Where to stick the tip? What are we going to do next? "

Such a situation when an adult laces up the child's shoes, and at this time he absolutely does not participate in the process, but instead looks out the window, at the tablet or at the TV, is unacceptable!

If we talk to a kid, then he gradually remembers what to do, in the end he will definitely want to try it himself, and he will learn! In addition, talking with the child while dressing and undressing, we develop his speech, teach him to conduct a dialogue.

By the age of 4, any healthy child, if he was taught how to dress, can fasten all the buttons, zippers, buttons on his clothes (except for the fasteners on the back) and lace up his shoes by tying laces on them.

From 4 years old the child is already very independent, has mastered the process of dressing and undressing, and we begin to pay special attention to culture of appearance. For example, we show the baby what it takes to put on a dress, look at ourselves in the mirror, smooth the collar, folds at the belt, see if the belt is evenly tied, and whether the dress fits well. We teach to use polite addresses: “Help me, please, I can't ... Thank you for your help,” “Let me help you,” and others. If there is a younger baby in the family, then we encourage the help of the satrish child to the little one, bringing up caringness.

By about 4 years of age and later, a child may brush your clothes, monitor your appearance (notice problems and fix them yourself). For example, he may notice that he buttoned the buttons incorrectly (missed several holes) and correct the mistake himself (without reminding the adult or his request). Children can themselves put wet shoes, mittens, hats to dry in the place that you have allocated for this task (in kindergarten, this is a special cabinet for drying children's clothes - a drying cabinet, at home - a battery or another warm place). We pay special attention to the neatness of folding our clothes, we praise the baby precisely for the quality of the action: “How neatly you laid out your clothes. It will dry well and will not wrinkle. "

From 5-6 years old children can wipe their shoes with a rag, brush them, keep order in their closet with clothes (put each thing in its place, wipe the shelves from dust).

Let's summarize what a baby can do on his own at different ages:

You will learn more about the secrets of dressing in the continuation of this article - (part 2). In it you will find tips for solving specific situations: what to do if a child is slowly dressing, if he cannot distinguish between right and left shoes, does not know how to put on trousers and others. I will offer games and interesting tricks for solving these problems from my experience of working with toddlers - preschoolers.

- harmful and useful advice for parents

The mode of stay of children in a preschool educational institution involves daily walks. They have a positive effect on physical, mental, emotional development, and help to increase immunity. While in the older group almost all the guys are able to dress independently and are perfectly familiar with the sequence of actions, in the younger group there are always problems with this. Consider how dressing children in kindergarten should be and how to build a dressing algorithm correctly.

Preparing for a walk

Toddlers and matured preschoolers should know a clear rule - you cannot dress and go out without the permission of the teacher. Many fidgets, just mastering the regime of the institution, rush to the street at any time. To prevent this from happening, create a special atmosphere in preparation for the upcoming exit. For example, enter a tradition called "I want to return to a clean group." It will consist in joint putting the group's premises in order.

If children every day before a walk in the preschool educational institution begin to clean up their toys, put scattered books and pencils on the shelves, then the tradition will turn into a good habit - and after undressing from a walk, you will not have to waste time on cleanliness. An algorithm of actions will be postponed in young minds: first cleaning, then a walk. In the process of cleaning, tell the children about the upcoming games and observation on the street, about the weather outside the window. Their interest will increase and they will be more willing to dress themselves.

Dressing Algorithm

An adult is able to reason logically and will even put on a new thing for himself at the moment that requires it. It is more difficult for a child to cope with a large set of things, especially if. Winter means sweaters, scarves, gloves, tights - of course, for a kid, and sometimes for a preschooler, it is very easy to get confused. We need a logical, understandable scheme.

The correct algorithm is best drawn up in pictures, where dressing is shown very clearly. Remember that hanging it at the eye level of an adult is a pointless undertaking. It is necessary to place the memo at the level of children's eyes so that it is convenient for everyone to come up and clarify what is worth at the moment. A doll located in a dressing room can act as a visual aid. On it, in their free time from a walk, children can train and hone their knowledge of dressing and undressing. Gradually, the sequence of actions in the pictures will be assimilated, the children will begin to get together faster.

In what order should you dress for a walk
	1. We put on tights
	2. Put on socks
	3. Putting on a T-shirt
	4. Putting on the pants
	5. We put on a sweater or jacket
	6. Putting on shoes
	7. Put on a hat
	8. Putting on the jacket
	9. Tie a scarf
	10. We put on gloves or mittens

Several rules

For kids 3-4 years old, of course, it is very difficult, even impossible, to cope with clothes on their own and to monitor their full composition on themselves (of course, if we are not talking about summer walks, when dressing, dressing and undressing is minimized). The task of the preschool educational institution is to help every child, but not in the form of custody, but in the form of tips and games. It is important to adhere to the algorithm for putting on things in the pictures, but nevertheless, the desire for independence is necessary. So that the collection process does not take too long, introduce a number of rules for the guys:

Each preschooler can dress only near his locker.
We need to help each other.
You need to ask for help and thank you for providing it.
Any clothing should lie in its place (the upper tier in the closet is for changing clothes) and, preferably, should be available in the sequence that the dressing algorithm will correspond to.
The child should take out of the locker only what he intends to wear, without interrupting the sequence.

It should be comfortable and fun for children to dress for a walk, because they have to do it every day. It is necessary that the skills of the children develop. The teacher of the preschool educational institution should not forget about the safety of the health of his wards - children who have dressed before the rest can have time to sweat and catch a cold in the cold air. Demonstrate to the children how undressing should be by removing things in reverse order. The vigilance of the teacher and the good mood of the children who come to kindergarten are the key to a successful walk. And after the walk, don't forget!