The order of performing morning prayer (Fajr) for women. Madhab Abu Hanifa. How to read namaz? An example of reading prayer for beginner men (text, photo, video) What a girl needs to learn for prayer

(Persian نماز‎) or salat (Arabic: صلاة‎) is a canonical prayer, one of the five pillars of Islam. The prayers of the first Muslims consisted of loudly pronouncing together the formulas of monotheism and the exaltation of Allah. There are no clear instructions in the Koran for performing prayers, although there are many indications of such particulars as prayer times, prayer formulas, certain movements, etc. The entire order of performing prayers developed as an imitation of the prayer postures and movements of the Prophet Muhammad and is enshrined in the memory of the first Muslims. The uniformity of prayer was practiced over almost a century and a half and was recorded in writing by the Hanafi jurist Muhammad al-Shaybani (d. 805).

The words of the Iqamat in the madhhab of Imam Abu Hanifa:

Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar
Allahu Akbar, Allahu Akbar

Ashhadu alla ilaha illa Allah
Ashhadu alla ilaha illa Allah

Ashhadu Anna Muhammadar Rasulu Allah

Hayya ala ssalah
Hayya ala ssalah

Hayyah alaal fallah
Hayyah alaal fallah

Kad Kamati ssalah
Kad Kamati ssalah

Allahu Akbar
Allahu Akbar

La ilaha illya Allah

I rak'at

"For the sake of Allah, I intend to make fard* of this morning namaz A".

Important Notes:
*Fard is obligatory in Islam. Failure to perform fard is considered a sin.

In this case, we give a simplified example of performing the morning namaz a, in which there are 2 cancers (cycles of body movements).

Remember that everyone namaz includes a certain number of cancers of the sunnah (desirable) and fard (obligatory).

Morning - 2 sunnahs, 2 fards
Daytime - 4 sunnahs, 4 fards, 2 sunnahs
Afternoon - 4 fards
Evening - 3 fard, 2 sunnah
Night - 4 fard, 2 sunnah

Takbir. The gaze is turned to the place of soot (the place that the head touches when bowing to the ground). The palms are turned towards the Qibla, the thumbs touch the earlobes. Feet are parallel to each other. There is a distance of four fingers between them.

3. Then place your right hand with the palm of your left hand, clasping the little finger and thumb of your right hand around the wrist of your left hand, and lower the hands folded in this way just below the navel and read:

"Suru Fatiha"

But you, as a beginner performing your first prayers in your life, can limit yourself to only reading Surah Fatiha.

Qiyam. The gaze is turned to the place of soot. Hands folded on the stomach, just below the navel. The thumb and little finger of the right hand wrap around the wrists of the left hand. Feet are parallel to each other. There is a distance of four fingers between them.

Hand." The gaze is directed to the tips of the toes. The head and back are at the same level, parallel to the surface of the place of prayer. The legs are straightened. The fingers are spread apart and clasp the knees.

6. After straightening, with the words “Allahu Akbar”, perform soot. When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands and, only after that, touch the soot with your forehead and nose.

Soot. Head - between hands. The forehead and nose touch the floor. Fingers and toes should point in the direction of the Qibla. The elbows do not touch the carpet and are moved away from the body. The belly does not touch the hips. The heels are closed.

Soot. The head is between the hands. The forehead and nose touch the floor. Fingers and toes should point in the direction of the Qibla. The elbows do not touch the carpet and are moved away from the body. The belly does not touch the hips. The heels are closed.

II rak'at

First, as in the first rak'at, read Surah "Fatiha", an additional surah, for example "Ikhlas" (although for beginners you can limit yourself to only reading Surah "Fatiha" - see above), perform ruku (upper bow) and soot.

10. After the second sajd of the second rak'at, sit on your feet and read the prayer (du'a) "Attahiyyat":

"Attahiyaty lillaahi vassalavaty vatayibyatu
Assalaam aleyke ayuhannabiyu wa rahmatyllahi wa baraka'atyh
Assalaam aleyna wa ala ibadillahi s-salihiin
Ashhad alla illaha illallah
Wa ashhadi Anna Muhammadan "abduhu wa rasylyukh"

Attention! When pronouncing the words “la illaha,” the index finger of the right hand rises, and when saying “illa illaha,” it goes down.

Ka´da (sitting). The gaze is turned to the knees. Hands are on your knees, fingers in a free position. Both legs are slightly shifted to the right. You should sit not on your left leg, but on the floor.

Salam (greeting) to the right side. Hands on knees, fingers in a free position. The foot of the right foot is placed on the carpet at a right angle, the toes are directed towards the Qibla. The head is turned to the right, looking at the shoulder.

Allah Almighty said in the Holy Quran:

وما خلقت الجن والإنس إلا ليعبدون

Meaning: " And We (Allah) did not create people and jinn except for worship "(Surah al-Zariyat, verse 56).

Daily prayer five times a day is an obligation that Allah has assigned to every adult Muslim man and woman. Prayer is one of the pillars of religion. The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

الصلاة عماد الدين

« Prayer is the pillar of religion "(Imam al-Suyuty). It is also said in the hadith:

لا حظَّ في الإسلام لمن ترك الصلاة

« There is no share in religion for one who leaves prayer "(al-Malik), i.e. One who does not pray does not have full faith.

The first thing that will be in demand on the Day of Judgment is prayer. Hadith says:

إنَّ أول ما يسأل عنه العبد يوم القيامة من عمله الصلاة ، فإن تقبلت منه صلاة تقبل منه سائر عمله

« The first thing that will be accounted for on the Day of Judgment is prayer; if it is accepted, then the rest of the deeds will be accepted "(at-Tirmidhiy).

The obligatory prayer is performed five times a day:

1) Morning prayer, consisting of two rak'ahs.

2) Midday prayer, consisting of four rak'ahs.

3) Afternoon (pre-sunset) prayer, consisting of four rak'ahs.

4) Evening prayer, consisting of three rak'ahs.

5) Night prayer, consisting of four rak'ahs.

Terms of prayer:

1) Be in unbroken small and large (ritual bathing) ablution.

2) Determine the Qiblah (the direction in which the prayer is performed).

3) Cover the awrat (private places), for men at least between the navel and knees, but it is advisable to be fully clothed, for a woman - the entire body except the face and hands.

4) Cleansing the place, clothes, body and rug from najasa (impurity).

5) The time for prayer has arrived.

Mandatory components (arcanas) of prayer according to the madhhab of Imam al-Shafi'i.

1) Standing upright for someone who is physically able. Anyone who is unable to stand due to a physical condition does it while sitting, and if he can’t even sit, then he does it lying on his right side or on his left, and if he can’t do it anyway, then he can do it lying on his back.

2) Saying the opening takbir “Allahu Akbar”.

3) The introductory intention, which must be made with the heart along with the utterance of the words “Allahu Akbar”, that is, while simultaneously pronouncing these words, you must have the intention to pray. For example: “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of obligatory morning prayer for the sake of Allah.”

4) Reading Surah al-Fatihah with all the rules for reading it.

5) Bow from the waist, pause for a while, fixating in this position.

6) Straightening, standing after bowing from the waist, and pausing, fixing in this position.

7) Two bows to the ground, and also fix the pose in both bows to the ground.

8) Sitting between two prostrations, taking a break in this position.

9) Sitting for the last “tashahhud” (“at-tahiyat”).

10) Reading the last “at-tahiyat”.

11) Blessing (salawat) on the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) in the last “at-tahiyat”.

12) Seating for this salawat (in the last “attahiyat”).

13) The first taslim is at the end, that is, to say: “As-salamu alaikum” is the minimum, but it is advisable to add: “wa rahmatu-llah.”

14) Compliance with the specified order of execution in the listed arcana.

If any rukn is missed or deliberately left, then the prayer is broken. These mandatory components must be observed by all Muslims who have entered into prayer (regardless of gender).

Some features of prayer for women

Regarding the dignity of prayer performed by a woman, the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

إذا صلت المرأة خمسها و صامت شهرها و حصنت فرجها و أطاعت زوجها قيل لها : ادخلي الجنة من أي أبواب الجنة شئت

« If a woman prays five times a day, fasts (in Ramadan), preserves her genitals, and submits to her husband, she will be told: “Enter Paradise through the gate that you wish.”"" (Ibn Habban).

There is no difference in the number of prayers performed, in the number of components or transitions, etc., between the prayer of a man and a woman, except in formal moments, and the periods in which women are prohibited from performing this type of worship (menstrual cycle and postpartum discharge).

The formal difference is this:

A woman’s prayer is more collected, her arms and legs are more compressed towards the body, and her stance is more collected than that of a man, because the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him), when he passed by two praying women, said:

إذا سجدتما فضما بعض اللحم إلى الأرض فإن المرأة ليست في ذلك كالرجل

« When you bow to the ground, press part of the flesh (body, torso, for example, elbows) to the ground, because a woman in this (bow) is not like a man "(al-Bayhaqiy in Sunan).

Single prayer:

1) The entire body of a woman, except for the face and hands, must be covered, otherwise the prayer is not considered valid.

2) The woman will perform the prayer more collectedly, that is, when she stands up straight in order to perform the prayer, she will not spread her legs wide apart, but, on the contrary, her legs will be together or slightly apart.

3) When entering prayer, when reading “Allahu Akbar”, she will not raise her arms above shoulder level, and her elbows will be pressed to her body, whereas it is advisable for a man to raise his hands so that his palms are opposite his ears. She will do the same in other transitions in which it is advisable to raise your hands.

4) When bowing to the ground, it is advisable for a woman to press her elbows to the ground, and her hips to be pressed to her body, unlike men, who prefer to spread their arms and not press their hips to their body.

5) It is condemned for a woman to read in an audible voice in the presence of strange men who are not her mahrams (close relatives, like father, brother, uncle, etc.) or husband, but if there are no strange men, then she can read aloud, but not like that loudly, like men.

Collective prayer of women:

1) A woman who prays as an imam does not come forward from the row of other women, unlike men, in whom the imam leading the prayer is moved forward, and the first row of worshipers is behind him.

2) In collective prayer, if a woman, who is acting as an imam, has made a mistake or missed something, then other women remind her by patting her right palm on the outer part of her left hand, unlike men who in such a situation say: “Subhana- Allah."

3) It is advisable for a woman in the presence of women to limit herself only to reading the “ikamat”. And reading the call to prayer “adhan” loudly is prohibited, even if in the presence of only a woman, and reading quietly is reprehensible. Unlike men, who prefer to call to prayer in a loud and beautiful voice.

The above points are additional features of a woman’s prayer and must be observed on top of those mandatory components and conditions of prayer that are given for men and women.

All praise to Allah Almighty, Lord of the worlds!

Ibn Muhammad

Devout Muslims must master the reading of prayer. What about those who barely want to learn this activity? At first, it is possible to start reading namaz as a regular prayer without observing the important rules of this ritual.

Namaz for men

To read the prayer you will need to do the following:

• prepare clothes and body for this ritual (namaz is performed only in clean clothes);
• memorize the sura, which is called “Al-Fatiha”;
• stand while performing namaz facing the direction where Mecca is located.

Namaz for women

It is important for a woman to clarify whether she can perform namaz. In that case, there are no prohibitions for pregnant women. They can read a prayer while sitting and even lying down if the pregnancy is difficult. A woman during her period, postpartum, or with gynecological diseases accompanied by bleeding is prohibited from performing the ritual. In these cases, the woman is considered unclean.

Before the ritual, a woman needs to perform a small ablution of her face, legs to the ankles and arms to the elbows, and also wipe off the nail polish. Women are allowed to perform namaz in the mosque, in a special women's hall, and also at home. The order of reading the prayer is identical for both women and men.

How to learn to do namaz?

Those who have just accepted the Muslim faith will be able to learn how to perform namaz by watching how other Muslims do it. Over time, the process of reading a prayer can be brought to automaticity. If you are learning to read namaz in a mosque, then it is not at all necessary to repeat all the words of the prayer after other Muslims. To do this, just repeat the word “Amen” at the end.

1. 1. You need to stand facing Mecca and repeat all the actions of Surah Al-Fatiha while reading the prayer. It is important to read aloud in order to hear yourself. The letters of the sura must be spoken without the slightest distortion.
2. 2. Those who have already begun to study Surah Al-Fatiha and know at least one surah by heart need to repeat it several times. This is necessary to pronounce the same amount of text as when reading the entire sura aloud.
3. 3. If you have not yet been able to learn and read the surah according to all the rules, then when performing namaz you can read one of the parts borrowed from the Holy Quran. In this case, the passage cannot contain less than 156 letters.
4. 4. To perform prayer without knowing Surah Al-Fatihah or parts of the Holy Quran, you can only recite the words used to remember Allah. They are also called dhikrs. Alternatively, you can recite the following dhikrs: “Subhana-llah, wa-l-hamdu-li-llah, wa-la-ilaha illa-llah, wa-llahu Akbar.” Translated, it will sound like this: Allah is omnipotent, there is no god but Him, Praise be to Allah.
5. 5. In case you cannot recite any of the above by heart, you can simply say “Allahu Akbar” 20 times. For those who cannot read anything, you can stand silently for the time it takes to read Surah Al Fatiha.

On average, beginners take from one to two weeks to learn prayer. This time is enough to study Surah Al-Fatihah at a calm pace. Many people have difficulty reading prayer at the initial stage.

There is nothing wrong with the fact that at first you will read only a few dhikr to Allah. With the right approach to studying the surah, within a month you will be reading prayer without hesitation.

The following video will help you learn how to do namaz.

Almost all prayers: be they fards, wajibs, sunnat or nafl prayers, consist of the same actions and are read in the same way.

Namaz is divided into periods called rak'ahs. Rakaat is a strictly defined sequence of actions and words. The rak'ah begins with standing (qiyam), during which something from the Koran is read, followed by a bow (ruku), after which, straightening up, the worshiper returns to a vertical position, from which he proceeds to prostration (sajdah), which is performed twice times. Every second rak'ah ends with sitting (kaʼda) to read the tashahhud. We will consider all this in detail further.

Namaz is characterized primarily by the number of rakats. Thus, we said that the morning prayer (Fajr) consists of two rakats, the lunch prayer (Zuhr) - of four, the evening prayer (Maghrib) - of three, etc.

The procedure for performing namaz according to the Hanafi madhhab

It is fard for every Muslim to perform namaz five times a day. This is the morning - Fajr, midday - zuhr, afternoon - asr, evening - Maghreb and night - isha prayers. You should begin performing namaz with a clean body, in clean clothes, in a clean place, facing the qiblah - towards the Holy Kaba. Namaz is performed in the following order:

Fajr prayer

Fajr prayer consists of two rak'ats of sunnah prayer and two rak'ats of fard prayer - a total of four rak'ats.

Sunnah prayer in two rak'ahs is performed as follows:

1. Turning towards the Kaba, the intending one says to himself: “I intend to perform two rak’ahs of the Sunnah-Fajr prayer in a timely manner, turning to the qiblah - sincerely for the sake of Allah”;

2. Pronounced takbirul ihram (takbirul iftitah) - الله أكبر “Allahu Akbar” ( Allah is Great) with which prayer begins. At the same time, men, with their open palms facing the qiblah, touch their earlobes with their thumbs. In this case, women raise their arms to shoulder level. For both men and women, when raising their hands to pronounce takbirul ihram, the fingers are kept slightly spread, palms facing the qibla;

3. Hands fold.

Men place their right palm on top of their left wrist. At the same time, the thumb and little finger of the right hand clasp the wrist of the left hand, forming a “lock”. The remaining three middle fingers fit tightly on the left hand. In this position, the closed arms are freely lowered to a level just below the navel. Women place their right hand on top of their left forearm and hold them at chest level.

This state is called qiyam. In qiyama - a standing position, with his gaze directed at the place where sajdah is performed, the performer of namaz reads one by one:

San's Prayer:

سبحانك اللهم وبحمدك وتبارك اسمك وتعالى جدك ولا إله غيرك “Subhanakallahumma wa bihamdika wa tabarokasmuka wa ta’ala jadduka wa laa ilaaha goyruk”. (Glory to You, O Allah, and praise to You, blessed is Your name, above all is Your greatness, and there is none worthy of worship except You.)

Following this prayer for the qiraat, the sur is recited :

بِسْمِ اللَّـهِ الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ أعوذ بالله من الشيطان الرجيم “Auuzu billahi minashshaitanir rajim. Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim”(I resort to the protection of Allah from the stoned shaitan, In the name of Allah, the Gracious, the Merciful.) .

Dua " Subhanaka"and this formula of protection is pronounced only in the first rakah. In the Hanafi madhhab, the words “Bismillahi-r-Rahmani-r-Rahim” are pronounced silently, even if the prayer is read aloud.

Then Surah Fatiha is read:

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّـهِ رَبِّ الْعَالَمِينَ Al-hamdu lillahi robbil-ʼalamin

الرَّحْمَـٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ Ar-Rahmanir-Rahim

مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ Maliki Yaumid-din

إِيَّاكَ نَعْبُدُ وَإِيَّاكَ نَسْتَعِينُ Iyaka na'budu ya iyaka nasta'in

اهْدِنَا الصِّرَاطَ الْمُسْتَقِيمَ Ikhdinas-syratol-mustakym

صِرَاطَ الَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ Syratol-lyazina anʼamta ʼaleikhim

غَيْرِ الْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا الضَّالِّينَ Goiril Magdubi ʼaleihim wa yad-doooollin

(Amin - pronounced quietly)

Meaning: “Praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, the Gracious, the Merciful, the Ruler of the Day of Judgment. We worship You alone and we cry to You alone for help. Guide us on the righteous path - the Path of those whom You have bestowed with Your blessings, and not of those who have brought Your wrath is upon yourself, and not on those who have gone astray.”

Following the Al-Fatiha sura, another sura or verses of the Koran are read. There is no need to say “Bismillahi-r-Rahmani-r-Rahim” in front of them.

The minimum number of verses of the Quran that must be read after Surah Al-Fatihah is three short verses or one long one.

As a short surah, beginners can recite one of the following small surahs:

Surah "Kavsar": “Innaa atoynakal kavsar. Beans lirobbika vanhar. Inna shaniaka huval abtar”.

Meaning: “Verily, We have given you Kawsar! Perform the prayer to your Lord and slaughter! Truly, your hater is himself short.”

Surah Ikhlas: “Kul huwallahu ahad. Allahus somad. Lam yalid wa lam yulad. Wa lam yakullahu kufuwan ahad”.

Meaning: “Say: “He is Allah, One, Allah is Somad.” He did not give birth and was not begotten, and no one was equal to Him!”

Surah “Falak”: “Kul ayuzu birobbil falak.” Min sharri ma holak. Wa min sharri gosikin iza vakab. Va min sharrin naffasaati fil ukad. Wa min sharri hasidin iza hasad.”

Meaning: “Say: “I seek refuge with the Lord of the dawn, from the evil of what He created, and from the evil of the dark night when it came, and from the evil of those who blow on the knots, and from the evil of the envious person when he was jealous!”

Surah “Naas”: “Kul ayuzu birrobbin naas. Malikin naas. Ilahin naas. Min sharril wasvasil hannaas. Allazii yuvasvisu fii sudurin naas. Minal jinnati van naas.”

Meaning: “Say: “I seek refuge in the Lord of men, the King of men, the God of men, from the evil of the tempter, who disappears, who whispers in the breasts of men, [who is] from the jinn and men!”

4. After the end of the short surah, it is pronounced “Allahu Akbar” and a bow is made - ruku. Men worship without bending their elbows and knees, while tightly grasping their kneecaps with their outstretched fingers. The head and back of men should be at the same level horizontally.

Unlike men, women bend slightly less when performing ruku. In the hand, women bend their knees slightly and hold their knees without spreading their fingers, as men do.

In the ruku position, in a state of mental peace, pronounce three times سبحان ربي العظيم “Subhana Robbiyal Azim”(My great Lord has no faults)

5. From the state, the hands are straightened while pronouncing at the same time

سمع الله لمن حميده “Sami Allahu liman hamidah”(Allah hears the one who praises Him)

The straightened position of the body is called kavma

While in kavma, it is pronounced “Robbana lakal hamd” ( O our Lord! Glory to you!), and the one performing the prayer remains in this position for a little while, in a state of mental peace.

6. Next, while pronouncing, the sajda begins, touching the ground first with the knees, then with the palms, then with the nose and forehead at the end. When performing sajda, the toes are in a directional (extended) position towards the qibla and do not leave the ground. Men do not touch the ground or both sides with their elbows; whenever possible, they point all parts of the body (limbs) towards the qibla.

Women in sajd place their elbows on the ground.

During sajd, when the forehead and nose touch the ground, in a state of mental peace, it is pronounced three times سبحان ربي العلى “Subhana Robbiyal Ala”(My Supreme Lord has no faults)

7. Then saying الله أكبر “Allahu akbar” (Allah is Great), and straightening up from sajdah, the performer of namaz squats for some time. In this position, the hands, including the fingers, are on the feet arbitrarily. In this case, the tips of the fingers should be at the level of the bend of the knees - they should not hang from the knees or not reach this bend. In this sitting position, in a state of mental peace, pronounce twice ربي اغفر لي “Robbie Gfirli”(Oh my Lord! Forgive me!)

Making a second prostration without fully straightening - just raising your head slightly - is unacceptable!

Remain in this position for so long that you can say “Subhanallah” at least once.

You can say:

In this position, men sit on their “covered” left leg, and the toes of their right foot remain, as in sajdah, directed (extended) towards the qibla. Women sit with their toes turned to the right.

8. Saying “Allahu Akbar” the second sajdah is performed. In the position of sajda, again being in a state of mental peace, it is pronounced three times “Subhana Robbiyal Ala”. This concludes the first rak'at of prayer.

9. Then, having said “Allahu Akbar” The person performing the namaz rises from the sajda, but does not sit down, and without relying on anything, stands in the position of qiyam to perform the second rak'ah.

10. In the kiyam position, starting only with “Bismillahir Rahmanir Rahim”, Surah “Fatiha” is read, followed by any short sura. At the same time, short surahs read in each subsequent rak'ah should be no longer than the previous one and lower in serial number according to their location in the Qur'an.

11. Having said “Allahu Akbar” Ruku is performed. In this position, with peace in your soul, say three times “Subhana Robbiyal Azim”.

12. Having said “Sami Allahu liman hamidah”, assume a straight standing position), and pronounce “Robbana lakal hamd” and this standing position is maintained for a little while.

13. With pronunciation “Allahu Akbar”, Sajdah is performed in the same way as in the first rak'at. In this position, with calmness in your soul, pronounce three times “Subhana Rabbiyal Ala”.

14. With words “Allahu Akbar” The person performing the prayer rises from the sajdah and, straightened up, sits a little on his heels. In this position, in a state of mental peace, he says twice “Robbie Gfirli”.

15. Having said “Allahu Akbar”, the second sajdah is performed. In the position of sajdah in a state of mental peace, it is pronounced three times “Subhana Robbiyal Ala”.

16. Then the person rises from the sajda, accompanying this movement with the words of takbir “Allahu Akbar” and sits back on his heels. This position is called kada. In the kada position, the hands and fingers lie arbitrarily on the legs bent at the knees. In this case, the fingertips should be at the level of the bend of the knees, should not hang from the knees and should not reach this bend.

In this position, men sit on their left leg (heel), and the foot of their right leg is held perpendicular to the ground so that the toes of this foot are kept extended parallel to the ground and directed towards the qibla.

Women sit with their toes pointed to the right. In this case, the gaze of the person performing namaz is directed to the chest area, mainly to the part where the heart is located. In this position the dua tashahhud is read:

Prayer Tashahhud (Attahiyatu):

التحيات لله والصلوات و الطيبات،
السلام عليك أيها النبي ورحمة الله وبركاته،
السلام علينا وعلى عباد الله الصالحين،
أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمدا عبده ورسوله

“At-tahiyyatu lillahi was-solyauatu uat-toyibat, Assalamu ʼalaika ayyuhan-nabiyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh, As-salamu ʼalaina wa ʼala ʼibadillahis-solikhin, Ashhadu alla ilaha illallahu wa ashhadu anna Muham madan abduhu wa rasulyukh."

(Salutations to Allah, prayers and good deeds. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, the mercy of Allah and His blessings. Peace be upon us and the true servants of Allah. I testify that there is none worthy of worship except Allah, and I testify that Muhammad is His servant and His Messenger.)

Then salavat is read:

اللهم صل على محمد وعلى آل محمد

كما صليت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم.

وبارك على محمد وعلى آل محمد

كما باركت على إبراهيم وعلى آل إبراهيم،

في العالمين إنك حميد مجيد

Salawat: “Allahumma solli ala Muhammadiv wa alaa ali Muhammad, kama sollayta ala Ibrahim wa ala ali Ibrahim, innaka Hamidum Majid. Allahumma barik ala Muhammadiv wa ala ali Muhammad, kama barakta ala Ibrahima wa ala ali Ibrahim, innaka Hamidum Majid."

(O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Worthy of Praise. Glorious! Allah, send blessings upon Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent them to Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Verily, You are Worthy praise, Glorious!)

Then one of the prayers mentioned in the hadith is offered:

رَبَّنَا آتِنَا فِي الدُّنْيَا حَسَنَةً

وَفِي الآخِرَةِ حَسَنَةً

وَقِنَا عَذَابَ النَّارِ

“Robbana atina fid dunya hasanatav va fil ahirati hasanatav vakina azaban naar”(Surah Baqarah, verse 201).

(O our Lord! Grant us good in earthly life and good in eternal life and protect us from punishment in Hell!)

17. Turning your head first to the right, the greeting is pronounced, then turning your head to the left, it is also pronounced “Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah”, thereby ending the prayer. When turning the head to the sides for greetings, the gaze drops to the right or left shoulder so that if you look out of the corner of your eyes (peripheral gaze) over the shoulder, you can see two rows behind you. When turning the head from one side to the other, the gaze does not rise above the chest area

Two rak'ahs of the fard prayer of fajr are performed in the same order.

Religious reading: a prayer read during morning prayer to help our readers.

While standing, express your sincere intention (niyat) to perform namaz: “For the sake of Allah, I intend to perform fard* of this morning prayer.”

• *Fard is obligatory in Islam. Failure to perform fard is considered a sin.

1. Morning – 2 fards.
2. Daily – 4 fards.
3. Afternoon – 4 fards.
4. Evening – 3 fards.
5. Night – 4 fards.

Raise both hands, fingers apart, with palms facing the Qibla, to ear level, touching your thumbs to your earlobes and say takbir iftitah (initial takbir) “Allahu akbar.”

Takbir. The gaze is turned to the place of soot (the place that the head touches when bowing to the ground). The palms are turned towards the Qibla, the thumbs touch the earlobes. Feet are parallel to each other. There is a distance of four fingers between them.

Then place your right hand with the palm of your left hand, clasping the wrist of your left hand with the little finger and thumb of your right hand, and lower your folded hands in this way just below your navel and read Surah Fatihah:

“Auzu billahi minashshaytaani r-rajim

Bismillahi r-rahmaani r-rahim

Alhamdu lillahi rabbil ‘alamin

Iyyakya na'budu wa iyakya nasta'iin

Ikhdina s-syraatal mystakyim

Syraatallyazina an'amta aleikhim

Gairil magdubi aleikhim valad-doolliin.

Aamin. “ (Pronounced silently)

Qiyam. The gaze is turned to the place of soot. Hands folded on the stomach, just below the navel. The thumb and little finger of the right hand wrap around the wrists of the left hand. Feet are parallel to each other. There is a distance of four fingers between them.

Having lowered your hands, say: “Allahu Akbar” and perform ruku’ (waist bow).

Ruku'. The gaze is directed to the tips of the toes. The head and back are at the same level, parallel to the surface of the place of prayer. Legs straightened. The fingers are spread apart and clasp the knees.

After ruku’ straighten your body to a vertical position.

After straightening, with the words “Allahu Akbar”, perform soot. When performing soot, you must first kneel down, then lean on both hands and, only after that, touch the soot with your forehead and nose.

Soot. The head is between the hands. The forehead and nose touch the floor. Fingers and toes should point in the direction of the Qibla. The elbows do not touch the carpet and are moved away from the body. The belly does not touch the hips. The heels are closed.

After this, with the words “Allahu Akbar,” rise from the soot to a sitting position.

After pausing in this position long enough to say “Subhanallah”, with the words “Allahu Akbar”, lower yourself into soot again.

Then, with the words “Allahu Akbar,” stand up to perform the second rak’ah. The hands close in the same place.

II rak'at (salat for a beginner)

First, as in the first rak’at, read Surah “Fatiha”, an additional surah, for example “Ikhlas” (although for beginners you can limit yourself to only reading Surah “Fatiha” - see above), perform ruku’ (upper bow) and soot.

After the second sajdah of the second rak’at, sit on your feet and read the prayer (du’a) “Attahiyyat”:

“Attahiyaty lillaahi vassalavaty vatayibyatu

Assalaam aleyke ayukhannabiyu wa rahmatyllahi wa baraka'atykh

Assalaam aleyna wa 'ala 'ibadillahi s-salihiin

Ashhad alla illaha illallah

Wa ashkhady anna Muhammadan ‘abduhu wa rasylyukh’

Attention! When pronouncing the words “la illaha,” the index finger of the right hand rises, and when saying “illa illaha,” it goes down.

Qa'da (sitting). The gaze is directed to the knees. Hands are on your knees, fingers in a free position. The landing is shifted to the shin of the left leg. The right leg is slightly moved to the side, the toes are bent towards the Qibla.

Say the greeting: “Assalamu ‘alaikum wa rahmatullah,” turning your head first towards the right shoulder and then towards the left.

Salam (greeting) to the right side. Hands on knees, fingers in a free position. The foot of the right foot is placed on the carpet at a right angle, the toes are directed towards the Qibla. The head is turned to the right, looking at the shoulder.

Salam to the left. Hands are on your knees, fingers in a free position. The foot of the right foot is placed on the carpet at a right angle, the toes are directed towards the Qibla. The head is turned to the left, looking at the shoulder.

This completes your prayer.

In conclusion, you can turn to the Almighty Creator with your du’as.

Du'a. Hands are joined and raised, fingertips are at shoulder level. The palms are open upward and placed at an angle (approximately 45°) to the face. The thumbs are pointed to the side.

Prayers recited in namaz

"Iftitah"; "tashahhud"; “as-salat al-Ibrahimiya”; "kunut"

اَللهُ أَكْبَرْ كَبيرًا، وَالْحَمْدُ الِلهِ كَثيرًا، وَسُبْحانَ اللهِ بُكْرَةً وَأَصيلاً

And then they read “Iftitah”:

« Allahu akbar kabira, wal-hamdu lillahi kasira, wa subhanallahi bukratan wa asyl.

Vajahtu vajhiya lillazi fatara-ssamavati wal-arz, hanifa-mmuslima, wa ma ana minal-mushrikina. Inna salati va nusuki wa mahyaya wa mamati lillahi rabbil-‘alamina, la sharika lyahu, wa bizalika umirtu, wa ana minal-muslimin».

(Allah is great, all praise is to Him, He is pure from all shortcomings. I, a devoted Muslim, and not a pagan, turn to the One who created the heavens and the earth. My prayer, my worship, my life and my death - everything was created by Allah - the Lord worlds, He has no partner. And this was commanded to me, and I am among the Muslims.)

“TASHAHUD” and “AS-SALAT AL-IBRAHIMYYA”

اَلتَّحِيّاتُ الْمُبارَكاتُ الصَّلَواتُ الطَّيِّباتُ لِلهِ، اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْكَ أَيُّهَا النَّبِيُّ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكاتُهُ، اَلسَّلامُ عَلَيْنا وَعَلى عِبادِ اللهِ الصّالِحينَ، أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لآ إِلهَ إِلاَّ اللهُ وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا رَسُولُ الله،ِ اَللّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَما صَلَّيْتَ عَلى إِبْراهيمَ وَعَلى آلِ إِبْراهيمَ، وَبارِكْ عَلى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَما بارَكْتَ عَلى إِبْراهيمَ وَعَلى آلِ إِبْراهيمَ، فِي الْعالَمينَ، إِنَّكَ حَميدٌ مَجيد

“At-Tahiyyatul-mubarakatu-salawatu-ttayyibatul lillah. As-Salamu ‘alaika ayyuha-nnabiyyu wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. As-Salamu ‘alaina wa ‘ala ‘ibadillahi-ssalihin. Ashhadu alla ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna Muhammad-rrasulullah.

Allahumma salli ‘ala Muhammad (these words are pronounced after the first “Tashahhud”, and they are obligatory in the last “Tashahhud”), wa ‘ala ali Muhammad, kama sallayta ‘ala Ibrahim wa ‘ala ali Ibrahim. Wa barik ‘ala Muhammad, wa ‘ala ali Muhammad, kama barakta ‘ala Ibrahim wa ‘ala ali Ibrahim, fil-‘alamina, innaka hamidu-mmajid.”

“All greetings, blessings, prayers and good deeds belong to Allah. Prophet, peace be upon you, the mercy of Allah and His blessing. Peace be upon us and the God-fearing, pious servants of Allah. I testify with my tongue, I acknowledge and believe in my heart that there is nothing worthy of worship except Allah, and I once again testify, I acknowledge and believe in my heart that Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”

“O Allah! Grant more honor and greatness to Prophet Muhammad and his family, just as You gave honor and greatness to Prophet Ibrahim and his family. O Allah! Give more blessings to Prophet Muhammad and his family, just as you gave blessings to Prophet Ibrahim and his family - in all the worlds. Verily, You are the Praised One and We praise You.”

PRAYER "KUNUT", read when straightening (in i'tidal) the second rak'ah of morning prayer:

اَللّهُمَّ اهْدِني فيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ * وَعافِني فيمَنْ عافَيْتَ * وَتَوَلَّني فيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ* وَبارِكْ لي فيمآ أَعْطَيْتَ * وَقِني بِرَحْمَتِكَ شَرَّ ما قَضَيْت * فَإِنَّكَ تَقْضي وَلا يُقْضى عَلَيْكَ * وَإِنَّهُ لا يَذِلُّ مَنْ والَيْتَ * وَلا يَعِزُّ مَنْ عادَيْتَ* تَبارَكْتَ رَبَّنا وَتَعالَيْتَ * فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلى ما قَضَيْتَ * أَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَأَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ * وَصَلَّى اللهُ تَعالى وَسَلَّمَ عَلى خَيْرِ خَلْقِه مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِه وَأَصْحابِه أَجْمَعينَ * رَبِّ اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرّاحِمينَ

“Allahummahdini fiman hadait (a), wa ‘afini fiman ‘afayt (a), wa tawallani fiman tawal-layt (a), wa barik li fima a’tait (a). Wa kini birahmatika sharra ma kazait(a), fainnaka takzy valya yukza ‘alaik(a). Wa innahu la yazilu maw-wa-layt(a), wa la ya‘izzu man ‘adait(a). Tabarakta Rabbana wa ta'alait(a). Falyakal-hamdu ‘ala ma kazayt (a). Astaghfiruqa wa atubu ilayk(a). Wa sallallahu ta'ala wa sallama 'ala khairi halkihi Muhammadiv-va 'ala alihi wa askhabihi ajma'ina, Rabbigfir warham wa anta khairu-rrahimin."

« O Allah! Keep me on the true path, as you saved the pious. Protect me from diseases, like those whom You protected. Support me as well as those whom You have supported. Bless what You have given me. Protect me by Your mercy from the evil that You have created. You command everyone, but no one commands You. Whom You have exalted, no one will humiliate, and whom You have not supported will not be exalted.

O our Lord! You are above all shortcomings. Praise be to You. I ask You for forgiveness and repent before You. O Allah Almighty! Give Prophet Muhammad, the best of creation, more honor and greatness, and give mercy to the family of the Prophet, his companions and pious Muslims. O Lord! Forgive my sins, have mercy on me, truly You are the most merciful».

Prayer "KUNUT" in plural

اَللّهُمَّ اهْدِنا فيمَنْ هَدَيْتَ * وَعافِنا فيمَنْ عافَيْتَ * وَتَوَلَّنا فيمَنْ تَوَلَّيْتَ * وَبارِكْ لَنا فيمآ أَعْطَيْتَ * وَقِنا بِرَحْمَتِكَ شَرَّما قَضَيْتَ * فَإِنَّكَ تَقْضي وَلا يُقْضى عَلَيْكَ * وَإِنَّهُ لا يَذِلُّ مَنْ والَيْتَ * وَلا يَعِزُّ مَنْ عادَيْتَ* تَبارَكْتَ رَبَّنا وَتَعالَيْتَ * فَلَكَ الْحَمْدُ عَلى ما قَضَيْتَ * نَسْتَغْفِرُكَ وَنَتُوبُ إِلَيْكَ * وَصَلَّى اللهُ تَعالى وَسَلَّمَ عَلى خَيْرِ خَلْقِه مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلى آلِه وَأَصْحابِه أَجْمَعينَ * رَبَّنَا اغْفِرْ وَارْحَمْ وَأَنْتَ خَيْرُ الرّاحِمينَ

Morning prayer - Fajr: how many rakats, time. Prayer in Islam

One of the five pillars of Islam is namaz, prayer, with the help of which a person conducts a dialogue with the Almighty. By reading it, a Muslim pays tribute to devotion to Allah. Performing namaz is obligatory for all believers. Without it, a person loses contact with God and commits a sin, for which, according to the canons of Islam, he will be severely punished on the Day of Judgment.

It is necessary to read namaz five times a day at a strictly prescribed time. Wherever a person is, no matter what he is doing, he is obliged to pray. Morning prayer is especially important. Fajr, as Muslims also call it, has enormous power. Its fulfillment is equivalent to a prayer that a person would read all night.

What time do you perform morning prayer?

Fajr prayer should be performed early in the morning, when a white stripe appears on the horizon and the sun has not yet risen. It is during this period of time that devout Muslims pray to Allah. It is advisable that a person begins the sacred action 20-30 minutes before sunrise. In Muslim countries, people can be guided by the adhan coming from the mosque. It’s more difficult for people living in other places. How do you know when to perform Fajr prayer? The time of its occurrence can be determined by a special calendar or schedule called Ruznama.

Some Muslims use mobile applications for these purposes, for example “Prayer Time ® Muslim Toolbox”. It will help you know when to start your prayer and determine the qibla, the direction in which the holy Kaaba is located.

In the Arctic Circle, where day and night last longer than usual, it is more difficult for people to decide on the time at which to perform namaz. Fajr, however, must be performed. Muslims recommend focusing on the time in Mecca or in a nearby country, where the change of day and night occurs at a normal rhythm. The last option is preferable.

What is the power of Fajr prayer?

People who regularly pray to Allah before sunrise show deep patience and true faith. After all, in order to perform Fajr, it is necessary to rise before dawn every day, and not sleep in a sweet dream, succumbing to the persuasion of the shaitan. This is the first test that the morning has in store for a person, and it must be passed with dignity.

People who do not succumb to shaitan and read prayer on time will be protected by the Almighty from adversity and problems until the next day. In addition, they will succeed in eternal life, because the observance of prayer will count for everyone on the Day of Judgment.

This prayer in Islam has enormous power, because on the eve of dawn, the angels of the passing night and the coming day are next to a person, who carefully watch him. Allah will then ask them what his slave was doing. The angels of the night will answer that, when leaving, they saw him praying, and the angels of the coming day will say that they also found him praying.

Stories of the Sahabah who performed the morning prayer against all odds

Fajr requires strict observance, no matter what circumstances arise in a person’s life. In those distant times, when the Prophet Muhammad was still alive, people performed real feats in the name of faith. They performed namaz in spite of everything.

The Sahabah, the companions of the Messenger of the Almighty, performed morning Fajr even when wounded. No misfortune could stop them. Thus, the outstanding statesman Umar ibn al-Khattab read a prayer while bleeding after an assassination attempt on him. He never thought of giving up serving Allah.

And the companion of the Prophet Muhammad Abbad was struck by an arrow at the moment of performing prayer. He pulled her out of his body and continued to pray. The enemy shot at him several more times, but this did not stop Abbad.

Sada ibn Rabi, who was also seriously wounded, died while performing prayer in a tent specially built for the sacred event.

Preparation for prayer: ablution

Prayer in Islam requires certain preparation. Before proceeding to any prayer, be it Fajr, Zuhr, Asr, Maghrib or Isha, a Muslim is required to perform a ritual ablution. In Islam it is called voodoo.

A devout Muslim washes his hands (hands), face, rinses his mouth and nose. He performs each action three times. Next, the believer washes each hand up to the elbow with water: first the right, then the left. After this he wipes his head. With a wet hand, the Muslim runs along it from the forehead to the back of the head. Next, he wipes the ears inside and out. Having washed his feet to the ankles, the believer should complete his ablution with words of remembrance of Allah.

During prayer, Islam requires men to cover their bodies from the navel to the knees. The rules for women are stricter. It should be completely covered. The only exceptions are the face and hands. Under no circumstances should you wear tight or dirty clothing. The person’s body, his vestments and the place where he prays must be clean. If wudhu is not enough, you need to perform full body ablution (ghusl).

Fajr: rakat and terms

Each of the five prayers consists of rak'ahs. This is the name for one cycle of prayer, which is repeated two to four times. The quantity depends on what kind of prayer a Muslim performs. Each rakah includes a certain sequence of actions. Depending on the type of prayer, it may vary slightly.

Let's look at what fajr consists of, how many rakats a believer must perform and how to perform them correctly. Morning prayer consists of only two consecutive cycles of prayer.

Some of the actions included in them have specific names that came to us from the Arabic language. Below is a list of the most necessary concepts that a believer should know:

• niyat – intention to perform namaz;
• takbir - exaltation of Allah (the words “Allahu Akbar”, meaning “Allah is Great”);
• kyyam – staying in a standing position;
• sajda – kneeling position or prostration;
• dua - prayer;
• Taslim - greeting, the final part of the prayer.

Now let's look at both cycles of Fajr prayer. How to read a prayer, people who have only recently converted to Islam will ask? In addition to following the sequence of actions, it is necessary to monitor the pronunciation of words. Of course, a true Muslim not only pronounces them correctly, but also puts his soul into them.

First rakat of Fajr prayer

The first cycle of prayer begins with niyat in the qiyam position. The believer expresses his intention mentally by mentioning the name of the prayer.

Then the Muslim should raise his hands at ear level, touch his thumbs to his earlobes and point his palms towards the qibla. While in this position, he must recite takbir. It must be spoken out loud, and it is not necessary to do it out loud. In Islam, one can exalt Allah in a whisper, but in such a way that the believer can hear himself.

Then he covers the left hand with the palm of his right hand, clasping the wrist with the little finger and thumb, lowers his hands just below the navel and reads the first surah of the Koran “Al-Fatiha”. If desired, a Muslim can recite an additional chapter from the Holy Scriptures.

This is followed by a bow, straightening and sajdah. Next, the Muslim straightens his back, remaining in a kneeling position, once again prostrates himself before Allah and straightens up again. This concludes the performance of the rakat.

Second rakat of Fajr prayer

The cycles included in the morning prayer (fajr) are performed in different ways. In the second rak'ah there is no need to recite the niyat. The Muslim takes the qiyam position, folding his hands on his chest, as in the first cycle, and begins to recite Surah Al-Fatihah.

Then he makes two prostrations and sits on his legs shifted to the right side. In this position, you need to say the dua “At-tahiyat”.

At the end of the prayer, the Muslim recites the Taslim. He pronounces it twice, turning his head first towards the right shoulder, then towards the left.

This ends the prayer. Fajr is performed by both men and women. However, they perform it differently.

How do women perform morning prayer?

When performing the first rakat, the woman should keep her hands at shoulder level, while the man raises them to his ears.

She makes a bow from the waist that is not as deep as a man, and while reading Surah Al-Fatiha, she folds her hands on her chest, and not below the navel.

The rules for performing the Fajr prayer for women differ slightly from those for men. In addition to them, Muslim women should know that it is prohibited to perform it during menstruation (haid) or postpartum bleeding (nifas). Only after being cleansed of impurity will she be able to perform the prayer correctly, otherwise the woman will become a sinner.

What should a person do if he misses his morning prayer?

It is worth touching on another important issue. What should a Muslim do if he missed his morning prayer? In such a situation, the reason why he made such an oversight should be taken into account. A person’s further actions depend on whether she is respectful or not. For example, if a Muslim set an alarm clock, deliberately went to bed early, but despite all his actions overslept, he can fulfill his duty to the Almighty at any free time, since, in fact, he is not to blame.

However, if the reason was disrespectful, then the rules are different. The Fajr prayer should be performed as quickly as possible, but not during those time periods when prayer is strictly prohibited.

When should prayer not be performed?

There are several such intervals in a day during which it is extremely undesirable to pray. These include periods

• after reading the morning prayer and before sunrise;
• within 15 minutes after dawn, until the luminary rises in the sky to the height of one spear;
• when it is at its zenith;
• after reading asra (afternoon prayer) until sunset.

At any other time, you can make up for the prayer, but it is better not to neglect the sacred action, because the pre-dawn prayer read on time, into which a person has put his heart and soul, as the Prophet Muhammad said, is better than the whole world, more significant than everything that fills it. A Muslim who performs Fajr at sunrise will not go to hell, but will be awarded great rewards that Allah will bestow on him.