Friendship saw electric. Chainsaw Druzhba - design features, repairs, modifications from a chainsaw. How to set the ignition on a Druzhba chainsaw

The legendary Druzhba 4M Electron chainsaw is an excellent example of how a good old garden tool with more than 2 years of history can easily outperform modern high-tech units these days. What are the advantages of the Soviet chainsaw and where is it used? Let’s look at it in more detail.

The structure of the Druzhba chainsaw - a detailed description of the design

The design of the famous Soviet chainsaw is based on a powerful 2-stroke single-cylinder MP-1 engine with an air cooling system, which has an increased service life and good endurance. The engine is lubricated using oil, which is diluted in gasoline to prepare the fuel mixture. The air supplied to the carburetor is cleaned using a foam air filter. A reliable and durable starter is responsible for starting the engine.

The saw accessories are connected to the motor using flange connections, which are fixed with a clamp attached to the handles of the chainsaw. Thanks to this unusual arrangement, the operator is able to rotate the bar and saw chain at any angle required for work. In addition, this method of connecting saw accessories and a motor makes it possible to use the latter in cases where there is a need to make various home-made household units.

The preparation of the fuel mixture in the design of the Druzhba 4 chainsaw is handled by a carburetor consisting of two chambers. Electronic ignition and a spark plug are responsible for producing the spark necessary to ignite the fuel. The chainsaw has a standard muffler, the function of which is to reduce the noise level when working with the tool.

To transmit and convert the torque of the motor, a gearbox is provided in the design of the Druzhba chainsaw. It is highly reliable and rarely requires repairs, even when operating the chainsaw in difficult conditions.

Technical characteristics of the Druzhba chainsaw

The Druzhba 4 chainsaw has excellent technical characteristics, which makes it stand out among modern professional models. Among the design parameters of the Soviet instrument, the following should be highlighted:

• Engine power – 3.5 l. s./2600 Watt;
• The recommended tire size for work is 45 cm;
• Saw chain pitch – 0.325 “;
• Reservoir for filling fuel – 550 ml;
• Tank for lubricant – 260 ml;
• Weight – 7 kg.

Representatives of the 4th generation of Druzhba chainsaws have the highest technical characteristics among the entire line of chainsaws of this brand. By the way, their predecessor, the Druzhba 2 chainsaw, has a power of 2.8 liters. pp., which significantly reduces the ability of the instrument in practical use.

Repair and maintenance of Druzhba chainsaw

Reliable spare parts and durable mechanisms of the Druzhba chainsaw are not able to protect the tool from damage. Most often, the causes of tool malfunction are improper handling or simple wear and tear of the mechanisms.

To reduce the risk of premature breakdown of the chainsaw, you should use high-quality gasoline of at least AI-80 grade to refuel it, in which oil for 2-stroke engines should be diluted. The proportion of gasoline and oil should be 1:25, that is, 40 ml of motor oil should be diluted in 1 liter of fuel.

The oil used to lubricate the chain must also be of high quality. Under no circumstances should you pour waste material into the oil tank of your Druzhba chainsaw, otherwise this will lead to damage to the tool’s lubrication system. To prevent the chainsaw chain from subjecting to excessive friction, use only fresh oil from trusted manufacturers.

It should be noted that the use of a high-quality fuel mixture and lubricant does not guarantee the constant uninterrupted operation of the Druzhba chainsaw. However, even if you discover a malfunction, you should not get upset right away. Some breakdowns are quite easy to fix with your own hands. Below we list typical malfunctions of domestic tools and ways to eliminate them yourself.

Adjusting the Druzhba chainsaw carburetor

1. To find the highest engine speed in idle mode, you must slowly turn the screw marked “L” clockwise. Once you find the maximum RPM, turn the same screw back ¼ turn. If after this the chain on the bar continues to rotate, then turn the screw marked “T” counterclockwise until the saw element stops completely;
2. Turning the screw marked “H” will allow you to adjust the required power and speed. To do this, you need to connect a tachometer to the Druzhba chainsaw and by turning the screw “H” find what is indicated in the instructions optimal quantity rpm Immediately after this, turn screw “H” ¼ turn counterclockwise;
3. Then you need to fine-tune the engine idle speed. To do this, screw “T” should be turned until the saw chain begins to rotate. Immediately after this, turn the screw “T” in the opposite direction until the chain stops completely.

Carburetor adjustment carried out according to the instructions will allow you to reduce the fuel consumption of your Druzhba chainsaw and protect its parts from excessive wear.

How to set the ignition on a Friendship chainsaw?

To properly repair a tool, you need to carefully study its operating instructions. As the repair instructions for the Druzhba chainsaw indicate, to install the ignition, you need to remove the cover to which the starter is attached and turn the magneto so that the marks on it and the adapter coincide. After this chainsaw, friendship will be much easier to make.

What can you make from a Friendship chainsaw with your own hands?

Not only the Druzhba chainsaw itself is very popular among people, but also homemade products made from it. Let's look at what homemade products from the Friendship chainsaw can be made at home, and what may be required for this.

Do-it-yourself snowmobile from a Druzhba chainsaw

To make a snowmobile based on the Druzhba chainsaw, first of all, you need to prepare and carefully study the drawings. Having the diagram at hand, you will understand in what sequence the parts of the unit should be installed, and complete the work many times faster.

The design of a snowmobile made from a Druzhba chainsaw should include a strong, durable frame on which the tracks, motor and steering controls will be mounted. In addition to tracks, the unit requires skids, clutch and gas levers to move. Due to the fact that the chainsaw does not have a transmission, a centrifugal clutch can be installed on a snowmobile from the Friendship chainsaw.

In order to increase the comfort of movement, shock absorbers should be installed on a snowmobile. You can use an old bicycle or, even better, a moped as a “donor” for steering controls. Its steering wheel should be redone so that the axis in the center of the steering wheel turns the snowmobile skis.

To make your own winch, you will need a drive from a Druzhba chainsaw. The higher the power of the tool's motor, the better the winch's pulling force will be. This figure can also be increased significantly by using an additional block.

The winch design must also include belts, hooks and a pull-out block. All of the above elements are secured using powerful anchor bolts.

Homemade sawmill from Druzhba chainsaw

To make this structure from a Friendship chainsaw, you will need a strong steel frame, to which the saw is attached via a rigid connection. In the middle of the frame opposite the chainsaw, you need to secure guides in the form of rails along which the wood will flow to the bar and chain of the Druzhba chainsaw.

The finished design can cut thick logs into 3-4 longitudinal parts. The advantage of such a sawmill will be its compactness and efficiency.

To make this unit yourself, you will need a screw, at the end of which screws will be attached. To transmit torque from the Druzhba chainsaw motor to the auger, you will need a gearbox. The gear ratio should be 2:1.

The finished unit is capable of accelerating a boat with two adult passengers to a speed of 20 km/h. Fuel consumption will be no more than 1 l/h.

In the abundance of designs and modifications of modern chainsaws, the Soviet chainsaw “Druzhba-4”, which began its victorious march through the logging fields of the USSR back in 1955, simply had to get lost. But that did not happen. It is still in constant demand today, and having gone through the stage of, if not reincarnation, then serious modernization to the modern Ural-2T-Electron saw, it is still being mass-produced today.

What is good about “Friendship-4” and its main disadvantages

The two-stroke MP-1 engine, rated at 4 hp, which gave it the number 4 in its name, developed for this chainsaw in 1953 at the Zaporozhye “Progress”, was, and remains, so easy to repair and maintain that it ensured its success for many decades.

But Druzhba-4 did not deserve its popularity with a single engine. Convenient layout for long-term work, allowing the feller to work while standing, in comfortable position, cutting trees almost close to the ground, is not repeated in any other saw, except for those that are only its modifications. How many were there? Significant - really one, when the saw acquired a new, more powerful (5 hp) engine, gearbox with a saw chain lubrication system and the name “Ural”. It’s not worth talking about little things like the shape of the tank. And the reduction in weight, which is still hardly the biggest drawback of this design, from 12.5 to 11 kg, cannot be called a significant achievement.

The saw, which received a gold medal at the Brussels exhibition in 1958, was mass-produced until the end of the 90s with minor changes:

• in the 60s, changes were made to the handle fastening;
• in the 80s, the carburetor (“Druzhba-4A”) was replaced and electronic ignition (“Druzhba-4A-Electron” was installed);
• in the 90s, another new carburetor (“Druzhba-4M”) was installed.

The next stage was actually the creation of “Ural”, but it is only a development of “Friendship”.

Other modifications of this saw mentioned in some sources are the fruit of the authors’ imagination. The recently released Druzhba-2 saw has a traditional layout for this tool, similar to the models of market leaders Shtil and Husqvarna, and apart from the name, it does not in any way resemble its legendary predecessor.

Advantages of "Friendship-4":

1. Ease of use when felling wood.
2. High maintainability.
3. Simplicity of design.
4. Low cost.

Also among the successful design features is the fastening of the gearbox using a clamp, which allows you to rotate it at any angle, which makes it possible to position the saw bar in a horizontal plane. A simple centrifugal clutch in which the outer L-shaped profile of the drive drum, as the speed increases, is pressed against the walls of the driven protrusion mounted on the gearbox, ensuring the transmission of torque.

Disadvantages of a chainsaw:

• Poor safety system (no automatic brake, stop button, vibration protection, etc.).
• Removable starter, which is often lost.

• Heavy weight.
• Low quality of spare parts.

The close relationship between “Ural” and “Druzhba” makes it possible to actively use spare parts from the first to the second. This is how saws made in the 60s gain a second youth after installing lubricated gearboxes with modern saw bars and chains.

And spare parts for Druzhba are still produced by many manufacturers and are not in short supply.

Moreover, based on its engine, not only saws were produced, but also motor pumps, winches, autonomous power stations and much more.

Repair and modernization of Druzhba saws

Although these saws stopped being produced at the turn of the millennium, a huge number of them are still in use and sold on the Internet. Some are far from exhausting their resources. But even those that have lost their appearance and acquired problems in their work are easily restored.

After all, the body parts of these saws practically do not wear out, and the rest must be replaced. The video will help you avoid difficulties when disassembling “Friendship-4”:

Most often, during repairs it is necessary to change the crankshaft bearings, all seals and gaskets.

It will not be superfluous to replace the piston rings during disassembly. It is also possible to install a repair size for the piston group.

If your chainsaw has a gearbox without lubrication, then it is worth installing a more modern one. This will extend the life of the saw chain.

And here is a video of the device of such a gearbox, which shows how it differs from the standard one:

Such a new one from Ural costs about 3.5 thousand rubles, but with the cost of a slightly used Druzhba being 4 - 5 thousand rubles. this price may seem excessive. The same applies to other elements. So, if your contact ignition is working, then give it away for a new one or install an electronic one for 500 - 600 rubles. maybe it's not worth it. After all, the main problems with it arise due to damage to the crankshaft oil seal, and when replacing it, everything can return to normal.

A removable starter costs the same amount, so it’s better not to lose it. Some fasten it rigidly with self-tapping screws in a regular place and put up with certain inconveniences in work, and some fix it on a cable and find a place for it on the handle of the chainsaw.

It is cheaper to repair a carburetor using a repair kit.

The cost of a new one is about 1 thousand rubles.

The biggest modifications are most often made to the ignition system, namely: installing a car coil to replace the secondary winding of the standard coil. How to do this correctly is shown in the video:

At the same time, the spark becomes much more powerful, and problems with starting the saw are eliminated, especially in winter.

The chainsaw clutch practically does not fail, but sometimes requires minor repairs. It is designed in such a way that at low speeds the L-shaped profile does not unclench and the gearbox does not engage, but if the rivets on which it is attached become loose, then it can touch the outer part of the gearbox coupling at low speeds, then the clutch “drives.” It's worth trying to rivet them harder. And if the reason does not go away, then in this case buy a new clutch.

Homemade products from “Friendship-4”

The layout of the engine and gearbox of this saw is so successful, and the clutch is so compact that the device is an almost ready-made power unit for many interesting homemade products.

In 1973, based on these engines, the MAI X-3 ultra-light helicopter was created, followed by modifications 4 and 5. They were even shown at a number of exhibitions, but did not go into mass production. It was too difficult to coordinate the operation of as many as 8 engines for 2 propellers that ensured its movement.

But he flew! But driving the engine from Druzhba is much easier. On snow and on hard roads.

True, sufficiently high speeds at the output gearbox of the saw require the installation of a large driven gear on the traction wheel, an intermediate reduction shaft, or a reduction in the diameter of the wheel itself.

But snowplows and motor cultivators from it turn out to be quite productive, but also with a system that reduces the speed.

Finally, it is worth remembering that the saw is equipped with a system with a hydraulic wedge.

This device is a great help when felling trees. How it works will become clear after watching the video:

Dear readers, if you have any questions, please ask them using the form below. We will be glad to communicate with you;)

The first model of the Druzhba chainsaw was developed in 1953 and released in 1955. They were produced at machine-building plants in the cities of Biysk and Perm. All models of these chainsaws have a two-stroke, single-cylinder, air-cooled engine with a carburetor. Thanks to its convenient design and high performance, Druzhba is still in demand, and saws of the first models are also in working condition. The main purpose of the Druzhba chainsaw is felling forests and sawing logs.

Before operating any chainsaw, be sure to read the manufacturer’s instructions and follow all safety rules.

Chainsaw models

The overall design of the saw has not changed significantly over time, only individual parts have been modified. The number at the end of the model name indicates its power, for example, Druzhba 2 - 2 hp. In the first chainsaw produced, the handles were attached to the fan cover; later they began to be attached to the clamp that connected the gearbox and the engine. Model 4A, produced until the 80s, already used a contact magneto and a KMP-100 carburetor. Automatic chain lubrication was also used for the first time. Later it was discontinued and instead they began to produce the 4A-Electron model with electronic ignition.

In the 90s, the previous carburetor was replaced with a new KMP-100U. The chain saw became known as Druzhba-4M and was equipped with updated chains. Based on the Druzhba chainsaw, the Ural saw with more powerful characteristics was developed. The latest model produced with a similar design is Druzhba 5E.

Additional marking with the letter E or the word “Electron” means that the chainsaw uses an electronic ignition system.

Characteristics

Friendship-2

This model became one of the most popular of the entire original series. The Druzhba-2 chainsaw is powered by a two-stroke single-cylinder engine with a power of about 2.2 kW and a rotation speed of 3200 rpm. Compared to the previous version, this one was performed with better quality. The frame and handle are made in such a way that the user cannot get burned on the hot engine. The case is made of high-quality alloy, which is not afraid of temperature changes. Unlike the first model, this one already has a mechanical chain brake for safe use. In the event of a rebound or breakage, it will stop the chain. The saw was intended both for domestic needs and for professional felling of forests. Weight 12.5 kg.

Friendship-4

The Friendship 4 chainsaw uses the same engine as the previous model, but with more power – 4 hp. or 2.94 kW. The engine and power unit are installed using a flange connection secured with a clamp. If necessary (repair, replacement), the engine can be easily removed in any conditions. Based on the Druzhba 4 saw, two modifications were produced, marked 4A and 4E. The first one added an automatic saw chain lubrication system, and the second one used electronic ignition. The shortcomings were also taken into account previous models, for example, the crankshaft bearing has been strengthened. All versions were produced with an emergency braking system.

The Friendship 4M-Electron chainsaw uses a similar engine with a power of 2.94 kW and a rotation speed of 5200 rpm. The cylinder is made of aluminum alloy, and the inside is treated with chrome to increase wear resistance. Unlike earlier versions, this chainsaw is equipped with a rotary gearbox, which allows you to rotate the saw unit by 60-90° for more convenient operation. The weight is distributed evenly throughout the body to make work as comfortable as possible. There is also a vibration damping device located between the steering wheel with handles, struts and the gas tank.

To reduce the noise level, the saw is equipped with a muffler, and the noise level is 106 dB. The Druzhba 4M-Electron chainsaw is equipped with a KMP-100U or KMP-100-AR carburetor. There are automatic braking and saw chain lubrication systems. Weight 12.5 kg.

Friendship-5E

The latest version of this series of chainsaws released. Equipped with a two-stroke single-cylinder engine with a power of 5 hp. or 3.7 kW. Due to this, its performance is noticeably higher than that of previous models. Rotation speed 6200 rpm. At the same time, the noise level emitted is slightly lower than that of Druzhba-4M Electron, and is 105 dB. The weight of the 5E chainsaw is 800 grams less - 11.7 kg.

Table with technical characteristics of Druzhba chainsaws:

Advantages and disadvantages

Positive qualities of Druzhba brand chainsaws:

• high productivity and the ability to work for a long time without interruptions for 50 minutes;
• simple design;
• the presence of high handles, thanks to which you can saw in a standing position, they also ensure safer use and reduce the level of vibration;
• accessible location of all parts;
• the chain is driven by high engine speeds and is stationary at idle;
• low octane fuel can be used;
• the presence of an emergency brake in most models;
• when the saw chain gets stuck, the saw does not stall;
• precise and even cutting;
• The service life, subject to operating rules and proper care, can range from 15 to 30 years.

The main disadvantage is the heavy weight. Also, because the starter is removable, it often gets lost, and there is no Stop button.

Do not use leaded gasoline as fuel or run the saw in a confined space.

Thanks to its simple design, you can repair the Druzhba chainsaw yourself. For example, saws of this brand often have problems with ignition, especially if a contact one is installed. It is extremely sensitive to various oils and gasoline. Therefore, it is better to purchase electronic ignition instead. Moreover, contact spare parts for the friendship chainsaw are expensive and irreplaceable.

If the spark plugs are heavily flooded, you should pay attention to the carburetor. In this case, it is necessary to bend the gasoline valve slightly inward; as a result, the amount of fuel supplied will decrease and the spark plugs will stop getting wet.

The carburetor is also easy to adjust:

1. The fuel screw is screwed in completely and unscrewed back 3 turns.
2. Close the propeller completely and turn it back 2 turns.

To prevent air from being sucked into the system from the outside, all seals must be tight.

Compared to other models, the Druzhba chainsaw is sold at a lower price due to the small number of functions, but has excellent quality and long term operation, which imported models cannot boast of.

The main malfunctions of the Druzhba chainsaw - video

Mechanization of forest felling and motor saws. In 2013, most Russians associate the appearance of both with the Druzhba chainsaw, which appeared in the late 1950s. And few people know that the massive use of motor saws in our country began 10 years before the appearance of “Friendship”. Motopila.TV and the Museum of Industrial Culture plan to highlight this part of our history as part of the VIVAT-2013 exhibition at the exhibition “10 years before Friendship: electric saws at the cutting site.”

The domestic history of chain saws begins in the 1930s. For many reasons, in the USSR more attention was paid to ELECTRIC chain saws rather than CHAINSAWS. As a result of the work of several design teams, the TsNIIME K-5 electric chain saw was born. Distinctive Features This electric saw was that it was controlled by one person and was powered by an electric current of high frequency - 200 Hz.

The new electric saw was lightweight, reliable and required fewer people to operate than the chain saws used in our country at that time. In 1949, the creators of this electric saw received the Stalin Prize for its development and the industry began mass production K-5. By the way, a folding guide bar was used in the K-5 electric saw, and only 10 years later it was used in the Druzhba chainsaw.

Implementation new technology It happened not only in the forest - a wide propaganda campaign was carried out among the population. The VIVAT 2013 exhibition features illustrations from Soviet magazines and reproductions of propaganda posters from the 1950s. By the time the Druzhba chainsaw entered the historical scene, felling of forests in our country had been massively mechanized using TsNIIME K-5 electric saws.

At the end of the 1950s, when chainsaws began to displace electric saws from cutting sites, the next version was created - TsNIIME K-6. The new electric saw began to be used for bucking trees and for construction work. At the end of the 1960s, the EPC-3 electric saw was created, which has survived to this day.

The scale of use and role of this type of power saw can be judged by how deeply they left a mark on our culture. Sculptures, paintings and even a feature film released in 1958 - three years before the well-known “Girls”. At the VIVAT-2013 exhibition, a reproduction of the most famous painting is presented, in which the K-6 electric saw appears. This is a painting by Kostroma artist Alexey Belykh “Lumberjack”. (Despite the title, this 1964 painting shows not a lumberjack, but a bucking machine!)

In addition to reproductions, electric saws K-6 and EPC-3 will be presented at the VIVAT-2013 exhibition. Visitors will be able to see with their own eyes the tools used to carry out the post-war reconstruction of our country and compare them with the classic Druzhba chainsaw.

Exhibition of Historical and Military Automotive Equipment - VIVAT

The VIVAT exhibition has been held since 2008 in Moscow at st. Zarechye, vl.3. VIVAT-2013 will be held on June 29-30, 2013 and will feature the Restoration Workshop of Evgeny Shamansky, the Syuzniki and Lend-Lease Museum, the Skiba and Sons Garage, the Military History Club "Vystrel", the Historical Ramenskoye Automobile Society, Club "Capital Artel", water-motor club "Debarkader" (Ukraine), "Victory Club", Club "Retromobile" Podolsk and many others.