Project children of war around the world. War is not a child's face. In the village At the factory

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Memory that will never end War did not spare anyone A long time ago there was a war War childhood of my great-grandfather Yura (Shchelchkov family) Shchelchkov Yuri Nikolaevich Difficult childhood of my great-grandfather Hungry childhood of great-grandfather Memories of childhood of my great-grandfather War footprint A note about the wound of great-grandfather Childhood years of great-grandmother Nina ( family Permyakov) War stole our childhood Sad childhood Wounded childhood 70 years apart "Children of War"

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The Great Patriotic War is one of the most terrible trials that befell the Russian people. Its severity and bloodshed left a huge imprint on the minds of people and had dire consequences for the life of an entire generation. Children and war are two incompatible concepts. War breaks and maims the lives of children. But children lived and worked alongside adults, trying to bring victory closer with their feasible labor ... The war claimed millions of lives, ruined millions of talents, destroyed millions of human destinies.

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At the present time, many people, in particular, young people know little about the history of their country, and after all, there are fewer and fewer witnesses to the events of the Great Patriotic War every year, and if their memories are not written down now, they will simply disappear along with people, not leaving a well-deserved mark in history. War! A great weapon of destruction and tragedy ... According to the State Archives of the Volgograd Region, 194,300 children lived in our region before the start of the war. Fascists stole 1,940 children into slavery, 431 children died from bombing, 207 children were shot. The war did not spare anyone.

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There was a war, but life went on. Children were born and grew up, played, studied ... For us, modern children, the first books were the alphabet and the primer. Can you imagine that you can learn the basics of reading not from the alphabet, but from newspaper headlines? But many of our grandparents learned to read in this way. Fast forward to the past and find out what was written on the pages of newspapers in 1941-1945: "Our slogan is victory!" "What have you done for the front?" "All women and adolescents - in the ranks of the labor front" "In wartime, work like a military" "All forces to defeat the enemy!" "I will work for two" Could the child have done anything for the front, you say. Today it is difficult to believe that your peers, having barely learned how to put letters into words, began to help the front on an equal basis with adults. Working in the field, at a military plant, in a hospital, they brought Victory Day closer. Did your grandparents have childhood? If so, how? What games did they play during the war? What did you dream about?

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Once I asked my great-grandfather: - Grandpa, do you remember the Great Patriotic War. As in the war, scary? - During the war, I was small and I did not have to fight, but the memories of how bad our life was then, how we had to work for the front and for victory, how they waited for news from the front from relatives, and after the soldiers returned home - that's me remembered it for all my life, - my grandfather answered me. “Tell me, Grandpa,” I asked. - Well, listen. My great-grandfather's wartime childhood

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I, Shchelchkov Yuri Nikolaevich, was born in 1939. My childhood and teenage years were spent in the village of Malye Trubitsy, Bogorodsky district, located at a distance of 7 km from the district center. Early childhood coincided with the Great Patriotic War. I recall some more vivid episodes of personal life, as well as from the stories of parents.

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I was interested in my grandfather's story. And how did the grandmother's family live at that time? And I decided to ask her about that difficult time. And this is what she told me in her short story:

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During the war and long after it, all the products received in the countryside, collective farms and private farms were confiscated by the state. Horses were the main driving force. The best of them climbed to the front, the rest were unable to carry out agricultural work. Therefore, they used a shovel or the women themselves harnessed to the plow and dragged it. Bread was baked from quinoa, peat and horsetail. The potatoes were obtained on a personal plot. Everyone had cows, so some of the milk remained for themselves - this is how the village survived.

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It was very difficult to live without a dad. Mom was at work all the time, all the work was done by women. On the collective farm, the land was plowed on horses and they were very much taken care of. And at home, people plowed their land themselves: women gathered and harnessed to the plow, there were many of them and dragged the plow, and my grandfather was already old and he held on to the plow and guided it. So they plowed in turn: first at one, then at another, and so on. We lived together.

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Then they received grain, ground it themselves in the mills and baked bread in their ovens. There was little grain, so the bread was baked with grass. We, the children of war, went to the meadows and collected clover heads, called them "gossips." They were dried, rubbed in wooden mortars with pestles or rubbed by hand. They also collected quinoa, horsetail, sorrel, etc. They harrowed collective farm fields on bulls, there were big bulls, they pierced their nostrils, inserted an iron ring to tie the reins to it.

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Childhood years of great-grandmother Nina I was very young when my father left to serve in active service or to pay his debt to the Motherland. Then they served in the army for 3 years. After the army, dad returned home, but did not stay at home for long, since the Finnish war began in March 1939. Dad was taken to the front in the cavalry, and there he was wounded in the leg. He served in the cavalry army until the end of the Finnish War, and then immediately got into the Great Patriotic (German) War. There he fought as part of the Belorussian Front.

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“I, Shchelchkova (Permyakova) Nina Vasilievna, was born in the village of Gurino, Lobansky council, Bogorodsky district, Kirov region on February 23, 1935. Our village was small, only 21 wooden houses, located on the banks of the Andyk river. There were a lot of fish and watermills in the river. For them, the river was dammed up and the water rose. During the war years, the fish in the rivers was of great help. There were many inhabitants in the village, as there were many children in the families.

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We, small children, mostly grazed cattle, sometimes harrowed, transported manure. I went to school in first grade on September 1, 1943. I studied in the village of Loban, which is 4 km from the village of Gurino. In the summer we went home every day, and in the winter we spent the night right at school.

International University Development Fund
NOU secondary school "Rosinka"

Project work

War is not a child's face

Belousov Ivan

6th grade.

Scientific adviser:

Usanova N.P.,

Class educator

Moscow

2007 - 2008

Introduction

In the project "War is not a child's face" we want to show the importance of the participation of children and adolescents in the events of the Great Patriotic War and the factors of growing up of children of the military generation. In memory of those who endured the harsh years of the war on their children's shoulders, helped the country in difficult years, we are the young generation, we want to know more and tell others.

Relevance our work is to study the facts of the participation of children in the harsh years of the war, to clarify the reasons for the rapid maturation from a historical point of view.

Scientific significance consists in studying the facts of the participation of children in the life of the country during the harsh years of the war and the reasons for the rapid growing up from a historical point of view.

Social relevance consists in awakening the interest of the younger generation in the little-known facts of the war.

Personal significance ... We will discover many new, interesting facts from the life of our peers during the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War.

Research object is the Great Patriotic War.

The subject of research is the military childhood of my peers in the years of difficult trials.

Hypothesis: our work is to study literature, eyewitness accounts of those times, will show that the role of children in achieving victory was obvious.

Based on the foregoing, we set ourselves the following goal: to investigate the facts of children's participation in the events of the Great Patriotic War.

To achieve this goal, we put forward the following tasks:

1. 
   Explore the literature on this topic.
2. 
   Conduct a survey among your peers at school.
3. 
   Analysis and synthesis of a selection of material.
4. 
   Draw conclusions.
5. 
   Create a manual for use in history lessons and classroom hours.

Practical significance work: having studied the facts of children's participation in the events of the Great Patriotic War, make a selection of material for use in history lessons and class hours.

Everyone grows up in years of grief.

His soul is suffering. No rest

And along with adults seeks

To do such a thing ... What a surprise!

(language teacher Ozerova V.M.)

Our project is about the fate and participation of our peers in the events of the war. This is material about the heroic deeds of children and adolescents in the rear, at the front and the fate in concentration camps. But Feat does not die!

Every day, the Great Patriotic War, a heroic, victorious war, goes further and further into history! War of the Soviet people against fascism. But - an apparent paradox - the memory of her plays an ever greater role in our life today.

Of course, not just recollections of what was experienced, but comprehension of the lessons of the Great Patriotic War, that priceless, heroic experience and in many respects tragic experience that the people acquired, the experience of socio-historical and spiritual and moral. And, only the memory of the people binds - should bind! - the past with the future. And in this sense, the memories of the participants in the war, sometimes involuntary participants - these are children, are now for us extraordinary ambassadors from the past and present of humanity to its future. Namely, the topic of children's participation in the events of the war is covered only in memoirs.

Children at war. At first glance, there is something unnatural, incompatible in these words. But a lot will become clear if we remember what kind of war the Nazis brought to our land. They themselves called it a "total", universal war, where with the same indifference, ruthlessness and methodology they destroyed both wounded soldiers and unarmed prisoners.

and frail old people, and women and children. Putting aside unread books and school textbooks, the young patriots took up rifles and grenades, became the sons of regiments and partisan scouts. They performed combat missions with dexterity and ingenuity inherent only in childhood. The war took away the home and childhood from the children, and the harsh commanders, violating the instructions, the scanty lines of which did not provide for soldier's tenderness, were enlisted as privates. Their clothes were hastily altered. But boys and girls often showed amazing cunning. And then, having got used to it, they were elusive messengers, excellent shooters, boldly went to reconnaissance, often unexpectedly found themselves in the very heat of battle. They were driven into battle by an irresistible desire to be like real soldiers, to be a Soviet soldier. And the point here is not only in the external similarity, or in the romance of the military uniform, but in essence, in the manifestation of burning hatred for the enemy and genuine love for the Motherland.

Fig. 1. Wounded children in the ward of the Leningrad State Pediatric Institute. Children and war are incompatible concepts. These children suffered from the bombing of the German air force.

Fig. 2 Schoolchildren of the Sineokovsky farm Serezha Zemlyansky, Shura Velichenko, Shura Ivashchenko and Volodya Polomarshchuk collect ammunition and weapons abandoned by the Germans.

Children collected trophies after the battle. We must help our dear Soviet army!

Fig. 3. Children of collective farmers of one of the villages of the Kalinin region in the forest, near the dugout where they lived during the occupation
During the war years, they hid from the Nazis in dugouts. And life continued in cold dugouts.

Children died from bombs and shells, they died of hunger in blockaded Leningrad, they were thrown alive in the houses of Belarusian villages engulfed in fire, they were turned into walking skeletons in Auschwitz and burned in the crematoria of Majdanek. Is it any wonder that in these terrible, woeful years, children grew up so quickly that their hearts hardened early in hatred of the enemy and the hands of adolescents were drawn to arms.

The enemy declared his all-out war on us and received from us a people's, holy war, to which the weak hands of children also contributed.

These were only individual little heroes - sons and daughters of front-line regiments, partisan detachments, underground organizations behind enemy lines. Nevertheless, there were hundreds, maybe even thousands, and many of them went to the mass graves of the front-line soldiers, suffered a painful death in the dungeons of the Gestapo, and died as unknown heroes.

Fig. 4. On the street of a village liberated from the invaders.
Leningrad region, 1944.

And many have passed the military path with honor and now live and work in cities and villages, and their neighbors and acquaintances sometimes do not even suspect what biography behind these still relatively young people.

And in the Great Patriotic War they were little scouts and messengers, young infantrymen, artillerymen, tankmen and sailors - they can rightfully say about themselves “we grew up in a flame, in gunpowder smoke”. Of course, only those who were allowed to grow up by military fate, and did not prematurely end their lives.

About 20,000 pioneers, participants in the defense of the capital of the USSR, were awarded medals "For the Defense of Moscow"

War is not the school where a teenager should be brought up. But those of them who, by the will of fate, went through this school during the years of the struggle against Hitlerism, either in the class of the front, or in the class of partisans, in fact, graduated from a whole "university of life." There is no doubt that they have developed into courageous, strong-willed people, ready to fight any difficulties that a person may encounter on the path of life.

Fig. 5 Gunner A. Oshurko with a young pupil of the guardsmen K. Stepanov

The little fighter took part in a real battle, but this is not his first or last victory!

Fig. 6 6-year-old Tolya Voronov, who went through the combat path from one of the guards divisions. The little hero tells front-line tales. How much - did such a kid have to go through the front lines, or what to do to get this order?

Fig. 7 Honors pupils of the 4th grade of the 47th school of Leningrad, awarded with medals "For the Defense of Leningrad"

There is now a story to tell when, at last, the frontline

girlfriends! And the front-line girlfriends are 10-12 years old! And they will carry this friendship through the years! And they will meet Victory on Red Square on May 9, 1945. And having already matured, on this day they will meet every year in the park near the Bolshoi Theater.

Fig. 8. 15-year-old scout Vova Egorov with soldiers of his unit

Take a look at these boys! Not a single day has he been walking along the front lines with his colleagues! And how much more will be covered until it reaches the fascist lair - Berlin, the Reichstag! Maybe he will sign on its walls?

Fig. 9. Boys in soldier's tunics and their peers in the rear, together with adults, brought victory closer, sparing no effort and life itself.
War. It was a harsh time. But it was also a heroic time. The Great Patriotic War with the Nazi hordes lasted 1418 anxious days and nights. All these 1418 days, along with adults, there were children and adolescents. In these terrible years, children stood in the ranks of fighters - next to their fathers and older brothers to help the country in military and labor affairs for the good of the Great Victory.

Putting aside unread books and school textbooks, the young patriots took rifles and grenades in their hands, became the sons of regiments and partisan scouts, worked tirelessly in the shops of factories and on collective farm fields, inspired by one thought: "Everything for the front, everything for victory!"

Boys in soldier's tunics and their peers in the rear, together with adults, brought victory closer, sparing no effort and life itself. How many of these boys and girls, in tunics and overcoats not in height, defended the Soviet Motherland, which was personified in their red ties and October stars and, of course, in real medals that the children received.

Viti Kiselev Medal.

The Soviet Army drove the Nazis to the west. The village of Ivanovo, Moscow Region, was liberated. On this unforgettable day, pioneer Vitya Kiselev, whose mother died and his father fought at the front, was taken to the Guards regiment.

Vitya became a scout. Once he made his way to the village of Shilovka to collect information about the enemy. The Nazis seized Vitya and began to interrogate him. The young scout did not say a word about his guards unit. Death threatened Vita Kiselev, but at that time Soviet troops broke into the village and freed the sons of the regiment. For his participation in the battles against the fascist invaders, Vitya Kiselev was awarded the medal "For Courage". Moscow region, 1942.

When the current teenager - boy or girl - looks around with his inevitable question "to make life with whom?" So not from the former - the sons and daughters of the regiments? After all, they are an example - a difficult fate, growing up in war conditions, the formation of the character of the future builder of a peaceful post-war life. And they - these teenagers defeated the most terrible enemy, because they believed and lived only by Victory. And then they took an active part in eliminating the post-war devastation. And these boys and girls were building the country.

The highest deed is to live in a deed not for one moment, but for days of months, to live between being and non-being and to pull others out of the abyss. We, in the present, all should be like that - to feel others, to hear ...

Find Leningrad on the map. But why is Leningrad surrounded by black broken crosses? What means? Why did the artist paint them?

Now you will understand.

The broken black cross is a fascist sign. This sign is called "swastika". All the banners of the Nazis had a swastika that looked like a black spider.

Now take another look at the map. You see the brown earth. If the land is painted brown, then it was captured by the Nazis. Therefore, the fascist swastika is painted on the brown ground. And where the Red Army stands, the artist painted red stars.

Do you see how close the enemies came to Leningrad? Now the Nazis could fire from cannons on all Leningrad streets. And you could get to the front by tram.

German radio shouted to the whole world “Leningrad is under siege! Leningrad is under siege! "

Do you know what a blockade is? You see, the enemies didn't just come close to Leningrad. The Nazis managed to surround him. And you cannot leave the surrounded city either by train or by car. And now no one can come to surrounded Leningrad. All paths on land were captured by the Nazis. And when a city is surrounded by enemies, this means that it is under blockade.

Day and night, the Germans bomb and shell Leningrad. The dead fall to the ground and fires blaze.

At the Nuremberg trials, which took place after the war, when the peoples of the world tried the main war criminals - the fascist ringleaders, terrible figures were read.

For 900 days of the blockade, the Nazis threw on Leningrad:

102520 incendiary bombs, 4638 high-explosive, 148478 heavy artillery shells.

Among the civilian population, 16,747 were killed, 33,782 were wounded.

632,253 people died from hunger and cold. They went to bed and did not get up in dark, frozen apartments, fell in the streets, in factories at the machines.

The shops of the Leningrad factories were emptied. Because many workers went to the front. Then women and teenagers came to factories.

The women said: - We will replace our husbands.

And the teenagers said: - We will learn to work on the machines of our fathers and older brothers.

15249 Leningrad pioneers - active participants in the defense of Leningrad received a government award - the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad".

Fig. 10. Take a look at these boys. They are Leningraders. They met at Palace Square in the early days of the world. Two of them were at the front, they defended their city with weapons in their hands. For courage, for bravery, they were awarded medals. The boy in the cap also has medals. He was starving and freezing in besieged Leningrad, extinguishing incendiary bombs with the soldiers, working at a factory - helping to make shells. He was awarded the medal "For the Defense of Leningrad" and the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

Inhuman tests of hunger and cold fell on the fragile children's shoulders in besieged Leningrad. This is evidenced by the diary entries of Tanya Savicheva.

Tanya Savicheva

Tanya Savicheva, a 12-year-old from Leningrad, began keeping her diary a little earlier than Anne Frank, a Holocaust victim. They were almost the same age and wrote about the same thing - the horror of fascism. And these two girls died without waiting for the Victory: Tanya - in July 1944, Anna - in March 1945. The Diary of Anne Frank was published after the war and told the world about its author. "Tanya Savicheva's Diary" was not published, it contains only 7 terrible records about the death of her large family in besieged Leningrad. "Tanya Savicheva's Diary" is exhibited at the Museum of the History of Leningrad (St. Petersburg), a copy of it is in the showcase of the Piskarevsky cemetery memorial, where 570 thousand residents of the city are buried, who died during the 900-day Nazi siege (1941-1943), and Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow. A child's hand, losing strength from hunger, wrote unevenly, sparingly. A fragile soul, struck by unbearable suffering, was no longer capable of living emotions. Tanya simply recorded the real facts of her life - the tragic "visits of death" to her home. And when you read this, you become numb:

"They all died." "There is only Tanya left."

A twelve-year-old girl from Leningrad, Tanya Savicheva, shrilly told people about the war, which brought so much grief to her and her loved ones. Among the accusatory documents against fascism presented at the Nuremberg trials was a small notebook. It has only nine pages. Six of them show dates. And death is behind every date. Six pages - six deaths. Concise, concise recordings. The diary itself is exhibited today in the Museum of History of Leningrad, and a copy of it is in the window of one of the pavilions of the Piskarevskoye Memorial Cemetery, which still stop in front of these lines, carefully drawn by a child's hand, shocked people of different ages and different nationalities peer into simple and terrible words ... It was not possible to save Tanya herself. Even after she was taken out of the besieged city.

140 Leningrad children were brought in August 1942 to the village of Krasny Bor in the Gorky Region. All the Red fighters came out to meet them. They brought the children whoever they could: heels of eggs, a plate of cottage cheese, warm clothes. And the children were - scary to look at - exhausted, sick. For the first time, many were carried to the bathhouse on blankets. But human kindness, healing air did their job. Children grew stronger, rose to their feet. All Leningrad children were left to live. Except for Tanya Savicheva, the girl, exhausted by hunger and suffering, could no longer get up.

Fig. 11. Such announcements hung in Leningrad all 900 days of the siege in shops where bread was handed out on ration cards.

Fig. 12. Blockade children. How much grief and hardship they endured on their fragile shoulders: starving, losing loved ones ?! But they survived! Because they were Soviet children. They lived with the dream of Victory. And she still came!

The patriotic education of the younger generation has always been one of the most important tasks of social organizations. Childhood and youth are the most blessed It’s time to instill a sacred feeling of love for the Motherland. Patriotic feeling does not arise by itself, it is the result of a long, purposeful educational impact on a person, starting from childhood, therefore the problem of moral and patriotic education of young people is becoming one of the most important for our country. It should also not be forgotten that war is one of the most valuable historical experiences and practices in the formation, education and perception of real heroic deeds: self-sacrifice and responsibility for one's family and country. But it is very important for young people that the heroes are their own, easily recognizable, close, and not distant books, then it is easier for young people to relate them to themselves, it is easier to be equal to them. Fewer and fewer are living witnesses of the Great Patriotic War, our grandfathers and grandmothers, whose childhood fell on the war years, remain the last eyewitnesses of those events that can tell the truth about this time without embellishment. Their childhood was not cloudless and happy. In childhood, they learned what hunger and cold, pain, death, suffering are. They worked hard and honestly, restoring the country's economy after the war. They survived, did not break, did not harden, became worthy people. It is on the eve of the 70th anniversary of the Victory that every family of our country remembers their dead, survivors and survivors of this difficult time. This is an important time for the formation of value attitudes, life ideals of young people, the transfer of historical continuity and social experience to new generations. Therefore, our project is more relevant than ever, it is a tribute of deep respect and gratitude to a whole generation - the generation of children of war who are still alive. The novelty and uniqueness of this project is that all the historical moments presented in it are the fates of people living nearby, residents of the city of Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky, this is not just the participation of the older generation in the transmission of the historical truth about this time to young people, but above all the strengthening of social the significance and importance of the older generation today. RATIONALE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT: Historical memory is one of the important sources of patriotic and moral education of the individual. You cannot be a patriot without feeling a personal connection with the Motherland, not knowing how our ancestors, our fathers and grandfathers loved, cherished and protected it. After all, the more the names of its heroes will be remembered by the society, the richer its internal heritage, the stronger its patriotic spirit, the stronger the country. And only through the local history material the younger generation will be able to see the life feat of people living nearby. Meetings with children of the war, recording memories, will allow you to open this time in a new way, look at the war through the eyes of your loved ones, feel their emotions, feelings, understand the significance of the Great Victory for every Russian person. The current generation of schoolchildren will be the last generation to see the "children of war". This project will be an undoubted contribution to the study of the regional aspect of the history of the Great Patriotic War, will provide factual material about the life of Petrovsky residents during the war years. Its implementation will draw the attention of young people to the events of the Great Patriotic War, the history of their small homeland. The special significance of the project is that the result is two-sided and the older generation and children become socially significant units in society. Older people have confidence in the future of their grandchildren, and children have true ideals. PRODUCT OF PROJECT ACTIVITY: -cultural and educational activities (lessons of courage, events-meetings) - publishing activity: collection of memoirs of children of war, newspaper articles, TV programs.

Semenovich Alla Eduardovna
Position: teacher speech therapist
Educational institution: MBDOU kindergarten combined type No. 23 "Alyonushka"
Locality: CITY ESSENTUKI, STAVROPOL REGION
Material name: methodical development
Subject: project "Children of War"
Date of publication: 17.05.2018
Section: preschool education

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution

MBDOU Kindergarten number 23 "Alenushka"

Pedagogical

project

children

preschool

age

"Children

warriors "

Prepared by:

Semenovich A.E.

2018 Nov.

Project passport

Project type: information and research.

Duration of the project: short-term, 1-2 weeks of May.

Project participants: children, parents, educators.

Educational areas:

speech,

socially communicative,

cognitive,

artistic and aesthetic.

Objective of the project: Familiarization of children with the history of the Second World War, with children-heroes of the Second World War,

contribute to the formation of patriotic feelings.

Project objectives:

1. Expand and systematize children's knowledge about the Great Patriotic War.

2. Arouse a feeling of empathy for WWII veterans and children-heroes of the WWII.

3. Organize joint activities of children with parents, educators

on this topic.

4. To give an idea of ​​\ u200b \ u200bthe Victory Day holiday to children.

5. To acquaint with children - heroes of the Second World War.

The intended result is:

Knowledge about the history of the Second World War;

Natural interest in the history of their homeland;

Create handwritten

books Children-heroes of the Second World War.

Educators:

Create a conversation loop

Involving the family in

educational

Parents:

Active members

educational

process.

Relevance:

Patriotic education of the younger generation is one of the most

urgent tasks of our time.

Fostering patriotic feelings must begin with

preschool age, because it is at this stage

the personality of the child is formed. In front of preschool specialists

education, the task is to find the most correct method of introducing

child to socially significant values.

The sociocultural situation of modern society determines

the need to apply innovative forms of work with

preschoolers.

When implementing an educational program, teachers must understand that

love for the Motherland is the highest manifestation of a child's love for his

to parents, relatives and hometown, therefore to form

citizenship is needed starting with small things that children can understand.

Patriotism must be instilled through love for your history

families. In this project, we turn to the theme of the Great

World War II, because it contributes to the connection of generations.

The theme of the Great Patriotic War is extremely relevant in

modern society, contributes to the unification, cohesion of our

people. Victory Day is close and understandable to preschool children,

because it implements a fairly simple, clear idea known to them

according to fairy tales, - the idea of ​​confrontation between good and evil and the final victory

This holiday develops and strengthens the sense of justice in children,

helps to realize your nationality, peculiarity

history of their country, calls to love the Motherland and loved ones.

Preparatory stage:

Definition of the problem, purpose and objectives.

Study of literature, selection of material, finding and establishing

effective communication with parents.

Preparation of a series of conversations about the Second World War.

The main stage:

Working with parents

1. Information in the parent's corner.

2.Excursion to the Glory Monument with children.

Work with children

1. Reading and discussing books about the war.

2. Examination of illustrations.

3. Individual conversations about the war.

5. Learning poems, songs about the war.

6. Show a presentation on the theme: "Children-heroes" of the Second World War.

7. Creation of a series of conversations "Children-heroes" of the Second World War.

8. Application (postcard for veterans).

The final stage:

1. Exhibition of children's creativity.

2. Excursion to the Glory Monument.

3. Exhibition of the chronicle "Children-heroes of the Great Patriotic War".

Loop of conversations

about the great

Patriotic

War

Conversation

"Children - Heroes of the Great Patriotic War"

Objective: To promote respect for the history and memory of the victims

Conversation progress:

You know there was a war

When you were not in the world;

And as long as the country remembered -

There was no such war in the world.

Shell burst, bullets whistle,

The air seemed to be full;

And the terrible word "fascist"

All the children understood at this time.

Those who did not return from the war

To their homes, to their villages

So many that three countries

That was enough for the population

“A heavy crash hit the ground. The light went out instantly. The walls shook. AND

through the deafening howl and roar, the rolling

Moscow time ".

War - how much horror, fear, grief are in this one word.

1941 ...

Nobody called them to fight, but they believed that they should take on

himself an equal measure of responsibility with his elders. In the harsh years of war next to

children stood up as adults. Schoolchildren made money for the defense fund

performed with concerts in front of the wounded in hospitals, collected warm clothes.

The war brought hardships to children. Thousands have shown heroism and courage

guys. Many of them gave their lives for the Victory. Difficult, hungry and

the cold war years are called

military dashing, evil years.

They got it hard for everyone

our people, but especially hard

had little children.

Many children were left orphans, their

fathers died in the war, others

lost their parents during

bombing, still others lost

only relatives, but also from home,

the fourth ended up on

occupied by enemies

territories, the fifth - held captive by

Children are weak

helpless

found themselves facing

face with a cruel,

merciless, angry

by the power of fascism

Volodya Kaznacheev

1941 ... In the spring I graduated from the fifth grade. In the autumn he joined a partisan detachment.

When, together with his sister Anya, he came to the partisans in the Kletnyansky forests, which

Bryansk region, in the detachment they said: "Well, replenishment! .." True, having learned that they are from

Solovyanovki,

Kondratyevna

Kaznacheeva,

partiz and z and n,

to joke

stopped (Elena

Kondratyevna

was killed by the Nazis). In the detachment

"partisan

trained

m and ers,

demolitions.

"excellent"

senior comrades let under

eight

Echelon

Had to

cover up

group

g r a n a t a m i

stopping the pursuers ... he

delivering

the most valuable

intelligence;

waiting for

pasted leaflets. From surgery to

operations

became

more skillful.

partisan

Kzanacheeva

appointed

suspecting

brave

enemy

still a boy. He fought alongside adults until the very day that his own

released

fascist

divided

adults

liberator

Kaznacheev

awarded

"To the partisan

Patriotic

Lara Mikheenko

operation

intelligence

Leningrad schoolgirl Larisa was presented with a government award

Mikheenko. But the Motherland did not manage to present the award to its brave daughter ...

cut the girl off from her hometown:

holiday

Pechenyovo

Pskov

region, but failed to return -

the village was occupied by the Nazis. Dreamed

p and n e rk a

in y r v a t with i

Hitler's slavery, get to

his own. And one night with two

senior

girlfriends

villages. At the headquarters of the 6th Kalininskaya

commander

Ryndin at first refused to accept

small ":

them partisans! But what a lot

g r a w d a n e! "

Girls

it turned out

ud and v a l o s b

s i l n s

men. Disguised in rags, Lara walked through the villages, finding out where and

how the guns are located, the sentries are placed, which German vehicles are moving

on the highway, what kind of trains and with what cargo they come to Pustoshka station.

She also participated in military operations ... a young partisan, betrayed by a traitor

Ignatovo,

shot.

rewarding

Mikheenko

Patriotic

"Posthumously".

Vitya Korobkov

paint.

rocky

tried

remember it, and then draw in

notebook

curved

corners.

paint

Crimean

boys.

artist.

fast,

only,

quick-witted

was born and raised in Feodosia. It

was twice rewarded with a ticket to

pioneer

"Artek".

acted

underground,

Vitya became its participant. Once Vitya

picked up

German

p r about p at with k,

with

typography.

scout passes were printed. Vitya drove a hoop down the street: it seems

played, and he himself noticed tanks in shelters, machine guns, where and how many were located

German

conveyed

partisans.

Shot

courage ”.

Arkady Kamanin

He dreamed of the sky when he was still quite

boy.

Petrovich Kamanin, pilot, participated in

rescuing the Chelyuskinites, for which he received

Soviet

why the boy's heart burns. But

said:

grow up.

started

went to work at an aircraft factory,

aerodrome

used

climb up

sky. Experienced pilots, even if only

some

happened

trusted

him to fly the plane. Once upon a time enemy

The pilot was blinded. Losing consciousness, he managed to transfer control to Arkady, and

the boy landed the plane at his airfield. After that, Arkady was allowed

seriously study flight, and soon he began to fly on his own. once

padded

fascists.

Arkady landed with the strongest mortar fire, carried the pilot into his

the plane, took off and returned to his own. The order shone on his chest

Red Star. For participation in battles with the enemy, Arkady was awarded the second

Order of the Red Star. By that time he had already become an experienced pilot, although

fifteen

fought

fascists. The young hero dreamed of the sky and conquered the sky! Went through the whole war.

He has two Orders of the Red Star and the Order of the Red Banner.

Valya Zenkina

The Brest Fortress was the first to take the blow of the enemy. Bombs exploded, shells,

crumbling

fortress, and in the city of Brest. From the first

minutes Valin's father went into battle. Left and

did not return, died a hero, like many

defenders

Brest

fortress.

Fascists forced Valya under fire

wade

fortress,

transfer to

defenders

demand

fortress

made my way

told

atrocities

fascists,

explained

o r u d and I,

u k a z a l a

location

stayed

to help

bandaged

collecting

brought them to the fighters. There was not enough water in the fortress, it was divided by a sip. Drink

wanted painfully, but Valya refused her sip again and again: water

command

Brest

fortresses

remove children and women from under the fire, transport them to the other side of the Mukhavets river

- there was no other way to save their lives, - little nurse Valya

Zenkina asked to leave her with the soldiers. But an order is an order, and then she

swore

proceed

held back. Various tests fell to her lot. But she held out. I survived. AND

she continued her struggle already in the partisan detachment. She fought bravely, on a par with

adults. For courage and courage she was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

Valya Kotik

Khmelevka

Shepetovsky

Khmelnytsky region. He studied at school No. 4 in the city of Shepetovka, was recognized

leader of the pioneers, their peers. When the fascists broke into Shepetivka,

Valya Kotik, together with her friends, decided to fight the enemy. The guys collected on the spot

fighting weapons, which were then transported by the partisans on a cart with hay to the detachment.

Looking closely

boy,

partisans

entrusted

scout

underground

organizations.

location

enemy

outlined

punitive

operation

partisan,

tracking down

Hitler's

the head of the punishers, killed him ... When the arrests began in the city, Valya together

with his mother and brother Victor went to the partisans. The boy who is just

turned

fourteen

fought

adults,

liberating

enemy

echelons,

blown up on the way to the front. Valya Kotik was awarded the Order of the Patriotic

war of the 1st degree, the medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" of the 2nd degree. Valya

Kitty died as a hero in February 1944 in the city of Izyaslavl, defending a warehouse

ammunition. The motherland posthumously honored him with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

Nina Kukoverova

Every summer Nina and her younger ones

little brother

all the line

took out from Leningrad to the village

Unscrew,

milk ... Rumble, explosions, flames and

collapsed

even

pioneers

Kukoverova.

fascists Nina became a partisan

scout.

remembered

reported

tree

settled down

punitive

approaches

blocked,

scouts

get through. Nina volunteered to go.

For fifteen kilometers it walked on a snow-covered plain, in a field. Did not pay

the fascists' attention to the chilled, tired girl with a sack, and from her attention

nothing was hidden - not the headquarters, not the fuel depot, not the location of the sentries. AND

when the partisan detachment set out at night, Nina walked next to the commander

as a scout, as a guide. Fascist warehouses flew into the air that night,

the headquarters flared up, the punishers fell, slain by the fierce fire. More than once I went to

pioneer,

awarded

"To the partisan

Patriotic

Posthumously

awarded the Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree.

Lyonya Golikov

Grew up in the village of Lukino, on the shore

legendary

Ilmen Lake.

When his native village was captured

enemy, the boy went to the partisans.

intelligence,

brought

intelligence

guerrilla

enemy

crumbling

enemy warehouses were burning ...

his life is the battle that Lenya fought

fascist

general.

abandoned

boy, hit the car. Of

got out

nazi

briefcase in hand and, firing back, rushed to run. Lenya follows him. Nearly

kilometer he pursued the enemy and finally killed him. The portfolio turned out to be very

documentation.

partisan

immediately

forwarded

by plane

Moscow. There were many more battles in his short life! And the young man never wavered

a hero who fought shoulder to shoulder with adults. He died near the village of Ostraya

Luka in the winter of 1943, when the enemy was especially fierce, feeling that he was burning under

partisan Lena Golikov with the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In Novgorod stands

a monument to this young hero.

Zina Portnova

Leningrad

pioneer Zina Portnova in the village

Zuya where she came for the holidays

- this is not far from the Obol station

Vitebsk region. Oboli was

underground

Komsomol

youth

organization

avengers ", and Zina was elected a member of

committee.

participated

daring operations against the enemy, in

d i ve r s and i x,

r a s r about s t r a n y l a

leaflets on the instructions of the partisan

intelligence.

d e c a b r b

returning from the assignment. In the village

traitor.

grabbed

partisan

silence

contempt

hatred,

determination

fight to the end. During one of the interrogations, choosing the moment, Zina grabbed from

a pistol and a point-blank shot at the Gestapo. Officer who ran into the shot

tried

overtook

Brave

pioneer

tortured

the last

remained steadfast, courageous, unbending. And the Motherland posthumously noted

her feat with her highest title - the title of Hero of the Soviet Union

Vitya Khomenko

Your heroic way of fighting

Nazi pioneer Vitya Khomenko

passed in an underground organization

"Nikolaev Center". ...At school

German

" excellent "

p o d p o l l u and k and

hand and l and

u s t r o and t with i

officer

dining room.

happened

served

officers in the hall and listened

to their conversations. In drunken arguments

blurted out

intelligence,

interested in

"Nikolaevsky

Fast,

smart boy officers

began to send errands, and

soon they became a messenger

at the headquarters. It never occurred to them that the most secret packages were the first

read by the underground members at the turnout ... Together with Shura Kober, Vitya received an assignment

cross the front line to establish contact with Moscow. In Moscow, at the headquarters

partisan

movement,

reported

setting

told

watched along the way. Back in Nikolaev, the guys delivered to the underground

radio transmitter, explosives, weapons. Again, a fight without fear and hesitation. five

December 1942, ten members of the underground were seized by the Nazis and executed.

Among them are two boys - Shura Kober and Vitya Khomenko. They lived as heroes and

died as heroes. Order of the Patriotic War 1 degree - posthumously -

Motherland awarded her fearless son.

Children of war

- the most ordinary boys and girls. The hour has come -

they showed how huge a small child's heart can become when

there is love for the Motherland and hatred for its enemies. Their matured childhood was

filled with

heavy

tests,

come up with

a talented writer, it would be difficult even to believe in them. But it was, it was in

history of our country. And this must not happen again.

War is not a place for children!

There are no books or toys here.

The explosions of mines and the roar of cannons

And a sea of ​​blood and death.

War is not a place for children!

The child needs a warm home

And mothers are affectionate hands,

And a look filled with good

And lullaby songs sounds.

And Christmas tree lights

A fun ride from the mountain,

Snowballs and skis and skates

And not orphanhood and suffering !!!

Conversation

THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR

Purpose: to acquaint children with the concept of the Great Patriotic War.

were born

are called

participated

human .

The second

World War

continued

september

Germany's attack on the Soviet Union was unexpected. The blow has been struck

of unknown power. Hitler attacked the Soviet Union (This was the name of our

Fatherland) immediately on a large space - from the Baltic Sea to the Carpathian

mountains (almost along our entire Western border). His troops crossed our border.

Thousands and thousands of guns opened fire on peacefully sleeping villages and cities,

enemy aircraft began bombing railways, railway stations, and airfields. For war

Germany

prepared

huge

transform

the population of our homeland into slaves and make them work for Germany, wanted

destroy science, culture, art, prohibit education in Russia. Long

the bloody war continued for years, but the enemy was defeated. A great victory,

which our

forever became a great date. Millions died for this happy day

man fighting for the freedom of Russia and the whole world. We will never forget those who

burned in tanks, who rushed from the trenches under a hurricane of fire, who lay down

to the embrasure, who did not regret his life and overcame everything. Not for the sake of awards, but for the sake of

work

happy! The names of the heroes of the Great

World War II.

Conversation

Why is the war called Great

Patriotic?

continue

meet

events

exploits

DOMESTIC

humanity. The word "great" means very big, huge, huge. IN

in fact, the war captured a huge part of the territory of our country, in it

tens of millions of people participated, it lasted four long years, and the victory

in it demanded from our people tremendous exertion of all physical and

spiritual forces. It is called the Patriotic War because this war -

fair, aimed at protecting their Fatherland. To fight the enemy

our whole huge country has risen! Men and women, the elderly, even

children forged victory in the rear and on the front lines. Now you know that one of the most

cruel

bloody

was called

World War II. The victory of the Red Army in this war is the main event in

Attack

Of Germany

Soviet

unexpected. In these June days, tenth graders graduated from school, in schools

graduation balls were held. Boys and girls in light smart clothes

danced, sang, met the dawn. They made plans for the future, dreamed of

foreign

spoke

attack

fascist

Germany.

school uniform, put on overcoats and went straight from school to the war,

became fighters of the Red Army. Soldiers who served in the Red Army,

called the Red Army. Every day, the echelons took the fighters to the front. Everything

the peoples of the Soviet Union rose to fight the enemy! But in 1941 the people

I wanted to help my country in trouble! Both young and old

rushed to the front and enlisted in the Red Army. Only in

the first days of the war, about a million people signed up! At the recruiting offices

were going

aspired

protect

Fatherland!

the scale of human sacrifice and destruction, this war surpassed all wars,

who were on our planet. A huge number of people were destroyed.

More than 20 million soldiers were killed on the fronts in combat operations. During the Second

half

great date - VICTORY DAY over Fascist Germany.

Conversation

VICTORY DAY HOLIDAY

On the way to the Great Victory of the Russian people, there were also defeats in battles and

Fascist

liberation

Russian

major

is an

signing

unconditional

surrender

fascist

Germany

winning countries

(Great Britain,

Soviet

defeated

Of Germany

solemnly

celebrate

is an

a public holiday dedicated to Victory Day. On this day people

work,

congratulate

veterans

celebrating.

the bloody war continued, but the enemy was defeated, and Germany signed the act

happy

millions

fighting

freedom of Russia and the whole world. We will never forget those who burned in tanks, who

rushed out of the trenches under a hurricane of fire, who lay with their chest on the embrasure, who did not

regretted his life and overcame everything. Not for the sake of awards, but for the sake of us,

guys could live, study, work and be happy! In the memory of the people

The names of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War are preserved forever. Alexander

Sailors

donated

embrasure

enemy

Alexander

Sailors

comrades.

Karbyshev, finding himself in the clutches of the enemy, did not surrender, did not betray the Fatherland and was cruel

tortured by the Nazis. After much torture, they took him out naked into the bitter frost.

and poured water until the general turned into an ice statue. Young

partisan Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya was brutally tortured by the Nazis, but not

betrayed her comrades in arms. Heroes of the Great Patriotic War are very

lot. But the names of many thousands of soldiers who performed feats and gave their lives for

stayed,

folk

memory of them, in many cities, where fierce battles were fought, there are graves

Unknown

memorials

monuments ...

fire ”, flowers are laid to them by those whose peaceful life they have defended in battles. No one

not forgotten, nothing is forgotten! Great victory Great war victory We must not

forget! In the battles, the grandfathers defended the Sacred Motherland. She sends to battle

The best of their sons. She helped with prayer And her righteous faith. IN

great war victory We must not forget, For us grandfathers defended And life, and

people with bouquets of flowers took to the streets of the capital. People were laughing, crying

strangers hugged each other. It was, in fact, a holiday for all the people.

rejoiced

the greatest

mourned

dead.

slender

winners.

defeated

threw them on the cobblestones of the ancient square. Women, children, youth and the elderly

met

brave

hugged, congratulated on the victory. On this day on the Red Square of the capital

a solemn parade of troops took place, and in the evening the sky over Moscow flashed

truly

nationwide

triumph!

blossom

smiles

joy, lush bouquets of flowers and bright balls, the solemn

memorable

Poklonnaya

Unknown Soldier, veterans are gathering on the square in front of the Bolshoi Theater

front-line soldiers. Their chests are adorned with orders and medals received for deeds.

in the Great Patriotic War. They share with us their grateful

descendants, stories about the dashing wartime, meet with their fighting

friends. Celebrations are held in all cities of Russia! The years go by. Already

sixty years have passed since the Great Victory. Alas! Veterans

are old, many of them are over eighty years old. Live participants

there is less and less war. Dear friends! We will be grateful to them for

the fact that they won in a fierce battle with the enemy, defended their native land for us

worthy

great-grandfathers!

scale

loss of life and destruction The Great Patriotic War surpassed all

wars that have been on our planet. A huge amount was destroyed

of people. More than 20 million soldiers were killed on the fronts in combat operations. During

World War II killed about 55 million people, of which almost half -

citizens of our country. The horror and loss of World War II united people

in the fight against fascism, and therefore the great joy of victory seized in 1945

year not only Europe, but the whole world. In the battles for their homeland, Soviet soldiers

showed amazing courage and fearlessness. The battle was fought for every piece

celebrating

fascist Germany. This is how the war veteran recalls this day “There was a day

Victory. It is truly a joy with tears in my eyes. Everybody jumped out

dugouts because shooting all around. But then there were shouts: "The war is over!"

All strangers to each other, strangers, hugging, crying, laughing. " By fire from

thousands of guns, machine guns, machine guns, rifles, like a salute, marked our

warriors end of the great war. And then there was an amazing silence. No one

shot ... This peaceful silence was so awaited by millions of people, already accustomed to

bombing,

Listen,

met

turned out

near

German city.

First day of the world

Fragrant thick silence

Neither a shot sounds nor an explosion.

The war ended this morning

And even though there is a stranger around

I miraculously survived, I am alive!

Friends I remembered those who never

Will not come out at the hour of dawn

for older preschool children

Municipal budgetary preschool educational institution kindergarten "Cheburashka"

Senior educator: Kozlovskaya Valentina Ivanovna, the highest qualification category,

Address: p. Plesetsk, Arkhangelsk region

Project model of civic education of preschoolers:

(Children of the Great Patriotic War)

Annually the celebration of the significant date - May 9 will be held in different socio-economic and cultural conditions than 10 or even more than 20 years ago. Over the years, changes have affected all aspects of the life of every person living in our country. The country has changed, the attitude of citizens to the idea of ​​patriotism has changed. There are fewer and fewer veterans left who can tell children about that heroic Victory.

New concepts have appeared in our perception of the world - terrorism, tolerance, culture of peace; the words democracy, citizenship, patriotism were filled with a different meaning. Children hear such words, try to understand these concepts with the help of adults, and on their own, drawing information from television programs, films, magazines. The life of adults in a changing world has become more complicated and difficult, filled with fear for the life and health of children, which the children themselves cannot but feel.

How to help preschoolers first understand and then accept the values ​​of non-violence, peace, how to teach them to resist war, terrorism, violence in all its manifestations? Kindergarten teachers are trying to answer this question, working on the topic "Raising a Little Citizen" .

We are convinced that adults, teachers and parents of preschoolers living in our Plesetsk land, continuing the traditions of their heroic ancestors, as well as the defenders of hero cities, will be able to make the necessary contribution to the education of Russian citizens. They will help children in learning about the history, culture of the village and the region.

The words of N.A. Dobrolyubova: “Reasonable upbringing requires that at a very early age, even before children become well aware of themselves, the desire for everything good, true, beautiful and noble should be instilled in them; they, as it were, instinctively have to get used to the moral life at this time ... " .

Both in the past and now, domestic and foreign researchers emphasize: the child is brought up by the activity that gives him joy, has a positive moral impact, harmoniously develops mental and physical abilities. (H. Lytton, A. V. Zaporozhets, S. A. Kozlova, etc.)... A child cannot independently organize such activities. An adult must do this. It depends on him how a person will enter life from childhood.

We see a new approach in the use of modern humanitarian technologies. It is important for the child to provide such an education that will allow him to be a subject of activity. To implement the principle of the optimal relationship between developmental processes, deterministic actions of an adult, and self-development processes allows design technology focused on unique relationships "Child - adult" , which are based on complicity in activities.

The design technology used by us in solving the problems of civic education of a preschooler will provide results that differ from traditional ones. We are convinced that the use of this technology makes it possible to develop the child's inner activity, the ability to set goals, gain knowledge using different methods, and arrive at results.

Project type:

• by the method - information and research;
• by content - "Child - Society and Its Cultural Values" ; child-adult, child - the subject of design;
• open - in the preschool educational institution and beyond;
• frontal; average duration.

RELEVANCE:

The upbringing of patriotic feelings must begin from preschool age, because it is at this stage that the child's personality is formed. The preschool education specialists are faced with the task of finding the most correct method of introducing a child to socially significant values. The socio-cultural situation of modern society makes it necessary to apply innovative forms of work with preschoolers.

Carrying out educational work, teachers must understand that love for the Motherland is the highest manifestation of a child's love for his parents, relatives and hometown, the village, therefore, citizenship needs to be formed starting with small things that children understand.

PROBLEM. Get insight into military childhood (WWII), about the life and fate of the children of war.

PURPOSE: to improve the moral and patriotic education of children based on the study of the history of their family, native village and country (instill in children love and respect for the history of their family, village and country).

TASKS:

Children:

• respect and pride for people who defended their city, settlement, village and contributed to their development;
• together with adults, they are looking for information about the children of the war in the village of Plesetsk, they are able to convey it to their peers;
• showing interest in visiting the museum, the library of the village, communicating with the specialists of the cultural institution;
• understanding the importance of these institutions for citizens, preservation of historical and cultural heritage;
• reflection of the impressions received (independently and together with adults) in various types of artistic and productive activities (drawings, stories, poems).

Teachers:

• orientation of specialists of cultural institutions to the psycho-physical capabilities of preschoolers and taking into account the amount of information that can be perceived by them;
• assistance to the museum and library staff in the selection of information about the children of war in the settlement of Plesetsk and the Plesetsk region;
• creating motivation among parents to preserve family traditions and the birth of new ones, including pride in their family;
• orientation of parents to familiarizing children with the culture and history of the village.

Parents:

• acquaintance of children with interesting information about the history of their native village;
• maintaining children's interest in the historical past, assistance in finding the necessary information about citizens (including relatives) those who survived a war childhood;
• development of children's attention to the emotional world of a person;
• acceptance of the help of teachers and specialists in the knowledge of the history and culture of the village;
• maintaining authority in the family;
• assistance to the kindergarten in organizing meetings, excursions to the museum.

MATERIAL:

• illustrations and photographs of children who experienced joy, interest, fear, anger;
• visual material (paints, pencils, paper, brushes, markers, etc.).

Stage 1. The birth of a problem

The teacher brings photographs of children to the group (color photos - children of the world, black and white - children of war), preceding their consideration with an emotional story. Shows children color photos. Asks:

“What can you tell us about the children in the color photographs? What feelings are they experiencing? Why do you think so? " .

Children look at the photos and give answers:

"Beautiful children; happy; smart; funny; smiling, etc. " .

For comparison, children are invited to consider black and white photographs showing children during the Great Patriotic War:

“Can these children be called happy? Why?" .

Examples of children's answers: “Unhappy, because it’s immediately obvious that after the war. Crying, sad, unhappy, dirty, hungry, scared. Their mood is not sunny. They don't look like children in color photographs at all. " .

The teacher continues: "Why are people fighting?" .

Answers: “They want them to have more land. Because there are just evil people. They want to show how strong they are. They want to rule the world. When there was a war, did the Germans fight us to make us their slaves? What happened to the children? " .

The teacher talks about his native village during the war years, about suffering and courage, about how the children were waiting for their fathers, brothers from the front. Thinking about where you can learn more about the warriors and children of war. Reflection leads to the following statements:

“Read it in the newspapers. You can hear it on TV, my grandmother and I were already listening, and grandmother was crying. Ask parents to tell. You can go to the library. Go to the museum. You can invite adults who fought in the kindergarten, as well as those who were small during the war years " .

The teacher suggests thinking more, consulting with parents, grandparents and making a choice, identifying sources of information.

The next day, questions to the children: “Where can we get clearer and more complete information about the warriors and children of war? (in newspapers, in a museum, where special people work and know about everything. It is better to go to the museum, the museum is always interesting " ).

After choosing the children of the museum as a source of knowledge about the history of the village, he turns to the museum workers for help.

Stage 2. Visit to the village museum

Meeting with the director of the museum.

Stage 3. Reflection of the received impressions in educational activities

Capture in drawings, stories, poems, etc. (if you wish, ask your parents for help)... Celebration dedicated to Victory Day, games.

Stage 4. Preparing to meet with war veterans and children

The teacher reminds the children that they will meet with war veterans and children - the main witnesses of those terrible events.

Stage 5. Meeting children with war veterans and children

The teacher welcomes and introduces to his pupils the guests - veterans and children of the war who came to the meeting. Appeals to preschoolers: "How do we know about those times that were before?"

Children call:

• watched movies;
• heard on TV;
• grandparents told;
• went to a museum, library;
• saw monuments and inscriptions on them;
• saw the eternal flame at the obelisk.

Teacher's question: "Why is the fire eternal?" (Because it never goes out. Because people remember who died. The fire of love for our Motherland. Because people died in the war, and this is bad. And as long as everyone remembers, there will be no war).

A. Smirnov "Who was in the war"

My daughter once turned to me:
- Dad, tell me who was in the war?
- Great-grandfather Alyosha in cold winter
He fought with enemies near Moscow itself.

Grandpa Lenya - a military pilot -
in the sky drove a combat plane.
Grandpa Zhenya was a paratrooper.
He did not like to remember the war

and answered my questions:
- The battles were too hard.
Grandma Sonya worked as a doctor,
lives saved fighters under fire.

Great-grandfather Arkady died in the war.
All have served their homeland completely.
Many people did not return from the war.
It's easier to answer who was not there.

The invitees share their memories, impressions of the days they lived through during the war:

• “When I was little, I loved to draw, but we didn’t have beautiful paints, and we drew with chalk or charcoal, and good pencils and pens were only for school. Like all children, we played different games, went hiking, and in the evening we liked to gather around a campfire in someone's yard and tell different stories.

But one day a disaster struck, and everyone at the school was informed that the war had begun. Passers-by spoke about it on the street, and announced on the radio many, many times. We listened to the conversations of the elders and thus learned different news. For example, that the fascists want to conquer the capital of our homeland, Moscow, and turn all people into slaves. We also talked a lot about the war, gathered in the attics of houses and told each other the news. I hated the fascists for destroying everything. It was very difficult for us, we had to get food, bread, cook stew, heat the oven, my mother was at work, and we ran with the boys from neighboring houses and looked for food. "

• “All children whose parents died were gathered together and sent to orphanages. We lived there until the end of the war. In the orphanage, I dreamed that when the war ends and the fascists are driven away, I will paint a large, very large picture, which will depict a large beautiful city with green alleys, a large park and there will certainly be merry-go-rounds, bright flower beds. " .
• S.Ya. Marshak "A boy from the village of Popovka"

Among the drifts and funnels
In a village destroyed to the ground
The child stands with his eyes closed -
The last citizen of the village.

The scared kitten is white,
Fragments of the stove and pipe -
And that's all that survived
From the previous life and the hut.

White-headed Petya stands
And cries like an old man, without tears,
He lived in the world for three years,
And what he learned and endured.

They burned his hut in front of him,
They hijacked mom from the yard,
And in a hastily dug grave
The murdered sister lies.

Do not let go, fighter, rifles,
Until you take revenge on the enemy
For the blood shed in Popovka,
And for the child in the snow.

• The story about the great-grandfather Shubin N.F. “During the Second World War, my grandfather took part in a mobile aviation workshop. She repaired the engines of fighters that fought in the sky during the Battle of Kursk and the crossing of the Dnieper. He repaired the engine of the plane, on which the pilot shot down 9 German planes in battle " .
• The story about the great-grandfather of Loginov P.F. “He fought in the Far East in a cannon artillery brigade. Awards: medal "For the victory over Japan" , "For Valor and Courage" , "25 years of Victory" , "50 years of the Armed Forces" .
• The story about the hero of the Soviet Union, our fellow countryman Ptitsyn A.N. “In October 1943, a rifle regiment approached the Dnieper. It was necessary to cross to the right bank. Ptitsyn was walking with the vanguard. Tie a raft? But he unmasks the crossing, and it is not safe to sail on a raft. A log was pushed into the water with a young fighter. With one hand holding on to it, and with the other, rowing on the water, they swam.

It is difficult for a clothed swimmer to swim, besides, the water is cold, the legs cramp, the boots pull down. Moreover, the current blows away. But it’s not easier for others, sailing on logs, either. Here the legs touched the bottom, it became calmer in my soul: "Swam" ... And the body was pounding from the cold.

At dawn, the Nazis discovered the appearance of the Red Army on the right bank of the Dnieper, opened fire on them from machine guns and mortars, then from artillery pieces. A battle broke out. The squad leader was seriously wounded in battle. Andrey Ptitsyn got up. Taking command of himself, he shouted: "Forward!" ... Not only the squad rose, but the platoon. Burst into enemy trenches. Ptitsyn personally destroyed up to a dozen fascists. Seeing how a seasoned soldier behaves bravely in battle, not bowing to every bullet, the attacking fighters boldly rushed to the second line of enemy trenches and knocked out the Germans. Andrei Nikolaevich Ptitsyn was awarded the rank of sergeant and Hero of the Soviet Union. "

Statements of children:

• “War is murder. In war they shoot, blow up grenades, bombs, people die. When they told us about the war, I got scared. I didn't think it was that scary. I don't want there to be a war! " .
• “War is when some people attack others. Some are shooting, throwing bombs and want to seize the land. And those who were attacked defend their land and their borders " .
• “War is bad. Evil people need to understand that they are doing wrong. If they were attacked, they would feel bad. Therefore, one should not do badly to others. Dads go to the war, but mothers and children stay at home " .
• “War is grief, because people are being killed there. My great-grandmother was in the war. But he doesn't say anything about the war, he says it's scary " .
• “War is when people shoot, my mother told me. I don't like the war, they kill there. I would like people to live and never die. " .
• “I don’t want there to be a war. You can play war with toy pistols, but I don't want a real war - many people are killed there. I want people to live happily " .
• “War is sad, they shoot there. The child is worried about the mother, and the mother is worried about the child, because they are afraid that they will be killed. I do not want to fight, I will have a child too. I would like people to live happily ever after without war. " .

RESOURCES:

Personnel (specialists):

• educators
• music directors
• head of physical education.

Equipment, materials:

• multimedia projector
• notebook
• record player
• demo material
• attachments to the project.

PROJECT BUDGET AND COMMENTS TO IT:

Additional funds are not required during the project implementation.

PROJECT STAFF:

F.I. O., position, qualification of a specialist Functions performed in the project

Kozlovskaya V.I., senior educator, the highest qualification category, guidance of preparation for visiting the museum and meeting with veterans;

ICT preparation

Educators of senior and preparatory groups direct educational activities

Druganina N.M., Furtikova L.V., musical directors implementation of the educational field "Music"

Zykova L.V., head of physical education, the first qualification category implementation of the educational area "Physical education"

Pirozhkina Y.A., chairman of the parent committee assistance in the implementation of the project (in preparing information, meeting with museum staff)

PROJECT RESULTS:

• The activity of children has increased.
• The level of knowledge of children has increased when summing up the results of work in the final lessons (educational activities, independent activities of children)... The project allowed children to formulate clear ideas about the phenomenon of war. The conducted research and analysis of children's statements showed the formation of a picture of war in children, in which the past and the present are combined.
• The level of parental activity has increased.
• An album with children's drawings has been created "War through the eyes of children" .
• Photo video created "Children and War" .
• Video "Holiday in kindergarten dedicated to Victory Day" .
• Compiled a cycle of thematic conversations-stories for classes with children "Towards Victory Day" .
• A manual for teachers with practical materials has been issued "Our area in the Great Patriotic War" .

LIST OF WORKING AND REPORTING DOCUMENTATION:

• given in the appendix