Four types of hippocratement temperament: general characteristics

Types of hippocratement temperament - The oldest of psychological typologies. Phlegmatic, choleric, Sanguine and Melancholic - these words are familiar even to those who are very far from psychology. Meanwhile, at different times the assessment system of the characteristics of a person was tried to draw up many psychologists, psychiatrists and physiologists. At the same time, each allocated its properties and features of the person's temperatures and, in accordance with this, made an emphasis on different traits.

For example, Karl Jung and Hansa Eisenek considered the identity from the point of view of the psychological installation and shared people on introverts and extroverts, Ernst Krechremer believed that the character depends on the physique and allocated asthenics, athletics and picnics, and Aristotle considered 6 types responsible for questions "Who ? "," What? "," Why? "," When? "," How? " and where?". However, it is the hippocratic teaching about the types of temperament for more than two millennia remains the main typology of man. As is known, an ancient Greek doctor and healer highlighted 4 types of human temperament: Sanguine, choleric, phlegmatic and melancholic. Consider the features and features of personalities belonging to different types, and how general hippocrates came to this separation of temperaments.

The concept of hippocratic temperament

According to the theory of hypocratic, temperament - These are the peculiarities of human behavior associated with the predominance of one or another liquid (life juice) in its body. Depending on this, according to a scientist, certain features were characteristic of personality. Scientist believed that high concentration of lymphic makes the identity of calm and balanced, yellow bile - unrestrained and impulsive, blood - cheerful and movable, black bile - Melancholic and sad. Based on this concept, were allocated 4 types of temperamentwho are widely fame to this day, - phlegmatic, choleric, sanguine and melancholic.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Russian scientist Ivan Pavlov connected the types of hippocratement temperament with the common properties of nervous processes and proved that each person has a congenital type of nervous system, weakly dependent on education and exposure to others. Under the physiological basis of each of temperaments, he understood the type of higher nervous activity, which is determined by the ratio of equilibrium, the strength and mobility of brake and excitory processes. Thus, Sanguins, in his opinion, belong to a strong, movable and balanced type, and melancholys - to weak, with a weak force of excitation and braking processes.

4 Type temperament: description and main features of phlegmatics, cholerics, Sanguines and melancholics

Let us give a brief description of the types of human hippocratement temperament (with complete you can get acquainted in the relevant articles).

Meet a person with a "pure" type of hippocratement temperament almost impossible - Each of us is a specific sanguine mix, choleric, phlegmatics and melancholic. As a rule, one of the types prevails, and others, respectively, are less pronounced, up to minimum values. If a person took about 25% of each of the four types of temperament, then such a person is called tetraverte (from Greek. Tetra - four).

Temperament and character

Often concept "Temperament" is identified with character. But the classification of which psychologist would not be considered, it is incorrect
point of view. Of course, the relationship between the character and temperament is present, but these concepts mean not one and about the same. So, temperament is given to man by nature and throughout life if it changes, then slightly, and the nature is formed and transformed all the time. People with the same temperament may have a completely different character, which is associated with the effects of society, upbringing, profession, interests, hobbies. Yes, and imagine how all people would look like if we all had only 4 types of character with small differences.