The concept of motivation, its role in human life

Each person comes to this world with his.
He should strive for her.
Only in this case
A person's life takes meaning.

All dreams do not matter, all plans will cover the web, the goals will not be achieved if they are not consolidated by their actions. Is it possible to get to the right place, having just a map, but not moving? Is the most strict and fair law be able to stop the criminal who only heard about him? Is there some kind of knowledge in order to become? Only the action can lead to a person, only the action will prevent the crime, and it also affects our entire life. And what prompts the action of a person and is called "motivation".

Definition

What is motivation? To have at least the slightest idea of \u200b\u200bsuch a concept as motivation, we will deal with its definition. Latin "Muvere" (moving) gives the definition of the word "motive", which is the derivative of the word "motivation".

Thus, you can give several options for the concept of this word:

prompting to action;
the psycho-physiological process, managing human behavior, asking its direction, organization, activity and sustainability.
a combination of prompting factors determining human activity.

Specialists disagree in their opinions about what motivation is. Some believe that this is a combination of processes, and for other sets of motives determines motivation.
The motive is a material subject, the desire to which determines the meaning of actions. For people, this is expressed in anxiety or experiences, which can later be caused both positive (in the case of the subject) and negative (with dissatisfaction with the position) of emotions.

An example may be a desire caused by hunger. A person seeks to get food in order to satisfy his desire. Positive emotions causes the goal is close, and negative - if such an opportunity is not foreseen in the near future, in this case dissatisfaction appears.

Motivation species

Motivation is a concept that is considered in many aspects, therefore it is divided into the following types:

External motivation is due to human activity, depending on the circumstances. As, for example, the need to participate in competitions for promotion or reward. External motivation methods successfully enjoy employers;
Motivation internal implies a person's desire to act on the result, regardless of the circumstances. That is, a person, due to its inner potential, follows to the goal. An example of internal motivation may be a person's desire to improve living standards by moving through a career ladder;
Positive motivation is that a person acts to meet his or someone's desires;
Negative motivation includes actions in order to avoid trouble, regardless of the desire to perform them. For example, to avoid a quarrel with parents, you need to get out in the house;
Sustainable motivation is based on human needs, such as hunger, thirst, or the desire to relax;
Unstable motivation should be focused on constant external support. An example is the desire to lose weight or quit smoking.

The last two types of motivation are divided into subspecies: for something (the desire to do something per person) or from something (in order to avoid difficulties). Consider examples:

the head of the enterprise requires excellent knowledge and free possession of a foreign language to receive in the future highly paid position. This is a perspective activity;
compliance with the rules, utter attention and respect for other traffic participants will avoid tragedies on the roads. These are actions to avoid trouble.

Minor species

In addition to the main types of motivation, there are also additional types:

Individual motivation acts in favor of (thickening hunger or thirst, avoiding hypothermia and other);
The group motivation includes concern for the continuation of the kind, determining its place in society;
To cognitive motivation - actions leading to the knowledge of something new;
Self-affirmation - actions to obtain status in society or respect for others;
Identification - the desire to resemble the one who is considered an ideal for a person;
Thirst for the authorities - the actions of a person in relation to others, the desire to lead their activities;
Self-development - actions that provide, with the subsequent implementation of their capabilities;
Social motifs - duties and responsibility to society;
Moting of accession - the desire to establish contact with others to further communicate.

In the study of such science as psychology, the motivation plays the last role. But what factors may affect the motivation of the individual? This question was studied, and still learning many scientists. To get more information about what motivation is applied theories.

"Theory of Need" A. Masu

To date, there are quite a few theories of motivation, but the basis of the work of A. Maslu is most often taken - the "Need theory". The defining idea of \u200b\u200bthe creator of the theory consisted that each person has a hierarchy of needs. And some needs are satisfied only after satisfying basic needs. Maslow issued the physiological needs of the individual as the basis, that is, those related to survival (food, water, rest).

The second level of need is safety and confidence in the future day. A person seeks to protect himself in the outside world and establish itself in the future.

Social need becomes the next step. This is a human attitude to society, the desire to communicate and the need for support.

The need for respect occupies the next step. There is a desire to impress people and deserve respect from significant people.

The growing step occupies the need for self-expression. This is when a person tries to realize his personal potential.

Motivation techniques and their application

In our lives today, techniques of motivation of students, personnel and independent motivation are actively used.

Personal motivation

The methods of personnel motivation include the system of stimulating employees, both material and moral. This is the use of comprehensive measures to improve labor activities and labor efficiency. Depending on the management system and organizational features, various incentive methods are applied.

Protection methods can be used for staff, that is, material benefits are provided to employees for the qualitative performance of certain work in the minimum deadlines. Organizational (administrative) methods can also be valid. These methods involve the impact of power, charter, laws or regulations. The use of psychological impact implies the impact on the consciousness of the personnel and its social interests.

Practice shows that one method is impossible to influence all staff, since each person has its own priorities. One employee can motivate a premium, and another employee needs administrative measures, such as control or indication.

Motivation of students

Unfortunately, the manifestations of independent motivation to schoolchildren and students rarely happen. Therefore, it is necessary to help students form it in such a way as to ensure and support productive learning activities for the entire period of study. Effective techniques today sufficient. Consider some of them.

an entertaining situation involves the introduction of interesting examples or experiments into the learning process, paradoxical analogies to revitalize students' attention;
cognitive dispute is based on the involvement of students in the discussion, which causes their interest and helps increase their level of attention;
the use of emotional experiences in the learning process. Presenting material with the lifting facts of a large-scale nature;
the process of comparing science and life situations involves bringing examples of the influence of scientific facts on the way of life of humanity;
creating successful situations can be used for students experiencing difficulties in learning. Learning difficulties are easier to be perceived with joyful experiences.

Independent motivation

Human actions are stimulated by his desire or desire for improving life positions. In other words, a person can independently convince himself that it is necessary to act, even if something is not laid.

This process is individual, and a person himself can decide which way to motivate or use internal motivation. But there are techniques that affect positively on most people. Methods often use manipulators often.

conclusions

The motivation process includes:

evaluation of unsatisfying factors;
formation of goals for their satisfaction;
development of actions contributing to the achievement of goals.

An incentive stimulus, which inspires a person on activity can be encouraging. Such an irritant can act as an object and the actions of other people, as well as these promises, inevitable obligations, provided opportunities and so on.

Encouragements to action can be like from the outside and proceed from the person himself. The motivational essence of a person herself determines the source of motivation. For an indecisive and sedentary person, an external stimulus is needed. And the internal potential helps an active person. Based on the foregoing, ways to meet the needs can be divided into two types:

active person will look for ways to succeed;
an indecisive and doubting person is looking for ways to avoid undesirable circumstances.

In various situations and leads it to certain results.