Lacquer external. Colored varnish for wood for interior use. What to look for when choosing

The natural beauty of wood with its unique texture cannot be replaced by any modern finishing material. Today, the tree is no less popular than it was 100 and 200 years ago.

However, it is vulnerable to the impact of negative factors and requires a film barrier that will protect the structure from moisture, sun, wind drying, pests.

Therefore, if your goal is only to give a shade, introduce a color additive gradually - in small portions and thoroughly mix the composition each time until you get the desired color.

Is it worth it to buy a quick-drying varnish

Which varnish is best for wood - one that dries quickly or one that dries quickly? The drying speed of the paintwork material is one of its main characteristics. Information about how much wood varnish dries, the manufacturer indicates on the label. However, practice has confirmed that strengthening one quality often leads to a weakening of another. For example, the high aesthetic properties of solvent-based products, beautiful shine from the first layer, are not suitable for every customer...

Photo 2. Teknos Semi-Gloss Solvent Lacquer

Long-drying varnish (nitro-lacquer) for wood, along with advantages, also has disadvantages:

high price;
cutting, bad smell(nitro-varnishes);
the product is less environmentally friendly than its water-soluble counterpart, which dries within an hour to the next layer.

The most convenient varnishes for wood are water-borne formulations produced by companies Teknos and Renner, which at correct application operated for at least 8 years. When updating, the surface does not need to be completely cleaned from the old layer, painting is carried out directly on it.

Photo 3. Teknos varnish on water based

Quick-drying varnish (vodnik) for wood, along with advantages, also has disadvantages:

it is impossible to paint in one layer (almost imperceptibly);
strongly lifts the pile from the wood, requires careful intermediate grinding;
lose to nitro-varnishes in aesthetics.

Matte or glossy

The main types of varnish for wood according to the degree of gloss are glossy, semi-gloss and matte.

Glossy film reflects light rays well, looks aesthetically attractive. Most often, not the highest degree of gloss is chosen, the so-called "semi-gloss".

Photo 4. Facade made of planken painted with Teknos lacquer

Matte and semi-gloss varnish for wood contains a special matting additive. It often precipitates, so matte varnishes must be thoroughly mixed.

In this varnish, gloss is practically absent, but the surface looks matte, while it becomes smooth to the touch and very beautiful.

How to choose wood varnish?

The answer to this question depends on the product being processed and its operating conditions. Both glossy and matte formulations are applied for protection and decoration:

musical instruments;
furniture;
floors, parquet, engineering board;
finishing panels.

For furniture, stairs, musical instruments, nitro-lacquers are best suited, especially if they are reinforced with polyurethane or are two-component compositions.

Photo 5. Lacquered oak steps

That is, where high strength and aesthetic properties are needed, it is better to use organic-soluble ones. They are best applied with a brush or air spray.

For lining, block house, planken, etc. water formulations are excellent. Especially if you have to paint a large volume indoors. It is better to paint with water sprayers with a brush or airless spray equipment.

From a practical point of view, a glossy surface wins, as traces of hand touches, dust and other contaminants are clearly visible on a matte surface. However, with improper cleaning, scratches will appear on the shiny surface, and any damage is more clearly visible here.

Transparent, translucent lacquer or covering scheme. What is right for me?

When choosing a wood staining scheme, be guided by the desired effect.

If good protection and durability are important to you, and aesthetics are not essential (although rich colors look quite attractive), apply a covering paint to the wooden surface. This coating material is opaque. It completely hides the texture of wood, serves up to 15 years.

Matt lacquer for wood does not form a brittle film, which can crack and crumble over time. Matte surfaces are easy to care for. It also updates without problems.

Transparent, semi-gloss varnishes (eg AQATOP 2600 Teknos) look beautiful on colored primers. They have a large dry residue, form a beautiful film that does not hide the texture of the wood, but only emphasizes the natural beauty.

The next application of this varnish on wood according to this scheme will be required no earlier than in 5-8 years, and this is if painted outside!

Photo 6. Matt varnish AQATOP 2600 Teknos

The technology of applying varnish on a wooden surface. How to properly varnish wood?

How to apply varnish on wood? The technologists of our company will tell about it. It is best to give us a call, as different products require a different approach.

Frequently Asked Question: What is the best way to varnish wood? An airbrush is ideal for this purpose (an air vent for nitro-varnishes and an airless vent for water workers), but in its absence, you can use a brush or roller. Synthetic brushes are well suited for aqueous products, and natural bristles for organic products.

First we prepare the surface. Hairiness and any shallow gouging defects are eliminated by grinding. Movement should be carried out in the direction of the fibers. It is best to use an eccentric machine for grinding. Primary processing is carried out with a coarse grain of 80, grinding is completed with an abrasive P 150-240.

Frequently asked Questions:

How to varnish wood without streaks? The layer of varnish should be as thin as possible. To do this, the applied composition is poured into a paint bath, where excess varnish is removed using a rolling surface. Staining control is carried out using a table lamp installed on the edge. The light falling on the wood will indicate where there is a lot of varnish, and where it is not at all.
How many coats of varnish should be applied to wood? Usually at least two layers are applied. Some staining schemes require a three-layer application. Between layers, it is necessary to withstand the time recommended by the manufacturer for drying.
Do I need to varnish the wood after impregnation with primer? If you want aesthetics, then varnish is needed. If a construct that is not visible is being processed, it is not advisable to apply the varnish composition, but effective protection primer will provide.

Varnish consumption per 1m2. Coverage schemes

Varnish consumption per 1 m2 for a tree depends on the density of the wood, the type of lumber (planed, sawn), the concentration of coatings and pre-treatment. Usually, on a planed surface, the consumption does not exceed 1 liter per 10 m2.

How to treat wood before varnishing so that the consumption of the latter is minimal? To do this, use acrylic primer, which creates a film on the surface. The absorbency of lumber is reduced, the consumption of varnish is small.

When painting with brushes, it is recommended to dilute the first layer of varnish with water so that its consistency becomes thinner. The approximate consumption rate of varnish on wood per 1 m2 for the first layer is 130 ml. When applying varnish on the ground or a second layer, the consumption can be halved.

Photo 7. Planken varnished with Teknos

What is moisture resistant varnish. Do I need to pay for it

Moisture-resistant varnish for wood does not let moisture in and does not give it back, as a result of which water does not accumulate under the film and does not destroy the paintwork layer. However, moisture-resistant varnish is more expensive, so it is advisable to use it in conditions with high humidity - a street where rain and snow have a detrimental effect on wood, a bathroom, a kitchen, a sauna. If the room is dry, it makes no sense to overpay for moisture resistance.

Photo 8. Lacquer from Renner

What varnishes have a smell? Is it harmful to human health

Paints and varnishes based on organic solvents are endowed with a pungent odor that causes headache, nausea or allergies. Similar symptoms indicate pathological processes in the body. LKM with a pungent odor, of course, are harmful. Such products must be used for their intended purpose, in specially equipped ventilation rooms.

Odorless water-based varnish for wood is an absolutely safe product for humans. Water-soluble varnishes are very popular today. They are environmentally friendly and endowed with excellent technical characteristics. The coating is aesthetically pleasing, lasts a long time, does not crack under the influence of sunlight.

A relatively recent water-based varnish is becoming increasingly popular. This is due to the environmental friendliness of the composition, the absence of an unpleasant odor during application and decent technical characteristics.

Peculiarities

Water-based varnish is a type of paint product that is primarily environmentally friendly. It contains water and emulsifiers (acrylic or polyurethane). In addition, liquid polymers, antiseptics (in the composition of varnishes for wood processing), solvents (their share can be 5–15%), plasticizers (provide increased strength of the varnish layer) may be present in the composition. The presence of water is due to the peculiarity of the "seizure" of the varnish. First of all, it is she who evaporates, then the film-forming component (solvent) and, lastly, the binder component (emulsifier).

All water-based varnishes are divided into two large groups - one-component and two-component. One-component formulations, as the name implies, consist of one active component - acrylic or polyurethane.

Acrylic the compositions are considered more environmentally friendly, they do not create a film on the surface, so the bases can "breathe". In addition, acrylic varnishes are more elastic, which means they are easier to apply. However, these compositions do not demonstrate the same high strength indicators as polyurethane counterparts. The optimal scope of the product is residential premises with standard environmental conditions.
Polyurethane varnishes, characterized by a large margin of safety, are used for surfaces in public and office buildings. They are suitable for substrates subject to high mechanical loads and prone to damage.

The basis of the two-component varnish is acrylic, in which polyurethane is added to improve performance. An important feature of water-based varnishes is their freezing at negative air temperatures. After thawing, such a product is not suitable for use.

To avoid damage to the composition allows compliance with the rules of storage. Water-based varnishes can only be stored at a positive temperature.

Specifications

Speaking about the technical characteristics, it is logical to note the advantages of water-based varnishes.

Environmental friendliness, due to the absence or minimal content of solvents and other aggressive chemical elements in the composition. This causes the absence of an unpleasant odor during the process of staining and drying of the water-based varnish. Neither alkyd, nor oil, nor even formaldehyde composition can demonstrate similar properties.
High fire safety- the material is completely non-combustible, which allows it to be used on surfaces that are subject to increased fire safety requirements.
High drying speed- 3-5 hours after application. However, one should not forget that the final strength of the layer will gain in 15-30 days.
Good performance adhesion, but subject to the technology of preparation of working bases.

Antiseptic ability is characteristic of acrylic varnishes.
Fortitude to temperature fluctuations, high levels of humidity.
Fortitude to the influence of ultraviolet rays, which provides reliable protection of surfaces from sunlight, preservation of their color.
Opportunity further use working tools - just wash them with soap or dish detergent, rinse and dry.
It is important that no unpleasant odor, as well as a high drying rate, allow you to carry out work without changing the usual way of life of the household. No need to think about where to relocate children and elderly relatives during the repair.

Like any type of varnish, the composition in question has disadvantages, namely:

lower indicators of strength to mechanical stress compared to those of other types of varnishes;
the possibility of application only at a temperature of +15–20ºС and air humidity of 50–55%;
high cost compared to other types of varnish.

Dispersion varnish with the addition of polyurethane has high levels of wet strength, as well as resistance to household chemicals, including alcohol-containing ones. The interior composition usually has an acrylic base, and for application to the floor - polyurethane, which is characterized by increased strength. There are also varieties of the product intended for different types of bases (wooden, concrete, plasterboard and others).

Separately, it is worth highlighting the water-based self-priming composition used for finishing. One of its main advantages is the ability to spread evenly, forming a flat surface. The use of the composition can significantly improve appearance varnished surfaces.

There are such varieties of self-priming composition, such as:

glossy- allows you to get elegant shiny surfaces, emphasizes the saturation of bright colors. Not suitable for applying to a surface with defects, as it makes them even more visible;

matte- derived from an alkyd-urethane composition. It does not have a characteristic shine, it looks elegant, noble, and also emphasizes the depth of color, visually hides the flaws of the base.

In addition, there are "intermediate" options - semi-gloss and semi-gloss. The latter reveals a greater degree of gloss, but still does not "hold out" for pronounced glossy coatings. Water-based varnish is a colorless transparent composition, and if we are talking about an acrylic version - a milky white shade. However, when adding color to them, you can get any shade. Transparent varnish does not change the shade and structure of the surface, but only emphasizes them.

Scope of application

The bulk of water-based products are intended for interior use, their use for exterior decoration is not recommended. The tool has a fairly wide scope. It increases moisture resistance and other performance characteristics of walls, furniture, interior elements. However, water-based acrylic formulations cannot withstand increased static and dynamic loads, so they are not suitable for application over high traffic flooring. It is acceptable to use them in the bedroom and nursery, for example, but not in the living room and corridor. For these premises, it is better to choose analogues with a polyurethane binder.

It should be noted that acrylic varnishes and paints are usually used for home decoration, while more durable polyurethane ones are used in surface treatment in public buildings.

Two-component formulations are most often used for application to wooden floor coverings. In addition, they can be applied to metal, concrete, stone, drywall. Similar compositions are used in the performance the following types of work:

foundation strengthening- in this case, they act as a kind of adhesive solution that holds the peeling elements together;
antiseptic treatment- prevents the appearance of mold and fungus on the treated surface;

surface protection- treated bases acquire greater strength, including temperature extremes, mechanical damage, high humidity;
preservation of surface color saturation- the formed film protects the bases from fading under the influence of UV rays;
surface decoration- depending on the type, such a varnish can be used as a tinting composition, to give a dull or glossy sheen;
simplification of the surface care process– Protected bases can be safely wiped with a damp cloth.

Manufacturers: review and reviews

Among the leading manufacturers of water-based varnishes is the Finnish company Tikkurila. The range is represented mainly by acrylic varnishes, there are both universal compositions and products for walls, floors, and furniture. Buyers note the complete absence of smell when working with the product. And also from the experience of some users, we can conclude that the composition is best used in rooms facing the non-sunny side.

Varnishes produced under the brand name Eurotex, allow not only to protect surfaces and add gloss to them, but also to create an imitation of valuable and expensive tree species (when applying the composition on wood, of course).

Brand compositions of the brand are also considered the leader LOBA. This German manufacturer regularly expands the line of varnishes, as well as colors for them. The price range is also wide. A large assortment, as a rule, is demonstrated by such reputable European brands as Vermeister, Pallmann, Berger-Seidle. In addition to special varnishes for different types of surfaces, as well as wooden furniture, walls and floors, there are modifications for baths and saunas. The latter are characterized by increased heat resistance and moisture resistance.

A positive assessment of buyers has products of a domestic manufacturer "Lacra". High quality, lack of smell (a small specific "aroma" is possible when using polyurethane varnishes), lower cost compared to the price of imported analogues - all this is the undoubted advantages of the product. The range is represented mainly by compositions for the finishing coating. The company's products boast a variety of products V33, because it includes options for floors, walls, furniture, as well as universal varnishes. The products amaze with a variety of colors such as wenge, bog oak, pine and others.

If you need to varnish or decorate furniture, it is recommended to use varnishes 3v3 from a French manufacturer. Due to their characteristic consistency, they are easier to apply on curved surfaces, to use in hard-to-reach places.

Stained lacquer is characterized by increased wear resistance and strength deluxe. In addition, the tool allows the bases to give a noble look, imitation of precious woods. According to reviews, this composition, applied in the corridor, does not require updating for about 3 years. At the same time, the impeccable appearance of the floor is maintained even in conditions of high traffic and regular wet cleaning.

In the assortment of this manufacturer there is another composition for processing parquet boards - Dulux Trade Diamond Glaze. Due to the peculiarities of the composition and production, this varnish provides 10 times more durability than other water-based varnishes.

For a flawless result, as well as maintaining the performance of the varnish it is important to prepare the working bases in advance. They must be smooth, clean (without grease stains and traces of the previous coating), dry.
First, a primer is applied. You can not skip this stage of work, apply a primer in 2-3 layers, which will reduce the consumption of varnish, increase the strength of its layer.
It is recommended to use special primers, intended for the finished surface, for example, for wooden surfaces, a wood primer should be used. It is important to choose compatible primers and varnishes. They both need to be water based.

Water-based varnishes are not applied with brushes. For these purposes, only a roller is used; on large bases, an airbrush can be used. The use of a brush threatens the appearance of noticeable stripes on the varnished surface, therefore, even in corners and other hard-to-reach areas, rollers of appropriate sizes are used.
Wait until each subsequent layer is applied. complete drying of the previous. Otherwise, unevenness and surface roughness cannot be avoided. If this recommendation observed, but the dried layer of varnish is rough, this is due to the deposition of dust on the varnish. This problem can be eliminated by grinding the surface with a defect.
Acrylic and polyurethane varnishes must be mix or shake thoroughly within 2–8 minutes, depending on the volume of the container with varnish.

Wood remains a popular building material. Aesthetics, practicality, versatility, good thermal insulation properties are only part of the advantages, but the main drawback is low resistance to moisture. You can correct the situation if you use wood varnish for outdoor work. Manufacturers produce different types LKM, which differ in technical properties.

Characteristics of varnishes for outdoor use

The service life of wooden surfaces and products is affected by atmospheric phenomena, temperature changes, and sunlight. The varnish and varnish covering allows to provide reliable protection to wood if the varnish is picked up correctly.

When choosing a LKM, it is important to pay attention to the following characteristics:

Moisture resistance. From moisture and water, the tree begins to rot and collapse. The varnish must create a durable moisture-resistant layer on the surface that will not allow moisture to penetrate into the wood.
Frost resistance. The property is determined by the waterproof ability. The coating should easily endure sub-zero temperatures without damage or deformation. If the material, after drying, does not have sufficient water-repellent properties, then water will penetrate into microcracks. When frozen, it will increase in volume, damaging the coating.
Wear resistance. There are varnishes with different wear resistance. For terraces, piers, stairs and other places with high loads, you should choose compositions with good wear resistance. For fences, facades, vertical surfaces and products that are not subject to heavy loads, paintwork materials with medium wear resistance are suitable.
UV resistant. The composition should contain additives that provide protection from ultraviolet rays. Otherwise, from constant exposure to the sun, the coating will quickly fade.
Strength and resistance to mechanical damage. Wood is considered a soft material and needs to be reliably protected from mechanical damage. The lacquer must be durable.
Drying time. The indicator can be from 2-4 hours to several days, depending on whether a quick-drying or regular composition is used. Drying time depends on environmental conditions.
Resistance to temperature changes. The coating must be strong, but at the same time elastic, in order to be easily deformed by temperature changes without the appearance of cracks and other defects.

Types of varnishes for wood for outdoor use

Depending on the components in the composition, several types of varnishes are distinguished, which differ from each other in properties and characteristics.

Oil based varnishes

The main component of such paints and varnishes is purified oil. The composition includes synthetic or natural resins. For the most part, they provide reliable protection to the tree. Colorless oil-based coatings are rarely found on sale. They are presented in a large range of colors - from light yellow to dark brown.

The main advantages include:

environmental safety;
good resistance to moisture;
high coating strength;
availability.

And although the varnish forms a durable coating, it does not interfere with air exchange. The main disadvantage is a long drying time (1-3 days). It is recommended to apply coatings in sunny weather at temperatures above +10 degrees. Oil formulations are often thick, making them difficult to apply with a brush.

Polyurethane varnishes

Depending on the composition, they can be one-component and two-component. In the second case, a hardener is additionally used. The polyurethane-based paintwork material is versatile, as it is used for painting facades, fences, terraces, etc. It forms a durable coating on the surface with good elasticity (does not deform when temperature drops).

Facade varnish based on polyurethane has the following advantages:

coating strength, resistance to mechanical stress;
water-repellent properties;
resistance to ultraviolet, chemicals;
surface adhesion;
fast drying.

It is allowed to paint only dry wooden surfaces. Upon contact with water, the composition loses its performance properties.

The main disadvantage is the higher cost compared to other types of coatings.

Alkyd varnishes

The main raw materials for production are glyphthalic and pentaphthalic resins. Solvent or white spirit is used as a solvent. Sometimes manufacturers add special substances that speed up the drying process.

The material forms a film resistant to moisture and ultraviolet on the surface. It tolerates changes in temperature and humidity, atmospheric phenomena. It is usually used for painting surfaces that are not amenable to heavy loads, as it has low wear resistance.

Main advantages:

decorative (emphasizes the structure of the tree);
resistance to mold and fungi;
affordable price;
ease of application.

The main disadvantage is a long drying time (24-72 hours). When dried, the varnish exhausts a sharp unpleasant odor. To feel this disadvantage less, it is worth choosing a composition with special additives.

Water-based varnishes

Acrylic varnish is usually produced on the basis of an aqueous dispersion. The composition may contain a solvent, but its content does not exceed 15%. The main advantage of paintwork materials is environmental safety. It has no unpleasant odor and is non-toxic. It can be transparent or colored, well emphasizes the structure of the tree. Surfaces painted with acrylic lacquer are reliably protected from moisture, mold, and fungi. They are used for surfaces that are not subjected to heavy loads, since the wear resistance is weak.

Manufacturers produce two-component water-based varnishes. In addition to acrylic, they contain polyurethane. In this regard, they have the best technical characteristics. They form a durable coating that is resistant to mechanical stress, UV and moisture.

Yacht compositions

Frost-resistant and moisture-resistant yacht varnish forms a durable coating on the surface. Initially, it was created for painting yachts and ships, so the main focus was on excellent performance and durability. Over time, the scope has expanded.

Even with constant exposure to atmospheric phenomena, temperature changes and other negative factors, the coating can last for a long time. An important advantage is versatility (can be used for horizontal and vertical surfaces). The disadvantage is high toxicity.

Step by step instructions for applying varnish

You can varnish wooden surfaces yourself if you have general information about the features of applying paintwork materials. For work, you will need an available tool. It is not necessary to have special skills.

Varnish consumption

type of wood (the porous surface absorbs varnish more);
material viscosity;
quality of preparation of the painted surface;
application method.

When applying the first layer, the consumption of varnish is usually more, then it diverges more economically. If a spray gun is used, less material is required than when painting with a brush or roller.

Tool selection

The selection of the necessary tools depends on the method of applying the material. The spray gun is usually used by professionals. If you do not have this professional equipment, you can get by with hand tools. Wood can be varnished with a brush or roller. Brushes will need different widths depending on the characteristics of the surface to be painted. The roller is convenient to use for covering large flat surfaces - terraces, fences, etc.

It is important to take care of personal protection. Wear gloves and a respirator while working.

Surface preparation

At the preparatory stage, the following steps should be performed:

Sand the surface thoroughly. Use sandpaper of different grits for this. Work can be done manually or using grinders.
Remove all dust with a vacuum cleaner.
Proceed to the next step if the surface is clean and dry.

If a vacuum cleaner is not available, the dust is brushed off and then the entire surface is wiped with a slightly damp cloth and allowed to dry completely before applying primer or varnish.

Primer

The primer composition is used to improve adhesion, leveling the surface (eliminating minor irregularities), and improving the performance of the varnish coating.

The primer is applied to the cleaned and prepared surface with a brush. The composition should be selected depending on the type of coatings. The primer should be applied in a thin layer. When dry, sand and re-primer. The number of layers depends on the general condition of the wood and the desired effect.

Applying varnish

Before application, waterproof wood varnish must be mixed well so that the contents of the can become a homogeneous mixture. If the composition is too thick, it is diluted with a solvent to the desired consistency. Apply LKM should be from top to bottom in a thin layer. Make sure the coverage is even. If streaks appear, they must be removed immediately.

When the first layer dries, it is sanded with fine sandpaper, and then re-opened. The varnish is applied in at least 3 layers, sometimes more. Each layer must be sanded. The final coat is sometimes polished to achieve a beautiful sheen and smooth surface.

If you choose and apply varnish on a wooden surface correctly, you can reliably protect it from atmospheric phenomena and other factors. When choosing, you should focus on the operating conditions and take into account the cost.

Wood should not be left unprotected. Especially when it comes to wooden products that are outside. It is painted, protected with special impregnations and varnished. This not only protects the wood, but also emphasizes its structure, making the surface more beautiful and presentable. I would like to pay special attention to wood varnish for outdoor use. It perfectly protects the product from ultraviolet radiation, pests and high humidity. But in order for wood varnish to fully fulfill its functions, you need to pay attention to its choice.

Next, we will look at what types of varnishes for wood used for outdoor work exist, what requirements they must meet, and which varnish is best for wood? Thanks to this information, you can choose the right composition and perform work on its application.

The difference between interior and exterior varnish

Many are accustomed to using wood varnish for interior work. This is a wonderful material that also protects the tree, gives it beauty and extends its service life. There are a huge number of such compositions in stores.

Everything paints and varnishes can be divided into different categories. One is the scope or terms of use. Therefore, there is a varnish for interior woodworking and a varnish for exterior woodworking. What is the difference? It's all about the environment and the impact that is on the tree. The material that is inside is in favorable conditions. But as for outdoor products, they are negatively affected. This includes:

temperature fluctuations;
atmospheric precipitation, in the form of snow, rain, fog;
direct exposure to sunlight;
thermal expansion of the tree;
mechanical impact.

This means that outdoor varnishes must resist all these negative factors. If you use ordinary varnish on the street, then very soon it will become unusable. Due to their properties, varnishes for outdoor use are able to last a long time in this environment. After application, an elastic film is formed, which will allow the wood to withstand constant drying and swelling. Varnishes for interior work cannot boast of such elasticity. They will immediately peel off and crack.

Note! Colors of varnish for wood can be very different, for every taste and color. Everyone can choose a color to their liking so that the surface to be treated is combined with other elements. Varnish on wood for interior color work.

If the use of varnishes for interior work is limited to some surfaces, steps and furniture elements, then the scope of use of varnish for outdoor work is much larger. They can handle the following surfaces:

Terrace, wooden steps, porch.
Part of the roof.
Processing of wooden fences.
Facade of a wooden house.
Walls of baths and other similar buildings.
Garden furniture and sculptures made of wood (handicrafts, wooden flower beds, etc.).
Entrance wooden door.

As you can see, this is a versatile material, which can make the use of wooden structures even better. With varnish, wood will look more profitable and last longer. But in order to do all this, the paintwork material must meet certain characteristics. What are they? Let's find out.

Characteristics of paints and varnishes

Generally speaking, all varnishes can be called mixtures of substances that can form a protective layer or film on the treated surface. This is what wood varnish is valued for. This film prevents rotting of wood, its fading and other negative factors. Regarding compositions for external use, they must comply with certain parameters. Let's look at the characteristics of the compositions:

It is also impossible not to mention additional substances that may be included in formulations for external use. Some of them can protect the varnish from pests, while others give the surface a different effect, such as gloss or mat. Separately, you need to choose wood varnish for outdoor work and its color. It can be either transparent or have a color scheme.

Varieties of varnishes for wood

Depending on their composition and characteristics, there are many types of varnishes that are used for outdoor work. They have their own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Their choice may depend on various factors. Here and quality, and price, and characteristics, and the desired result. Let's look at these compounds in more detail.

Oil formulations

These are oil-based formulations that have been refined, heat-treated and usable during the manufacturing process. The quality of the finished product is directly proportional to the quality of the oils, so saving on products is not recommended. Another component is natural or synthetic resins. That is why the drying of such a varnish is quite long. It is recommended to apply it at average indicators of humidity and at a temperature of more than 10 degrees Celsius.

Note! When using oil varnishes, the wood may change color slightly, darkening by a tone or several tones.

Oil-based varnishes can be divided into 3 categories, which are characterized by the amount of resins and oils in the composition:

fatty;
bold;
skinny.

If we talk about the treatment of surfaces in the open, then for this purpose it is necessary to use only fatty compounds that contain a ratio of 2: 1 (oil and resin). Such varnishes for wood have excellent performance against atmospheric influence.

Yacht and polyurethane varnish, which we will consider below, can be called a kind of oil compositions. Yacht composition is used for wood, which has constant contact with water. Let's take a closer look at its properties.

Yacht compositions

It is also called alkyd-urethane. After its application, an elastic film is created on the surface, which will maintain its integrity even with severe deformations of the wood. There is only one point: immediately before applying it, it is necessary to prime the surface. In addition, it is important to make the film holistic and dense. This type of material has excellent wear resistance, and more importantly, it dries in 2-4 hours.

How to work with this composition, you will learn from this video.

Polyurethane compound

This type of composition is very popular. Even a beginner can handle its application. The thing is that the compositions are easy to apply, fit well and serve for a long time. In addition, the drying time of outdoor varnish is from 4 to 12 hours, depending on the product. After treatment, the surface will be perfectly protected from UV rays, abrasion and mechanical stress.

You can see how to apply polyurethane paints and varnishes from this material.

Alkyd composition

This composition is based on alkyd resins and a solvent, so that the finished coating will be stable, durable and reliable. He is not afraid of household chemicals, so the surface can be treated by any means. As for the shortcomings, we note the drying time, which is approximately 24 hours. In addition, after application, the tree acquires a yellow color. Most often, alkyd varnish for wood GF-166 and GF-177 is used.

You can learn how to apply an alkyd composition from this video.

Water Based Composition

The peculiarity of the products is that they are made on an aqueous dispersion, with the addition of a solvent. This means that such materials for wood are odorless, which is very important when working with it. Odorless water-based wood varnish is safer and does not release toxic substances. You can work with it even indoors.

Another advantage is that they have a variety of color scheme, you can choose a very different shade that will not mask the beautiful structure of the tree. Moreover, if a tree is treated with this composition, then fungi, mold and other microorganisms are not afraid of it.

There are two types of water-based formulations:

One-component that contains only acrylic.
Two-component, which includes both acrylic and polyurethane.

The second option is slightly better, as it has improved characteristics and is immune to the harmful effects of the external environment. Below is a table that indicates the features of a particular composition of wood varnish.

Below is a video from which you can learn more about the acrylic universal coating material.

Note! Compositions based on alcohol and nitrolac are not recommended for use in the external environment. Alcohol-based materials are used only for carpentry and restoration work, but nitro-lacquer has a low resistance to moisture and is destroyed when exposed to UV rays.

If we talk about the most popular manufacturers of varnishes, then these are the following companies:

Finnish Tikkurilla (Tikkurila).
Godand company AkzoNobel.
Russian Senezh.
German Henkel and BASF.
Products from USA DuPont.

Summing up

It is impossible to use ordinary varnishes for products outside. And in this article, we found out why. No wonder special formulations were created for this purpose. They have excellent characteristics and can serve in negative conditions. It remains only to decide on the type of paintwork and buy it. And thanks to the video of covering each type, you can easily do it yourself.

Varnish for wood - what can and should it be? How to choose it correctly? What is the first thing to look for when buying wood varnish? It is these questions that the consumer always asks before purchasing a paintwork material (LKM). In fact, the question of choice is not as difficult as it seems at first glance, despite the fact that there are a lot of these products on the construction market. When buying, it is very important to take into account the specifics and properties of the object or surface that they plan to varnish. You can’t go to the first store you come across and buy a wood varnish that suits you by price or color, and not take into account the technical characteristics of this paintwork material.

Painting wooden objects indoors is necessary to protect them from fungal formations, mold, insects, or as an option for decorating and restoring household items. Exterior painting primarily serves to give tone, matt or, conversely, shine to the facade and other outdoor surfaces. Any, including acrylic, wood varnish is selected taking into account the texture, properties and characteristics of the wood species. Surfaces must be varnished in several layers. And in cases where the rock is too porous or has many scratches and small cracks, preliminary priming and puttying is required. The degree of load on an object or surface plays a very important role Therefore, when choosing a material, this should be taken into account in the first place.

What you need to focus on, or Criteria for choosing varnishes

Wood varnish is used to process and protect wood from various damages and putrefactive processes. Happens for internal works and external. They are very different in composition, technical characteristics, properties and scope. Therefore, before buying varnish for wooden surfaces or objects, you need to understand at least in general terms which one is more suitable in this or that case. When you come to a hardware store for varnish, do not be too lazy to read the annotation and conditions for the use of the composition you prefer, ask if it meets your selection criteria.

Lacquer for indoor or outdoor use

Consider where you will be using it. If indoors, you need to buy varnish for interior work. If you plan to lacquer a facade from the street or an object that is outside the house, then you need a wood lacquer for outdoor use. Otherwise, if you choose paintwork materials for interior work and process an outdoor object with it, then the varnished surface will simply fade or crack.

wear resistance

For example, you need a quality parquet varnish. The requirements for wear resistance in this case must be taken into account. Pay attention to the line of two-component varnishes based on polyurethane - this is the most suitable paint and varnish material for parquet. It has a high wear resistance, that is, this composition is resistant to abrasion. You can also buy a water-based varnish for wood for parquet - it is suitable for processing floor surfaces, creates reliable and durable coatings. It is not recommended to buy nitrocellulose - it has the lowest wear resistance coefficient, it is not suitable for parquet.

Glossy and matte

The degree of gloss when choosing is also very important when it comes to the interior. Each house has items with the same degree of gloss, so you need to buy varnish, taking as a basis the requirements for other household items or the design of the room. This is not obvious, however, the degree of glossy coating largely depends on the method of applying paintwork materials, on how well the surfaces are polished. The color of the substrate also contributes to the degree of gloss. And, of course, you can not ignore the shade of varnish.

Toxicity

Most paint and varnish products are dangerous for the human body, since the composition contains solvents: these are nitro-varnishes, polyurethane-based varnishes, and acrylic varnish for wood for outdoor use, and polyester compounds. Work with such materials should be in special workshops (painting rooms), in non-residential premises, and if there is a need to use them in a residential apartment, then for the duration of the repair work associated with applying varnish, residents must leave the house for at least a few days.

Drying speed

How long will it take to cover the planned surfaces with varnish? Few people think about this, but on average, wood varnishes for interior work dry for about 6 hours, sometimes it takes a day to dry completely. Therefore, many try to have time to do all the work with painting objects over the weekend. The fastest drying is water-based wood varnish, and the longest drying is nitroglycerin.

Compositeness: what it can be

Most residents of our country know only one-component, ready-to-use varnish. After applying this substance to the surface, the solvent contained in the composition evaporates and only a dry residue remains. Professional varnishes (they are also called wear-resistant) are multicomponent products. When working with them, you can mix the necessary components, for example, add a solvent and hardener. Such a composition tends to polymerize due to the chemical reactions occurring in it between the substance of the varnish and the hardener.

Self-priming

This refers to an external self-priming varnish for wood or a “primer + varnish” composition. In other words, not all varnishes can be immediately applied to wooden surfaces. The selection criterion, however, is not obvious, but, as practice shows, most varnishes require preliminary priming so that they do not exfoliate from surfaces and do not form craters and waves on varnished surfaces. Coatings that do not require pre-priming are called self-priming. They can be safely applied to the surface without any fear. It is very convenient when choosing and economical when buying (no need to buy additional soil).

Refractory

Finishing of premises of public importance, as well as private shops, firms, companies often has special requirements, fire protection are among them. The same requirements apply to paints and varnishes. It is for such purposes that refractory varnishes are produced, and to be more precise, they must be specially issued by the manufacturer with a fire safety certificate. It is mandatory to use such a substance according to the technology specified in the document.

If you follow all the above criteria, choosing the right paintwork material will not be such a difficult task.

Features of paints and varnishes

Any LKM has its own characteristics and technical characteristics. Short description the most bought - in the list below.

Polyurethane varnish for wood. Does not turn yellow during operation, has a high wear resistance. Does not change the original appearance and texture. It is very picky about the temperature regime and humidity: the temperature should be about 22 degrees, humidity - no more than 60%.

Alkyd and oil varnishes. Not as demanding on temperature and humidity as the previous one. Easily and well applied to surfaces, including metal ones, the ability to penetrate into the pores of wood is good. The only drawback is the low coefficient of wear resistance.

Acrylic varnishes. Used for finishing wooden surfaces. Acrylic wood varnish has a faint smell, similar to the smell of wet wood. Wear-resistant, resistant to chemical cleaning detergents. Before painting surfaces with this type of varnish, the surface must first be primed.

Lacquers are odorless. I would like to dwell on this product line in more detail. Many people are afraid of paintwork because of intolerance to the smell of solvents and other components with strong unpleasant odors, which are also harmful to the body. Manufacturers of the paint and varnish industry have tried to create paints and varnishes that are completely odorless, and they succeeded.

They are produced on a water basis, so there are absolutely no solvents in their composition. Are applied to processing of wooden surfaces. Produced mainly by foreign manufacturers. However, recently our domestic companies have also managed to create their own odorless product. How to use these varnishes? The algorithm for carrying out painting work is no different from using conventional ones. They are used both for priming and as the main paint and varnish material.

Quite often, an ordinary consumer, when choosing paints and varnishes for wood, torments himself with various questions. What is the best polish to buy? How to choose? what should you pay attention to? However, choosing a good and suitable varnish with such an abundance of assortment in today's building materials markets is not such a difficult task. When buying a paintwork material for wood, it is important to take into account the properties and specifics of the surface to be treated. You can’t, for example, just go to the market and buy a frost-resistant varnish for outdoor woodworking from the first seller you come across, without taking into account the characteristics of this paintwork material.

Working with wood varnish

Painting of wooden products indoors is required to protect them from the formation and impact of various fungi and mold, insect damage, or to decorate or restore wooden objects. Exterior painting is primarily used to give a glossy or matte finish to wooden facades and other exterior surfaces. Therefore, any wood varnish, including acrylic, must be selected taking into account the properties and texture of wood. Surface treatment must be carried out in several layers. If the wood has a high porosity, small cracks or scratches, then it should be pre-primed and puttied. Also, when choosing a paintwork material, one should take into account the degree of load exerted on the object or surface to be treated.

What should be guided by when choosing?

Any varnish for wood is designed to protect the treated wood from various damages, weathering and decay processes. Paints and varnishes, depending on the technical characteristics, composition, properties and scope of application, can be intended for both external and internal types of work. Therefore, before purchasing, you should clearly imagine which paintwork material is right for you in a particular case. Before you go to the store, you should read the characteristics and conditions of use of a particular composition and whether it meets your needs.

Types of varnishes for wood

Most paints and varnishes are known for their versatility in relation to wooden surfaces (parquet, doors, railings, steps and much more). If you are interested in odorless wood varnishes, then you should know some of the features of paints and varnishes on the market today.

For outdoor work, frost-resistant, moisture- and light-resistant coatings are mainly used. This is due to the fact that only such paints and varnishes are able to provide wood with reliable protection from aggressive atmospheric influences. It is strongly not recommended to use for the treatment of wooden surfaces outside the premises compounds that, when dried, create an inelastic film. Such materials include nitro-varnishes. Also, coatings used for outdoor work should contain special antibacterial additives in their composition to protect the tree from insect pests and prevent the occurrence of putrefactive processes.

Alkyd varnish for wood. This coating contains alkyd resins and a solvent, which makes it strong, durable and moisture resistant.

Complete drying of the treated surface occurs within 72 hours, however, if faster drying of the applied layers is necessary, then a paintwork material containing a hardener should be chosen. In this case, the drying of the coating is reduced to 24 hours.

The alkyd-urethane composition dries even faster. This is possible by adding components of the urethane group to the composition of the varnish. Such varnishes dry in 12 hours, not inferior in strength to alkyd coatings.

Oil varnishes. Such compositions are characterized by a high concentration of oils, resins and organic solvents. A feature of oil compositions is the ability to change the color of wood from pale yellow to a thick chocolate shade. However, such coatings take longer to dry. Drying of the layers, depending on the ambient temperature, can last up to several days.

Nitrolac. This paint and varnish material is made from colloxylin, resins, plasticizers and volatile solvents. Nitro-varnishes are widely used when performing interior finishing work. Since this composition is quick-drying, the drying time of the layers is several hours, and in terms of strength, such a coating is not inferior in strength to similar coatings.

When coated, nitro-varnish creates a transparent and thin protective film on the wooden surface, which reliably closes the pores of the wood, which, in turn, improves the water-repellent characteristics of the wood. It is worth considering that if you need a varnish that is completely harmless to health, then this type of paint and varnish material will not suit you, due to the content of toxic solvents in its composition. And the cost of such a composition is not suitable for everyone.

Attention! When working with nitro-lacquer, it is necessary to adhere to safety measures and use a special respirator.

Acrylic water-based varnish for wood. Such paints and varnishes do not contain organic solvents, so they do not have an unpleasant odor, and, therefore, are safer for indoor use. Processing a wooden surface with acrylacs makes it possible to increase strength, as well as preserve the natural color and texture of wood.

Acrylic varnishes are highly sensitive to changes in temperature and humidity and for this reason do not tolerate wet cleaning very well.

Epoxy coatings. They differ in that they dry out rather quickly and can be used both indoors and outdoors. It is the most versatile paint coating as it can be applied to almost any type of surface.

Polyurethane varnish for wood. This material is characterized by water-repellent properties and high wear resistance. These characteristics have made polyurethane lacquer one of the most commonly used finishes for wood surfaces, especially precious woods.

Yacht varnish. It is considered the most durable among the above coatings. The protective composition of the yacht varnish is highly resistant to the damaging effects of salty sea water and got its name due to its wide use in the treatment of wooden boats and yachts. This semi-matte finish is the perfect combination of elasticity and hardness. The varnish has a high resistance to aggressive environmental influences, temperature extremes and almost any cleaning and detergents.

Correct work with paintwork

Basically, a special odorless paint is used to process planed or parquet boards, however, some experts recommend using varnish for wooden surfaces for this purpose. In order to qualitatively perform varnishing of wooden products, pay attention to the simple instructions below.

Surface preparation. If the surface to be treated has not previously been varnished, then it should be carefully treated before applying the coating. In the presence of an old varnish coating, you just need to apply a new layer of varnish on top. Treatment of a wooden surface before varnishing consists in careful polishing of wood. After grinding, dust must be removed from the surface, preferably with a vacuum cleaner, and you can proceed to the next step.

Lacquering. Applying varnish to a cleaned wooden surface is carried out with a brush, roller or paint sprayer. Quite often, after processing, light wood darkens, and dark wood, on the contrary, turns yellow or redder. As a rule, such a change in the color of the wood occurs immediately after applying the varnish. Therefore, it is worthwhile to find out in advance the properties of the composition used.

Different wood has its own hardness, which in turn determines the required number of coating layers. Soft woods such as pine or spruce require 3-4 coats of varnish, while harder woods need two. In the event that an alkyd composition is used, then 10% white spirit must be added to apply the first layer.

Consumption per 1m²

And last, but not least, the question is what is the consumption of varnish per 1 m². Let's name the main criteria that directly affect the consumption of the composition on the tree.

Wood. A deep pore wood surface requires more material than fine pore wood.
Grinding quality. Higher-quality sanded wood needs less material.
Viscosity. The thicker the varnish, the greater its consumption per 1 m². For this reason, a solvent or water is added to the varnish for applying the first layers if water-based paint is used.
Application method. The lowest consumption of varnish when using an airbrush. More material is required when working with a brush or roller.

The average varnish consumption is 1l/8-10m², and when applying the second and subsequent layers less - 1l/10-12m². However, all of the above criteria must be taken into account.

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Protection of wooden structures from rotting, moisture, fire

Often, a special wood material is used as interior decoration. Lining is a natural, environmentally friendly material. It has great features and also looks great. Often it is used for finishing verandas, loggias and simple balconies. Therefore, special requirements are imposed on the material.

After all, the tree is “alive” natural material subject to aging. It is afraid of high humidity, a sharp change in temperature, various biological pests. Under bright sunlight, the unique qualities of wood are quickly lost.

How to cover the floor, lining, stairs, OSB in a wooden house?

To protect wood and wooden lining

the surface is varnished, which ensures the safety of the material and its properties.

Those who neglect such processing, after a few years, may find chips, cracks, abrasions and banal pollution on it.

What are the benefits of a wood texture that has been processed?

Prevention of mold and rot.
Resistance to various mechanical damage.
Protection from sun exposure.
Increased fire resistance
Aesthetics.

Often, lining during installation is processed with various special-purpose compositions: drying oil, antiseptic, stain. original view material changes slightly. Coating the lining with varnish on top refreshes it and ennobles it.

Choosing the Right Tool

Lacquer types

How and with what to cover the tree?

Before starting work on applying varnish, it is first best to familiarize yourself with their varieties.

The following types are considered the most popular:

water soluble;
alkyd;
polyurethane;
acrylic.

Representatives of all these groups can be used for interior finishing work: they do not emit harmful toxic fumes and are harmless to health. What are the features and performance characteristics of these funds?

water soluble

For varnishes made on a water basis, the absence of an unpleasant odor is characteristic and a fairly quick complete drying. They are completely non-toxic, thanks to which the coloring of the lining in the room can be done without the use of protective agents.

You don't even need a respirator. Use similar compositions for the treatment of wooden surfaces exclusively indoors.

All water-based formulations have a polyurethane or acrylic base. They can have a different composition - two-component or one-component.

The latter contains only one base in its composition, the two-component one, in addition to it, also has a hardener. Therefore, the characteristics of the two-component differ in better performance, the coating made by it is more durable and durable.

Acrylic

These varnishes help the wood perfectly preserve the unique natural texture. They will be an excellent choice for finishing the interior surface of the premises. In addition to improving the aesthetic qualities of the treated surface, they protect it from harmful influences, including from sunlight. The composition of acrylic varnishes may vary slightly, so you need to carefully study the instructions.

Following it, the compositions are diluted with ether, alcohol or water. The mixture dries almost instantly after application. Surfaces treated with acrylic products do not tolerate excess moisture, therefore, in case of contamination, it is better to refrain from trying to wash it off with water. For the same reason, acrylic-based varnish is not very suitable for use, for example, in the kitchen, where humidity is usually high.

Alkyd

They have almost all the characteristics of the previous ones, but plus they are not afraid of high humidity, and even moisture itself. Therefore, the surface treated with them can be washed without fear.

The possibility of washing with water is very relevant, especially in the presence of children or pets.

The alkyd lacquer coating is highly durable, protecting the wood even from significant mechanical stress: it prevents scratches, chips and other damage.

Great for use as a door polish. The disadvantages of this drug are an unpleasant odor when used, as well as a fairly long time required for it to dry completely. It takes at least two days. But this shortcoming it is easy to eliminate by adding a specially produced hardener to it.

Polyurethane

Polyurethane is often used for parquet

The advantages of this group of varnishes can hardly be overestimated.

They not only protect the material from aging and harmful effects, giving it a spectacular appearance.

They allow him to acquire completely unique qualities that are completely uncharacteristic of capricious natural material:

high resistance to UV exposure;
increased resistance to moisture;
resistance to the action of aggressive agents such as alkalis.

The remarkable characteristics of the drug determine its corresponding cost.

The price of a group of polyurethane varnishes is noticeably higher than that of other groups. But you can use such a varnish both inside the house and outside.

The nuances of using varnish

There are important features of the use of water-soluble varnishes, given which you can get a more aesthetic and high-quality result.

Do not forget to do a biocorrosion treatment before varnishing.
Any type of varnish is best applied in at least two coats. So you can achieve maximum strength of the protective film on the material.
When working, the varnish composition needs regular mixing. So its structure will be more homogeneous, it will be easier and smoother to lie down.

After the final drying of the first layer, the resulting surface is lightly sanded, after which another application is carried out.

Lacquering process

How to apply varnish correctly? Wood and lining should be well dried, only after that you can proceed to its decorative finish. After facing the surfaces, at least five days must pass. There are no special difficulties in the application process. The procedure is not at all difficult to perform on your own. But it is advisable to use the recommendations of experienced professionals for this.

What is required for work:

actual lacquer composition;
capacity for it;
large and small brushes and rollers;
fine sandpaper;
solvent, gloves, stepladder.

The surface is well cleaned, dust and dirt are removed. If there is an old coating, it must be removed. Old varnish can be easily removed with soda. Places affected by fungus or mold are treated with a disinfecting and bleaching solution. The material needs high-quality grinding. To do this, use a special grinder or ordinary sandpaper.

When all defects are removed and the irregularities are smoothed out, a layer of primer is applied to the surface, which fills the wood pores. After it dries, a special antiseptic composition is applied, which helps to increase the life of the wood. This is the so-called covering layer.

After about a day, no less, you can proceed directly to varnishing the house. It is better to use a brush made of natural bristles for this.

During use, individual hairs do not fall out of it, complicating the process and worsening the quality of work. The varnish should be stirred so that a homogeneous, uniform mass is obtained. Then it will lie down in a thin and even layer, and the coating will not have sloppy streaks.

After the final drying of the initial varnish layer, the surface is lightly sanded. After that, a second, final layer of varnish is applied, which may be colorless.

Wooden products and buildings need protection. For this purpose, impregnations, paints, varnishes are used. With the help of paint, wood can be given any color, but an opaque coating will hide the pattern. While varnish allows you to simultaneously protect the wood and highlight its natural beauty. The choice of varnish is a responsible matter, how not to get lost in the variety and choose exactly what you need?

What are wood varnishes

Varnish is a viscous substance that consists of dissolved resins and polymers - mainly in volatile solvents. If this substance is applied to any surface, the solvent will evaporate, leaving a film - dense and shiny. Basically, wood is varnished - one of the most beloved and popular building materials. The problem is that the tree is vulnerable to various external influences, so the varnish coating is necessary, first of all, in order to prolong the life of the wood.

Lacquers vary in gloss level and application: for indoor or outdoor use. The properties of varnish depend on its base. For example, alkyd-carbamide varnishes allow you to create a durable coating, and alkyd varnishes protect wood from moisture. Oil or petropolymer varnish will help protect surfaces that take a lot of stress - floors or stairs.

The most popular varieties are parquet varnishes. For wood, acrylic and alkyd, water-based and oil varnishes are mainly used. Wood varnish can be bought at any hardware store, having previously studied the range in order to choose exactly the product that you need.

A very important parameter for varnish is its gloss. It all depends on what brightness of the light flux is reflected from the surface.

According to the type of gloss, they distinguish:

High-gloss varnish for wood (the gloss of this product is more than 90%).
Gloss varnish for wood (the gloss of this product is from 80 to 90%).
Semi-gloss varnish for wood (the gloss of this product is from 40 to 50%).
Semi-matt varnish for wood (the gloss of this product is from 10 to 15%).
Matt varnish for wood (the gloss of this product is less than 10%).

Among other things, today there are tinting varnishes - thanks to the innovation, with the help of coloring, you can change the shade and even color.

Varnish for wood: interior work

By varnishing a tree, you not only decorate objects, but also protect them. By themselves, varnishes are able to emphasize the dignity of wood and deepen the texture and color, and, no matter where you use these Construction Materials- whether you have a wooden floor, or furniture, or walls.

Experts distinguish the following wood varnishes designed for interior work:

Parquet.
Furniture.
Universal.

parquet varnish

The parquet board, like the parquet itself, needs high-level protection. If they are not protected with varnish, then the coating will last less than a year. It is in your interest to choose a quality product that can provide long-term safety and ease of maintenance - parquet varnish is exactly what you need. In addition, varnished parquet looks very rich and beautiful.

Parquet varnishes have a rich assortment - their difference is in the base and the effect they create. After varnishing, the surface will be glossy or matte - depending on which product you choose.

When choosing a parquet varnish, it is necessary to take into account the fact which room you will cover with this product. For example, if this is a bedroom, then you can buy a "simpler" varnish, because in this room there will be much less load on the floor than in the hallway or in the kitchen. In these rooms, it is best to use a varnish that has additional protection for the surface on which it is applied.

When choosing a varnish, be sure to pay attention to:

Its technological properties: be sure to consider the consistency and method of application.
Its appearance: it can be either transparent or have some kind of tinting for wood.
The degree of its gloss: gloss or haze, as a percentage.

Below you will get acquainted with the types of parquet varnish.

Varnish for wood: primer

These products are used exclusively for the initial coating of wood in order to enhance its adhesion. Priming varnishes are helpful if you need to get an even shade, if you need to isolate wood, or to keep water residue from getting on the building material.

In addition, thanks to priming varnishes, you can save money, since you will need much less topcoat. True, it is necessary to take a very responsible approach to the choice of a primer varnish, since it must ideally fit under the finishing (main) coating.

Wood varnish: water soluble

Water varnish for wood is most often used, because its price-quality is most consistent with reality.
It contains not only water, but also emulsifiers and solvents. But it is thanks to the water that it dries slowly.
Water-soluble varnishes differ from each other in composition. They either do not contain solvents at all, or the percentage of this substance is about 5% or about 15%.
The main disadvantage of water-based varnishes is that they perfectly penetrate into all cracks, which creates additional floor squeaks. That is why experts advise pre-applying a primer - also on water.
Water-based varnishes also have the disadvantage of very low wear resistance. But it is still possible to increase it - manufacturers do this by adding special additives (although there is one more “but” - such materials are applied only when the humidity in the room is not more than 50%!).
In addition, waterless varnishes cannot be applied with brushes or sponges - only with a roller.
As for the advantages of waterless varnishes, they do not have a strong specific smell due to the content of water and are absolutely non-flammable.

Wood varnish: polyurethane

Anhydrous or polyurethane varnishes have a high level of protection - they tend to withstand high loads.
In addition, these varnishes have very high adhesive properties.
Polyurethane varnishes must be thoroughly mixed, as they are either one-component or two-component.
As for the base, a solvent is used to create these products, as well as either acrylic or urethane.
Waterless varnish dries very quickly - much faster than water.
During application or during its drying, the varnish must be secured - not even a drop of water should fall on it.
Such varnishes do not require a primer on the wood before application.
Polyurethane varnishes are quite elastic.
Waterless varnishes do not need a special room microclimate.
During operation, they are not afraid of water.
At present, polyurethane varnish is the most the best remedy for application to the floor, even if there is a large load on the coating indoors.

Varnish for wood: alkyd

The basis for alkyd varnishes is natural raw materials - these are oil resins. Most often, linseed and wood oils are used, so such varnishes penetrate deep into the wood and cover the entire surface with high quality.
Alkyd varnishes are quite toxic, since they contain a high concentration of a component such as white spirit.
Thanks to alkyd varnishes, the structure of the tree stands out more clearly.
Alkyd varnishes can enhance the natural beauty of wood.
Oil-based varnishes are well tolerated by various mechanical loads, including: temperature changes and humidity.
Alkyd varnishes during application do not jam into all the cracks and do not stick together boards or other objects.
It is necessary to dry alkyd varnish at a low temperature, since to high temperature he is very sensitive.
Alkyd varnishes have low wear resistance.
These varnishes are applied in a thin layer, this must be strictly monitored.

Wood varnish: formaldehyde

The basis of these varnishes is formaldehyde resins, which are dangerous to human health, therefore, it is necessary to apply the substance in a respirator.
Such varnishes are the most wear-resistant of all other types of varnishes.
Formaldehyde varnishes can be applied immediately as a finishing agent - without a primer.
Formaldehyde varnishes have very good adhesion to wood.
Formaldehyde-based varnishes do an excellent job with temperature changes and any humidity.
Formaldehyde varnishes can be applied with any tool: roller, brush, etc.
Formaldehyde varnishes have a very pungent odor - this is their main drawback.
The consistency of formaldehyde varnishes is very thick - it is very sticky, so it can stick dies together.

Is it difficult to choose a varnish for a room? Contact a specialist who can advise you.

But many advise such an algorithm:

For the bedroom or children's rooms - water-soluble.
For the living room, office or balcony - alkyd.
For the corridor, hallway or kitchen - formaldehyde.

Varnish for wood: furniture

Wooden furniture is very expensive, so experts advise paying special attention to protecting these items - for example, you need to choose a good varnish.

Furniture varnish will not only create a protective layer, but also emphasize the elegance and structure of the tree.

Today there are such means for furniture:

Oil varnish for wood.
Alcohol varnish for wood.
Alkyd varnish for wood.
Acrylic varnish for wood.
Polyurethane varnish for wood.

The most popular and popular last type is polyurethane. It is wear and impact resistant. In addition, this varnish can be used for both indoor and outdoor use.

Today, varnish manufacturers add various additional substances to polyurethane, for example, antioxidants or ultraviolet absorbers. Due to its high performance, this tool is used not only for varnishing furniture, but also for a wide variety of surfaces.

The advantage of polyurethane varnishes is that they are harmless. In addition, they are environmentally friendly. And yet - they are really transparent and do not tend to turn yellow over time.

Varnish for wood: outdoor work

To protect wood that is outdoors and is subjected to various mechanical stresses on a daily basis, it is necessary to use a special varnish for outdoor use. Such a tool has increased protective properties and is able to protect the wood from the aggression of the external environment, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the tree.

Lacquer for outdoor work is intended for painting:

facades;
garden furniture;
gazebos;
fences;
wooden flooring;
terraces;
beams and lags;
log cabins (including their crowns).

Varnish for outdoor work perfectly protects the tree from moisture and precipitation. Wooden objects will serve you for a very long time - it will be enough to apply a protective layer of varnish on them.

And, despite the fact that wood varnish for outdoor use has a higher price than that created for indoor use, it is still a savings, because thanks to such protection, you will definitely extend the life of wood products!

In order to varnish wooden objects, you must follow some simple rules:

Sand the wooden surface.
If there is paint or varnish on the wood, these layers must be removed. This is best done with sandpaper (minimum 100R).
If you paint with tinting varnish, the wood can be opened with a stain.
After grinding, the dust must be carefully swept away.
Now a primer varnish is applied - so you protect the coating from bubbles and all kinds of visual defects.
Applying varnish.

Varnish can be applied in several ways, the most common - with a roller or brush.

Brush. It is used when applying varnish to hard-to-reach places and when painting small elements and details. In order not to leave traces of streaks, use a brush that has "fluff" at the ends of the bristles.
roller. Used on large surfaces. When choosing a roller, please note that the pile should not be longer than 5 mm.
Spraying. Most the best way when the varnish is applied using a compressor and a spray gun. This is the most The best way, as it is economical and allows you to paint even very hard-to-reach places. Thanks to spraying, the coloring will be of very high quality.

Before applying the varnish, mix it thoroughly, especially if the product you have chosen is a two-component one. This is necessary for the durability of the varnish coating.

If you are going to apply varnish several times on the surface, be sure to go between the layers with sandpaper (220R) and remove the dust after that.

The layers of varnish depend on what you are specifically varnishing: if it is a floor, then three layers are needed, and if it is furniture, then two layers will be enough (this calculation includes a primer).

After you have varnished the surface, you must wait for time to dry completely. There is no single advice here, since it is different for different manufacturers - the period is indicated on the bank, so carefully study everything that is written on the package.

Varnish for wood. Video