Why did I decide to make the project's children's project. Project on the "Children of War". Stages of work on the project

Children of war 1941-1945

leader:

Lemeshko L.M.

Objective of the project: Explore the facts of the participation of children in the events of the Great Patriotic War. Structure research: 1. To explore the literature on this topic. 2. Conduct a survey in the environment of its peers at school that they are known about the participation of children during the Great Patriotic War, ask in adults. 3. Make conclusions.

Tasks

Learn about the life of children in wartime.

Conduct survey.

Analyze the received

information and draw conclusions.

Hypothesis:
In severe time, children carried all the war along the war along with adults.

Ways to solve problems

Drawing up an action plan.

Development of questionnaire for students.

Collection of information on the topic of the project.

In the rear

In the village at the factory

Girls and boys grown bread, harvested harvest, stood at the machine.

Children at war

How many of their small, courageous hearts, how much love and devotion to their homeland ...

At the front

Boys and girls walked to the front in the military units, became sons and daughters of the regiments.

Marat went to intelligence, both alone and the group. Participated in the raids. Used the echelons. For the fight in January 1943, when, wounded, he raised his comrades in the attack and made his way through the enemy ring, Marat received the medal "for the courage." And in May 1944, Marat died. Returning from the task together with the intelligence commander, they came across the Germans. The commander was killed immediately, Marat, shooting, discarded in a hollow. It was nowhere to leave in a clean field, and there was no opportunity - Marat was hardly wounded. While there were cartridges, held the defense, and when the store was empty, picked up my last weapons - two grenades that did not shoot the belt. One threw in the Germans, and left the second. When the Germans approached very close, blew themselves together with the enemies.

Marat Kazei

There were tense days and months of harsh guerrilla life. Together with other combat comrades, Leonid exploded railway bridges, warehouses of ammunition and food, destroyed fascist echelons. The partisan group of Golikov accompanied the majority (250 century 250) with food from the partisan edge for the starving Leningrad. Front he passed at night under the cover of artillery. The operation was successful. The partisans were safely returned to the detachment with carrying, loaded with weapons and ammunition. For the valor and courage, Leonid was awarded the Order of the Red Banner and the Medal "for the courage", he became a brigadier intelligence. In total, he destroyed 78 fascists, undermined two railway and 12 highway bridges, burned two food-foded warehouses and 10 cars with ammunition. "; Separately, a feature was celebrated, perfect by Leonid on August 13, 1942.

The Presidium of the Supreme Council by the Decree of April 2, 1944 assigned him the title of Hero of the Soviet Union

Lenya Golikov

When the underground Komsomol organization "Young Avengers" was organized in the city of Obol, Portnova became her member. The Avengers not only distributed and opened leaflets, but also mined for partisans information about the actions of the Germans. With their help managed to arrange several sabotage on the railway, and not only on the rails, but also at the station. Wastered the waterproof, which was delayed to the front a dozen echelons. The underground workers blew up a local power station, burned flaxage, disabled several trucks. Zina managed to get a German dining room for personnel. Having worked there a little, she managed to carry out a cruel, but effective operation - poisoned food. More than 100 Germans were injured. To avoid arrest, she had to go to the partisans. In the detachment, she became a scout, participated in the undermines of echelons.

Zina Portnova

Children of blockades

11-years old Savicheva .

"December 28, 1941. Zhenya died ... Grandma died on January 25, 1942, March 17 - Lek died, Uncle Vasya died on April 13, May 10 - Uncle Lesha. Mom - May 15. And then - without the date: "Savicheva died. All died. There was one Tanya. "

Schoolchildren blockades

In the besieged city, 30 schools worked. Children studied. It was a feat !

Help Front

But not all children could work at the factories, fighting in partisan detachments ...

Name the date the beginning and graduation of the Great Patriotic War.

Dalited the correct answer - 62 people
Could not answer - 7 people

Why is this war called the Great Patriotic War?

Big, long war - 10 people
All rose to the fight against the enemy - 8 people
Do not know -20 people
Difficult to 38 people

Death, hunger, destroy - 59 people
Difficult to answer - 10 people

What troubles brought the Great Patriotic War?

* Death, hunger, ruin-59 people

* Difficult to answer - 10 people

What war characters are you known?

* Called- 12 people

* Could not -57 human

Output

B. Arelshdomy student know what war is. What pain and loss carries the cruelty and destruction, suffering many people and first of all children.

From the conversation with the class teacher, we learned about the children who, along with adults, fought in the Great Patriotic War were connected, reconnaissance, radio players in partisan detachments.
We believe that the future is impossible without the past and present. We need to know not only the history of our country, but also the history of his family.

Output

Our hypothesis was confirmed. The children made a huge contribution to the victory over the fascists. They helped the Soviet army in the rear, at the front and in the partisan underground. There were a lot of them, ordinary schoolchildren who became underground workers, inevitable, radar and partisans. I gave life for us to calmly grow in peacetime.

Output

For a long time, Military vololates have long. We live on a peaceful land. But remember the courage, Strength and fraternity Last war gray. About the exploits - poems are famous. About glory - songs create. "Heroes never die, Heroes in our memory live! "

Informational resources

Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language. - Yekaterinburg, "Ural - Tips" ("News"), 2006
Encyclopedia Avantage. History of the 20th century.
Internet - resource: http://ru.wikipedia.org/ et al.

Thank you for your attention

Thank you for your attention!

Marina Pronno
Project "Children of War"

Subject project: « Children of war»

Tell the children O. war,

Do not be afraid to scare fucker truth,

Tell the children O. war,

They need to know and need to remember

Tell the children O. war,

Let your memory come to them in the heart

Tell the children O. war ... N.. Verb

Problem: « Children Great domestic war» - so called 70-85 years old people today. These are our grandparents, great-grandmothers and great-grandfathers who during war were children and who know war Not on films and books, but on our own memories. Children war During the WWI, it was difficult to, their best childhood years had taken away during deprivation and grief, they learned what hunger and cold, death and suffering. The problem of the revival and preservation of spiritual and moral values, the introduction of preschoolers to the historical past of the Motherland remains relevant, since modern children can not imagine what to grow during war.

purpose: Creating conditions for enriching children knowledge of the Second World War, upbringing patriotism, a sense of pride in his family, country, homeland.

Tasks: 1) introduce children with the history of the Second World War

2) Organization of the search, research activities of children and parents.

3) Help better learn the history of Russia, the story of a small homeland, his family.

4) clarify the knowledge of the holiday of the Victory Day, clarify in children why he is so named and whom congratulated this day.

5) Continue to acquaint with combat awards during the Second World War

6) Compare the life of modern children with the life of children of war years.

7) Organize cooperation with parents, to support and promote families in educating patriotic feelings from preschoolers.

8) to form an opinion on the inadmissibility of repetition war.

Hypothesis:

If you use a comprehensive approach to familiarize preschoolers with militaries, as they lived children in those challenging years of warThis will contribute to the expansion of their ideas about the importance of the celebration of the Victory Day, the upbringing began patriotic feelings.

A type project: Informational and practical oriented

Deadlines project: Long-term project(November 2014 May 2015)

Scale project: Group (with parents, in a group with children)

Participants project: Preschoolers visiting the preparatory group of kindergarten, educators, parents.

Table 1. Stages of implementation project, Content project activities

1 stage preparatory

Purpose Stage Work with parents Working with children

Formation of sustainable interest in the subject project. Integrate parents project, give an idea of \u200b\u200bhow to elaborate in it (the collection of the military of things: Military binoculars, soldier's pot, telephone apparatus of the time, tablet, medals and orders of the Second World War, etc.) Test to the perception of artistic works about war

Stories about children heroes

Cognitive conversations about the Second World War, about children on warWhat is heroism.

Creating a problem situation for children. - joint search for information

Collection of documents from family archives about children war. - Specify knowledge of the holiday of the Day of Victory, explain why it is so called, and who congratulates on this day.

- Consider photos: « Children Heroes Great» , "Unkown soldiers grave", "Songs of the War Years"

2 stage main

Formation of children interest in the history of Russia - information in the parental corner, consultation for parents "Why tell children about war?»

Reading and discussing works about war

Drawing up stories with the help of parents and relatives who fought, making book-memory, viewing materials from family archives (Photo of the Orden Medal)

The assimilation of the thoughts that many years later people remember about the events of the Terrible Years war, remember the memory of the dead, surround the care of veterans who defended their homeland. Preparation of the presentation « Children of war» - Excursions to the Museum of Railway Technology, to the Montument of Glory

Explain why monuments, obeliski, monuments do, explain the meaning of concepts "Laying colors", "Minute silence".

3 stage final

Develop in children the desire to express in speech, musical activity, productive activities (drawing, modeling, knowledge gained in the Second World War, summing up, evaluation of efficiency project. Holiday, the design of the thematic exhibition in the parental corner. - Greeting a congratulatory wall-newspaper for veterans, an exhibition of children's drawings "Not war» !

Holiday "Soldiers, my fame to you forever!" Registration of the thematic exhibition

Production of postcards for veterans.

Activities: During the implementation project The following are envisaged events: Meetings with veterans of the Second World War, City Excursions to the Monuments of Glory with Flowers, Cognitive classes and conversations on the topic, collecting and viewing military time, reading books on Hero Pioneers, Children's Stories during the years war, considering old photos from family album, illustrations, reproductions of paintings on the topic, photos of monuments dedicated to the children of the Second World War, making books of memory of people who during the Second World War were children.

Cement Competition - Poems about war

Productive activity:

Lepak "Katyusha"Creation (Relief) Plane Patterns Using Nalepe Method

Torlet "Five-pointed Star"

Crafts of anniversary cards for veterans

Congratulations to Dad to the Day of Defender of the Fatherland

Estimated result:

The formation of senior preschoolers of the foundations of patriotism, citizenship, knowledge of the history of Russia, their family and relatives of the past Words. Enrichment of knowledge of children about BOB 1941-1945, awareness of children such as « war» , "veteran", "heroism".

Diagnostics:

At the beginning project: high level - 0 people (0%, medium level - 12 people (63.2%, low level - 7 people (36,8%)

Histogram 1.

Table 2. Analysis of the results of the diagnosis of children.

Number of persons %

High 0 0.

Average 12 63,2

Low 8 36.8.

Finally project: High level - 11 people (57.9%, medium level - 8 people (42.8%, low level - 0 people (0%)

Histogram 2.

Table 3. Total result of diagnosing children.

Number of persons %

High level 11 57.9

Middle level 8 42.1

Low 0 0

The results of the study showed that the work carried out has a positive result. Children had an interest in everything that is associated with military topics - this is reflected in different activities. Preschoolers were pleased to be enabled in research activities, a new one for them, and there is no doubt that as a result of a systematic, purposeful work in a child, elements of patriotism are formed.

Publications on the topic:

"Children of war". Music and literary composition dedicated to the Victory Day in the Great Patriotic War For children of preparatory groups. The purpose of the event: the formation of the socio-active position of children, the upbringing of the sense of patriotism, preservation.

Conversation "Children - Heroes of the Great Patriotic War" for children of senior preschool age Purpose: give children a presentation on this topic. "Children are the heroes of the Great Patriotic War" during the Great Patriotic War, when the Motherland.

Kids and parents participated. Registration Shirma to the classroom Presentation of the team "Pedestrian" Presentation "team" Traffic light "Spectators - students.

Staging to the anniversary of the Great Patriotic War "Children of War" On the scene - four boys in military uniform. Host: They met the war at different ages: Someone is quite a bluer, someone teenager, someone.

Project "Gray Children of War"

Author: Shushunova Svetlana Anatolyevna, teacher of additional education GBU Kaluzhsky SRTSN "Nadezhda"
Objective of the project: To illuminate the fate of the former juvenile prisoners of countrymen during the Great Patriotic War through the prism of the history of their family.
Project tasks:
Expand the knowledge of students about the Great Patriotic War
Collect information about the history of your family during the war years
Collect memories of former juvenile prisoners of fascist concentration camps
Analyze the information received and systematize it
Embossing the album "Memory Pages" with the stories of former juvenile prisoners of fascist concentration camps
Talk about the searches-countrymen at an open event "We remember, we are proud, thank"

Project participants: Pupils of GBU Kaluzhsky SRTSN "Nadezhda"
Project partners: Parents, relatives, former juvenile prisoners of the Kaluga region

Target group of the project:
The project is addressed to schoolchildren

Project Type: Creative, group, short-term

Duration of the project:1 month

Terms of project implementation: March, April

Research methods:interview method, interview, sourcing

"Dear unthinkable sadness,
A dear death was led by war. "
E. Kuzin
Introduction.
The glorious page of heroic affairs is inscribed by Kaluzhans to the chronicle of the Great Patriotic War. In the terrible day, 140 thousand of our countrymen took place at the front. They courageously fought with a hated enemy on all the fronts of the Great Patriotic War.
In August-September 1941, the situation on the fronts was becoming more severe, the enemy was approaching Kaluga. On October 12, the enemy took Kaluga, and by the end of October the entire territory of the Kaluga region turned out to be occupied.
After capturing Kaluga, the Germans began to conduct repressive measures among the inhabitants of the city. Many buildings they turned into the dungeons.
A concentration camp was created in the cooperative village at Oka. On Lenin Square, the gallows were built on October 20, 1941, four patriots hung. On October 7, on the market square Kaluga, the fascists shot 20 Kaluzhan. On December 21, the invaders set fire to the house 41 along Sverdlov Street, in which 14 people died. No less severe Germans came in other cities and villages of the Kaluga land.
Thousands of our little compatriots were sharpened to the concentration camps, hurt into slavery, who with parents, and whoever alive. They carried their heavy cross - innocent, devoid of joyful pore - childhood. A great domestic in a small, unprotected souls passed heavy catcher. And they are the last witnesses of that terrible war, which claimed 27 million human lives.
Hypothesis:
The Great Patriotic War took millions of lives, ruined millions of talents, destroyed millions of human destinies. At this time, many people, in particular, young people know little about the history of their country, and after all, witnesses of the events of the Great Patriotic War every year becomes less and less. These are people of old age - the great-grandfather and great-grandmothers of the center pupils. Perhaps relatives of pupils were the participants of the Great Patriotic War, worked in the rear or were sharpened to the concentration camps, hurt into slavery. And if now not to record their memories, they will simply disappear along with people without leaving a well-deserved trail in history.
Relevance:
In this 2015, our country celebrates the 70th anniversary of the Victory anniversary in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. On April 11, the International Day of Liberation of the Prisoners of Fascist Conditioners established by the UN. This year, this day for a number of reasons and events in Ukraine, Russia, Europe and the world has gained special importance for children who have passed through the harsh and tragic moments of the Great Patriotic War. The defeat of the fascist Germany by the Soviet people and the participants of the Antihytler Coalition, the Victory Day on May 9, 1945 gave all the land and hope for the fact that fascism was defeated and will not happen again. But life in recent months showed that the roots of Nazism and fascism were preserved - again, as 80 years ago, the ideas of nationalist superiority, the glorification of Nazi accomplices, punishers, bans of native languages \u200b\u200bof communication were preached.

The estimated result of the project:
Acquisition of search and research skills
The assimilation of the project creation algorithm: the purpose of the goal, the search for various means of achieving the goal, the analysis of the results obtained
Expansion of knowledge about the Great Patriotic War
Preservation of memory about the harsh years of the lives of seizures-countrymen
Formation of respectful attitude to war participants

Possible difficulties of project implementation and ways out of them:
Labor difficulties Pedagogical Actions
Students do not have experience in interviewing training communication
Joint development of questionnants
Students are poorly owning information collection and processing skills use project samples
editing
Operating skill work on PC VWORD and PowerPoint
Insufficiently developed formed skills Organization of mutual assistance, mutual education
No help from parents Motivation of parents for joint activities
Students do not have experience in establishing contact
With veterans workplace contact with former juvenile prisoners

(BMU) concentration camps
Organization meeting with bm
Working out of the rules of behavior of students when communicating with bm
Stages of work on the project:
1. Preparatory stage
Drawing up a work plan
Conversation "What do I know about the life of relatives during the war years?"
Conversation "What do I know about the former juvenile prisoners of fascist concentration camps?"
Collection and analysis of literature on this topic
Development of project content

2. The main stage
Collection of information about the life of relatives during the Great Patriotic War
Interview with parents, relatives about the history of their family during the Great
Reading the book "Gray Children of War"
Meeting with former juvenile prisoners of fascist concentration camps
Photographing a meeting

3. Final stage
Creating a presentation "Gray Children of War"
Creating "Pages of Memory" with the stories of former juvenile prisoners of fascist concentration camps with photos
Excursion to the Victory Square for Eternal Flame, Laying Flowers to the Monument to the Prisoners of Fascism
Calculation of the classroom "We remember, we are proud, thank"

Children of World War II,
Their grandchildren and great-grandcom
Dedicated
I know, remember you, not forgotten
Huts of childhood and sky over it,
How in war us fascists rupties
Behind the fences concentration camps.
We all seen everything experienced
Hunger, cold, beatings and fear,
Sometimes came to bare naughty
Baby with seeding on temples.
In the bruises all the beaten body,
Horror pain in the eyes
For sins that the authorities had
Our fascists burned in the furnaces.
Together, everything, they say, much bolder,
We are so few survivors,
The most friendly should be friendly
And the relatives of even the most relatives.
Songs of the truth about us did not fold
Did not comply with truthful poems,
And roads closed the roads
Kids who did not have sins.

District Leonid Ivanovich
Prisoner №65468 Concentration camp Dahau.
The main stage of the project
In the course of the project, the students of the Center studied literature on Kaluga during the Great Patriotic War. The book of memories of former juvenile prisoners of the fascist concentration camps "Gray Children of War" had a huge shock. The guys read the book and shared with each other with their impressions.
Then each of the pupils made possible questions for interviewing information about the history of their family during the war years, then discussed and chose only important issues. After that, everyone began to collect information from their parents. Many guys had to contact their grandparents and other relatives.
From an interview with parents, the guys found out that the family of Grandmother Shushunova Dmitriy in the days of the Great Patriotic War was vigorous to the concentration camp. Also learned that in Kaluga there is a public organization "Kaluga Branch of the Union of Former Minor Prisoners of Fascist Conditioners." Parents helped to arrange a meeting with former juvenile prisoners.
On the eve of April 11 - the International Day of Liberation of the Prisoners of Fascist concentration camps, the pupils of GBU Kaluzhsky Srdzn "Nadezhda" met with former juvenile prisoners. At the meeting, the guys got acquainted with Filatova Valentina Nikolaevna, sister's grandmother Shushunova Dmitry, who is now headed by the Public Organization "Kaluga Branch of the Union of Former Minor Prisoners of Fascist Conditioners."
At the meeting, the guys carefully listened to terrible memories of military time. Filatova Valentina Nikolaevna, Ishchenko Lyubov Aleksandrovna, Bashmakov Antonina Vasilyevna, Pavlova Ksenia Sergeevna, Lukyanova Nina Grigorievna, shared his memories with students. Gray children could not hold back tears. The guys heard a cry of children's souls with that distant war. The meeting was held in a warm atmosphere. Former juvenile prisoners wished the guys to learn well, get those professions that they dream of. Most prisoners in the post-war could not get education in the soul, because After the liberation, returned to the homeland, they added to themselves for two or three years and went to restore the destroyed war farming, raise from the ruins of the city and the villages.
The gray-haired children of the war were brought to the guys an important truth: fascism, in any of its manifestation has no right to exist. Happiness is a peaceful sky above your head. At the end of the meeting, the guys as a sign of respect and gratitude presented formerly juvenile protzes of flowers.
During the search and research work, the guys were convinced that few people know about the prisoners. Therefore, in his project, they decided to tell about four former juvenile prisoners, our countrymen.
Chapter 1. Children of War
The great domestic in small, unprotected souls passed the heavy roller. And they are the last witnesses of that terrible war, which claimed 27 million human lives.
Thousands of our little compatriots were sharpened to the concentration camps, hurt into slavery, who with parents, and whoever alive. They carried their heavy cross - innocent, devoid of joyful pore - childhood. Clear labor and illness, hunger and cold were satellites of children. They were sacing over them, medical experiments were carried out, they took blood. They took their most holy - relatives, their homeland, the future. It is impossible to forget and impossible to forgive.
War is a nationwide trouble. And this is a well-known truth. But if they understand it as adults, then children ... children have their own perception of the world: sensual-colored. Joy is soft good hands mom, warm sun, grass greens. The trouble is completely different colors - gray-black, cold and hungry, and the constant sensation of fear, pain that fall into the eyes. Pure child desire to escape, hide, close your eyes. Only would you kill from memory, from today's life? Bitter memory, terrible pops up in the night. It is said that since over the years, childhood comes again: it seemed a lot forgotten, worn, but then for some kind of obscure mental laws, real events of children's years pop up in the presentation so clearly, clearly and truthfully, as if on the movie screen, you again scroll through your life . Sometimes these memories are so intrusive and the sharp, which seems to be worried about everything that was in childhood.
Chapter 2. Memories of juvenile prisoners.
1. From the memories of Adamova (Yashchenko), the hopes of Antonovna 1932g.r., Lives in the city of Meshevsk, Kaluga region.
I was 9 years old, I didn't understand much, but baby memory, like a sponge, everything absorbed.
They took the villagers, what they were, not allowing anyone to take anything of things. The brother in his arms has a lot of crust, I did not let out the maternal head of the skirt out of the fist. Brought us to Vitebsk, to the station. Creek. Cry. Everyone hugged, sobbed, as if they understood that they were forgiven forever.
Under the protection of soldiers and dogs led to the composition. Butlands shook all in the covered cargo wagons and were lucky in an unknown direction. The people were in the car so much that there was no possibility to lie down. Even sitting nowhere was to stretch his legs. But the more days we went, the one became spacious: the children were dying first, he parted adults with life. How many days we were still unknown.
Finally the road ended. They brought us to Poland, and some unusual name for a small town - Auschwitz - immediately crashed into memory. A large space is surrounded by barbed wire, and there are long buildings - barracks. But at first they were naked and led to the bath. In the pre-banker, each should have passed a painful procedure for spilling the number on his hand. Numerical in a row, even chest babies.
Long Barack, Three-storey Nara, Fuck Air. After you came up and changed it into striped robes, I did not recognize our fellow villagers and even my mother learned the first time only by hand - gentle, kindly.
There were no trees nearby. Circle goals and gray. And some unpleasant smell of smoke. From him he will be throne in the throat and pinch eyes. I constantly wanted to eat, lice, bugs of the bile between the boards, the whole body was scratched from the bites. Clothing was one for all seasons - striped rob.
It is difficult to say when it happened: first I was told about the death of my brother, then about the death of the sister, and then that Mom burned in the crematorium. About the fact that people burn here, I already knew. I knew because many of the villages stopped meeting. But when I learned about Mom's death - fell in infamousism. Woke up in Lazarut. How many lay there - I do not remember. I was all indifferent and not even scary. Once no sister, brother, mom, then why should I live? The following days were held as in the fog - not left in memory of neither grief, or pain, as if frozen in the solid shell of the soul, and the legs, the hands moved by themselves. Even the cold and hunger felt not so acute as before. She was mechanically - the soup, which was issued once a day, drank a glass of tea, tinted with herbs. He woke up only in 1945, when the camp liberated the troops of the first Belarusian and the first Ukrainian fronts. Something close and relatives, long ago forgotten on me, when the overgrown uncle raised my slender body, pressed against the gymnaster and cried, something speaking in his native Belarusian. That's how I woke up, I cried. I remember how the cookies were fed, sweets, porridge, how adult men were looking for children's clothes to remove the hated striped robe from us. It was already like that life I knew before.
Released children from Auschwitz took an orphanage in Kiev. After the war, she worked in a wolved military unit. Got married. The husband was transferred to the Kaluga region. So I found myself in the Meshovsk of the Kaluga region, which was home to me, shelter and a small homeland.
2. After the memories of Baranov Alexey Ilyich. We, children, took away from their parents and placed in groups. Surprisingly everyone fed us well. And only later we understood the reason: we periodically took blood from Vienna - building the "goats" in line. So passed months. I do not know, after what period I was returned to my parents. Joy was not limit! Later, I learned from my mother that I found some kind of illness and for this reason from my blood - refused.
It is necessary to recognize the dismissions of German doctors: after a while, my legs were taken away and I was worn only on my hands.
3. From the memories of Filatova Valentina Nikolaevna.
In August 1943, I had 7 months from the family, us: Mother, Father, Grandpa, Grandfather and aunt on the motherboard, hijacked to Germany along with other residents of this area. They drove us to the city of Düsseldorf concentration camp "Eler". According to parents, bombed from all sides every day, stood a buzz from the aircraft, trembling the earth. Once a mother and his father fell into the bombing bombing, lay on earth, and mom at that moment saw in the sky in the red glow face of the Virgin, as she said. When everything was calming, they discovered with her father that everyone was exhausted around them with fragments, there was no "living" place, and they remained intact, so you, then you, after that, do not believe in fate.
4. From the memories of Gerasimova Stasi Afanasyevna, Binnisk Kaluga region lives. 1925g.r. The first shock I experienced when the Germans began to destroy the Jews. In our village, one girl married the Jew, by the beginning of the war they had three children: 5 years, 3 years and one year. Her husband went to the front. The Germans grabbed her with the children in winter, they disassembled in Sani, beaten with sticks in blood. I remember how much the elder boy cried and begged not to beat him. Sanya did not leave, stopped. One policeman took the child behind the leg, threw, another shot on the summer. So all shocked. The mother fled behind the sleigh, she scared scary, cried, rolled her hair on himself, and then asked to kill her. But the policemen were not killed, threw in the snow - not a Jew.
Chapter 3. Return.
After liberation, returning to their homeland, they added to themselves for two or three years and went to restore the destroyed war farming, raise from the ruins of the city and settlements, agriculture. Therefore, our prisoners have the largest work experience and lowest education.
Years fly rapidly. A new generation of people who grew up under a peaceful sky came to replace witnesses of war. For all generations and for each particular person, it is paid by the suffering of millions and should be saved now alive. Nowadays, with the development of the Internet there are more opportunities to recreate and maintain the history of this nationwide feat. Memories of former juvenile prisoners are a unique source on the history of the Great Patriotic War. The stories reproduced in the book may not be impeccable in the style of the presentation, in them the main thing - the truth of life, the true history of human destinies, transmitted with all the vicinity and sincerity witnesses of those terrible events.
Orphanhood, room instead of a name, hunger, torture, slave labor - so it was the childhood of these boys and girls, miraculously survived in fascist concentration camps and at the "Bowers" and other "owners" ... experienced suffering did not seek faith in people. After many years, with a sense of gratitude, they remember the German citizens who showed elementary humanity among the sea of \u200b\u200bcruelty - whether it is a piece of bread or getting rid of beatings. Liberation, victory - the incomparable happiness of those moments the authors of the memories carried through all postwar years.

Final stage project
On the International Day of Liberation of the Prisoners of Nazi concentration camps, the pupils of GBU Kaluzhsky SRTSN "Nadezhda" laid flowers to the monument to the prisoners of fascism on the Victory Square. As planned, April 11 conducted an event "We remember, we are proud, thank you," which summed up the work on the project. The album "Memory Pages" was issued with the stories of former juvenile prisoners of fascist concentration camps and photographs. At the event, the guys decided to continue work on creating the following memory pages. The guys discussed that their hypothesis that soon there would be no living witnesses of that terrible war and in the near future, children would be able to learn about the generation date only from books and history lessons, right. This is confirmed by the numbers:
Year the number of former juvenile prisoners of fascist concentration camps in the Kaluga region
1989 22 thousand people
2014 9 thousand people

Victory Day is one of the most important Russian holidays: May 9, we forget about all disagreements and remember that we are a single people. This holiday concerns every resident of the country, it combines generations and makes everyone feel part of something important.

Practical application, useful work
As a result of the project, the pupils reached the following results:
- Keep the memory of those who survived the war in early childhood;
- there was an interest in the study of the history of the Russian state;
- there was a sense of respect for veterans of war, labor and gray children;
- acquired the skills of search and research work;
- enjoyed communication with all project participants.

Every year it becomes less and less. The Russian authorities pay special attention to the so-called children of war - citizens, which survived the events of 1941-1945 by minors. The presented category of the population is endowed by a number of special benefits and the authority, which will be described further.

Who belongs to the group "Children of War"?

Unfortunately, the specialized federal law on "children of war" as of 2017 is not accepted. Nevertheless, in various regulatory acts of the Russian Federation there are a number of provisions indicating the privileges for citizens who have experienced the Great Patriotic War. But who generally belongs to the presented category? Until the law on "Children of War", there is no special definition, which would deal with the relevant group of the population. It is unofficially believed that "children of war" are all citizens born no later than 1945. The draft federal law made to the State Duma sets the date from June 22, 1928 to September 3, 1945. At the same time, we are talking only about those people that they constantly lived in the territory of the USSR (with the exception of accused places in prison).

Types of benefits

Since the Federal Law on "Children of War" is still in development, local acts are operating in the regions of the country aimed at social support for the category of the population. At the moment, in 15 regions of Russia, "children of war" are allocated to a special group, and therefore privileges are established separately. In most subjects, the category of citizens is combined with labor veterans, disabled or

What are the types of benefits for "children of war"? The first and most important thing is, of course, an increase in pension payments. Next are additional services like free travel, benefits for communal and medical care, to install some types of equipment, as well as burial. Thus, most benefits are combined into medical, travel, tax and housing groups. Regions have the right to supplement the presented minimum benefits.

Benefits in 2017

Discounts for payment for housing and utilities services, the right of free travel, surcharges to pensions, health benefits - to use all these privileges it is necessary to confirm their status. In the IFC and organs of social protection of some regions of the country, any citizen born in the period from 1928 to 1945 can acquire a special certificate. Laws on "Children of War" of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, as well as Belgorod, Tula, Samara, Volgograd regions, are valid at a completely official basis.

There are also some other areas, edges and republics that provide the status in question on a formal basis. At the same time, the majority of subjects expect to adopt a general federal law, and therefore provide only official statuses like a military veteran, turbulent of the rear, veteran of labor, etc.

For a special certificate from the applicant, only a passport is necessary. The request for additional documentation from the state body will be unlawful. Within 2 weeks, the applicant will be assigned the corresponding status.

Other statuses

Social sphere organs often go towards citizens. Despite the fact that the Law on "Children of War" has not yet been adopted, government instances can assign other suitable status to those who need citizens. In particular, a citizen who has surrendered at least six months from June 22, 1941 to May 9, 1945, may receive the status of the rear worker. The only condition - the work was to be carried out at the non-occupied territories of the USSR. Persons with a medal for selfless work during the Great Patriotic War also have the right to receive such status. Britains and WWI disabled people can receive a number of privileges if they provide a passport and document on the right to benefits into the body.

If the size of the pension payment is below the subsistence minimum, then you should contact the pension fund or the instance of social protection. Additional enumerations of "Children of War", disabled and veterans are guaranteed.

Draft Law on "Children of War"

The Communist Party faction made a draft law back in 2013. According to the regulatory act, for the category of citizens under consideration, benefits are established in the form of an extraordinary home telephone setting, the passage of the annual medical examination, free travel, as well as advantages when entering cooperatives. It is established in the bill and 1 thousand rubles.

According to the Communist Party of the Communist Party, this amount is subject to annual indexation. If a citizen has several status, then the group of benefits is provided with only one - by choosing a citizen. The project of the Communists was not accepted by parliamentarians. In 2016, a re-initiative was submitted to the State Duma - this time, together with deputies from "Fair Russia".

Political scientists talk about the immediate adoption of the Law on "Children of War" - either at the end of 2017 or early 2018. The bill itself should consider a little more detail.

The overall characteristics of the preparing law on "Children of War"

The draft law consists of three chapters - general provisions, social support measures and the final part. The first article gives the characteristics of the group of citizens. The age of "children of war" is indicated, namely exact dates of the birth of such persons. Article 2 states about state policy.

According to the bill, the functionality of state power includes the allocation of funds from the federal budget, the implementation of social measures and informing citizens through the media. All organizational foundations, according to Article 3 of the bill, lie on the federal executive bodies. The same concerns consumables. Article 5 is enshrined the principle of priority to international norms in case of detecting contradictions with national law. Finally, the scope of application, according to article 6 of the project, is quite extensive: here it is worth noting some foreign citizens, as well as persons temporarily residing in the Russian Federation.

Social protection

According to the draft law, only 1 thousand rubles are made up. Slightly large amounts will receive citizens whose pension payments do not reach the subsistence minimum. Every year on April 1, the amount should be indexed. Citizens can receive their payments in the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. The law quite clearly defines the main benefits for pensioners with the corresponding status. All those privileges that could receive separate citizens in some regions of the country are grouped into the bill. It is about installing the phone, reception in boarding schools, medical care is out of turn and about priority when entering cooperatives. I must say that the benefits themselves are not so much. Perhaps this is due to the refusal of the State Duma in the adoption of the 2013 project, and there it was a little more benefit.

Thus, the question of which benefits of "children of war" establishes the law, cannot be considered closed. The project from 2017 presents only the main minimum of privileges, which is quite possible, will be occasionally supplemented. In addition, until the adoption, the regulatory act may be supplemented with new provisions.

Protection of "Children of War"

In the third chapter of the bill on benefits and payments to "children of war", norms relating to public associations are established. The bill enshrines the ability to create social groups where their representatives could solve pressing problems. In particular, the associations could submit claims to the social protection authorities, which are poorly or inconsistently performing their duties. The regulatory act establishes responsibility measures for such bodies in Article 10.

On the site where the draft law has been published, the economic justification of the project is given. If you believe the creators of the regulatory act, the number of Russian citizens born in the period from 1927 to 1945 is about 13 million people. Of these, benefits are a little less than a million. For issuing one payouts in the amount of 1 thousand rubles from the federal budget, 125 billion rubles per year should leave. According to compilers of the project, this is a minor amount for social support.

Municipal General Education

"Secondary school №11 of the city of Zelenokumsk

Soviet District "Stavropol Territory

Children of war

(Research Project)

Work fulfilled the student

Avdeeva Vlad.

Head - Kovalenko O.S.

2015 academic year

1. Introduction

2. Home part.

2.1. Buchenevald

2.2. It is distributed in Buchenwalde ... Auschwitz

2.3. This is heard in Buchenwalde ... Salaspils

2.4. It is distributed in Buchenwalde ... Lodz

2.5. It is distributed in Buchenwald ... Gdansk

2.6.This is heard in Buchenwald ... Sokolniki

3. Translation

4. Literature list.

5. Appointment 1. Presentation

Introduction

The project is devoted to all the dead children during the Great Patriotic War. We were born and rose in peacetime. We have never heard of the Siren who announced about military alarm, did not see houses destroyed by the fascist bombs. It is difficult for us to believe that human life, the child's life can be cut into the Krematorium oven.

"Children and War - there is no more terrible convergence of opposing things in the world," said A. Twardovsky. Mountain and suffering, pain and loss helped to raise up in our grandparents, the desire for a decent life, love for her, self-sacrifice, compassion, kindness, responsiveness, hardworking - all the qualities that are so lacking our generation. Is it really possible to raise the best moral qualities through compassion? Of course not. They can be brought up by the example of older generations, respect for the past of their loved ones and their people. Each time has its difficulties, their troubles. Justifying today's immorality, many say: "Time is!". To understand and realize to us, the younger generation, that there is no time to create a person, and he himself is the Creator of his era, I had my project "Children of War".

Relevancemy project is that I want to tell what price our peaceful childhood is paid. 13 million children died during the war years. Now, when unknown persons defeated the cemetery of prisoners of the concentration camp of Salaspils in Latvia. Local media report that the vandals defeated the graves, demolished the Orthodox crosses, pulled out flowers and green plantings. The Orthodox Chapel, located on the territory of the cemetery, was also crushed. It was placed mourning wreaths and ribbons in the colors of the Russian State Flag. The police could not delay vandals on hot wakes. We are outraged by these events and want our project to show all children.

Objective of the project:

– Education of respect for history, interest in the life of peers in wartime, education of civil and social activity, the development of creative abilities.

Project tasks:

-by get acquainted with the historical facts of the Great Patriotic War, the living conditions of children in the period of the Second World War.

- Song the geographical location of concentration camps.

Hypothesis:

What is the difference between the life positions of children of fortieth, children of the sixties and today's youth. I think that the moral principles of self-affirmation are not lost, the ability to empathize, love their homeland and work, creating something new and necessary on only to themselves, but also to all people. Not all schoolchildren know about the history of the life of the older generation during the war years, their terrible and cruel childhood, do not everyone understand what life means without a children's game, ringing laughter.

Object of study:

Events of the Great Patriotic War.

Subject of study:

The living conditions of children during the occupation period and contribution to the deal with fascism.

Chronological framework: The period of the Patriotic War.

Research methods: interviewing; reading literature on the topic; analysis of photographic materials about children of military years; Analysis of the media problem.

Project participants - Studying 5-7 classes.

Expected project implementation results:participation in the competition of patriotic projects dedicated to the Great Patriotic War

Project implementation means:program for creating presentations, documents inWord., The Internet, the song "Buchenwald Nabat",

Forms of active events:

1. Warming the classroom "Children of War"

2. Treatment on the community line dedicated to the Day of Memory of the Great Patriotic War

Stages of work on the project:

1. Preparatory

Select the topic

Definition of goal, formulating tasks.

2. Search and Research Stage

Defining sources of information.

Planning methods for collecting and analyzing information.

Preparation for research and its planning.

Conducting research. Collection and systematization of materials (facts, results) in accordance with the objectives of work, selection of illustrations.

3. Translation-shaped stage

Project prevention (in class)

Project refinement, taking into account comments and suggestions.

Preparation for public protection of the project:

Definition of a program and a public security scenario;

4. Final stage

Public protection of the project.

Summing up, constructive analysis of completed work.

Main part.

But childhood is the happiest time in the life of every child. But it so happened that many children did not see this pore. They did not have childhood. They already performed feats on par with adults. Not children's share! Wandered in the forests and villages, see enemies not in the cinema, but alive, watch death in the face, take a weapon and shoot, take revenge for parents, brothers and sisters. But it was!

The war has become a biography of a whole generation of children. Each child had his own fate in this war.

Little heroes of a big war, they fought everywhere. This is a fifth grader Marat Kazei, young partisans posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Fifteen-year-old Lenya Golikov, Hero of the Soviet Union, who died in unequal battle on January 24, 1943. Fourteen partisan Valya cat.

And it seems, again in the fight and hike

Today in the ranks of your faithful friends

Lenia Golikov, Volodya Dubinin,

Cat, Matveev, Zverev, Kaza ... (P. Zheleznov)

Zina Portnova, Larisa Mikheenko ..

Boria Kuleshin fought at the sea, and in the sky Arcasha Kamanin,.

Other children withstood Leningrad's blockade - 900 days. Tanya Savicheva she did not shoot the fascists, was not a scout from the partisans. She just lived in his hometown. The fascists are to blame for those who ordered her and thousands of children on hunger flour, on slow dying in an ice apartment filled with corpses of relatives and neighbors.

Children of war, they fought in the work front, working for 12-14 hours, underwent and inaccuing. And when their growth did not allow to stand up the machine, they got up on the boxes and worked. Their enemy was not in a helmet and with a machine gun, it is most often a faceless, as, for example, it is always a faceless hunger, and I invise, as always there is an invisible approaching death. Everything for the front is all for victory. They were collected by metal for the construction of tanks and aircraft. Collected warm things, knitted mittens and sewed clothes. They performed in hospitals, cared for wounded. But there were children who fell into a concentration camp. Valentin Nesterov, then he was 9, leaving Nikolaev with his mother. During the bombing, they lost each other. His, hiding in a funnel that was populated by what would find on the gardens, the German policemen were sent under arrest. The young partisan of Vladimir Macienko - he was 12 years old, captured during the clouds when he was in touch with underground workers. The fourteen-year-old Pavel Kayun was taken for trying to hide in the forest when young people hijacked to work in Germany. In Germany, 1100 concentration camps, in each died 1200- 2000 people per day. And in Latvia, Belarus, in Poland and in other countries?!

Even in Sokolniki was a children's house, which became the camp ...

Here they are knowingly dead, we dedicate our project.

2.1. Buchenevald

People of the world for a minute, stand up!

Listen, listen: buzzing on all sides -

It is distributed in Buchenwald ...

By the end of the war, Buchenwald was the largest concentration camping in Germany. From 1937 to 1945, about 250,000 people were deported here from all over Europe. When the Americans occupied Buchenwald, they managed to free 21 thousand prisoners, among them 904 children, the youngest prisoner was not 4 years old. Little prisoners of the concentration camp needed not just to survive

... How did the children get to Buchenwald? Everyone has their own destiny. All of them found themselves on the baking camp Buchenwald. And through the born windows were seen as near the crematorium dumping, as if the Tree, who had evolved, who had mastered the unbearable work of people in which life was still warm. In August 1944, the Buchenwald International Committee decided to find among the prisoners-underground teachers who will lead lessons in the Children's Barack. Following the teacher N.V. Fedosenko The historian Nikolai Fedorovich Kyung came to children, Biologist Mikhail Vasilyevich Levshenkov and the artist of the Rostov Circus Yakov Gofman. The latter brought a tin can with him, which pulled the strings. Jacob Gofman played on this "musical instrument", showed focuses, put on a funny mask, so that children would at least smile.

Nikolai Fedorovich Küung told: "Once in the evening, I was called from the barrack and passed that I approached the agreed place. There I was waiting for a connected. He said that the underground committee gives me a task - to conduct lessons in the children's barrack. When I went to the first lesson, I was worried about tears. After all, I myself had two children. What about them? I did not know. In the barrack I was already waiting for me. Children sat on the horses, on the floor. Faces ocked: huge sticking ears, eyes with an expression of the usual fright. Lessons in the usual order: Questions - answers, job tasks. The whole point of our classes was to try to distract the children from fear in which they lived, help them believe that it would not forever last the Kator. Our victory will come. When he began to speak, he saw the children in his eyes - how difficult it was to distract them from sorting doom. " The fascists harbor children instead of horses, climbed into the wagon, took the whip and brought them with a loud laughter. At the same time they shouted, so that they sang on the go. They called them and called them: "singing horses." "Before the barracks stood a wooden" goat "for spanking. Execution went every day, - recalled in a conversation with me I. P. Nikolenko (when he fell into a concentration camp, he was 14 years old). For what guards could punish, including children? Even for what it seemed to them, as if you had no quickly drowned his striped hat, approaching him, or looked too bold. Could you immediately knock the pistol handle, or overlook the whip. With me more than once they did such "fun": I descended a dog on me, on the mouth of which a muzzle would be put. A huge dog dumped me from the legs, rode on the ground. Standing around the guards laughed. " Another prisoner from Children's Barack I.A. Borisov told: "We were told in the concentration camp, the guards said that it was possible to get out of Buchenwald only through the crematorium pipe. Whatever you do - whether the Balant will receive a bowl, dragged in the rank on a roll ring, - it was visible from everywhere how the smoke from the pipe comes out. Someone burns life. And who will get there tomorrow? With this thought there lived. " Still, the underground school worked. The teachers knew that children would not just survive, but also to preserve their mental health. They should not have suffered suffering from becoming embittered animals. If children see that they came to them with good, then maybe they will be able to keep confidence in person. The underground workers worked on a storage warehouse, and in the office. So, on the leaflet, collected for children paper, pencils. Found a piece of plywood, which was highlighted as a blackboard. When they began to ask children, it turned out that some of the daily fear were forgotten how words are written. And everyone, coming to the lesson, began with Azov. But this is what the teachers remain in memory: they felt - children want to learn!

After lessons, at night, having grown on the horses, they recalled the books that managed to read before the war. Several evenings in a row retell each other "Spartak" and "Ovod". What to learn was dangerous, understood all the inhabitants of the children's barrack. Always at the entrance and at the approaches to the shed sat children as if playing, passed to each other signals. They were greedy guards and knew how to be silent. There was not a single case to make any of them, at least for a piece of bread, consecuting or talked about the fact that there are lessons in the barrack. Therefore, they never found them surprise. Children turned out to be good conspirators. They understood them in their own way that underground lessons are also resistance to the fascists. And if teachers come to them, then they are not a brainless cattle, in which they want to turn them in the concentration camp. One day, the undergrounders decided to arrange the guys a holiday. Under the New Year, they brought the Christmas tree into one of the barracks: she was shot down in the forest and hid at the bottom of the camp truck. From paper made toys. Only those children who were capable of secretly, in blocted, sprinkle at night between the barraffs on the Christmas tree. Everyone was waiting for an extraordinary gift. In bags where there were potatoes and carrots, they found such letters: "Hello, Son! I know how hard you. But you are terpi. Soon the Red Army will come. And then we will meet. I'll find you! Your mom ". The present, of course, wrote the prisoners themselves. But the children were shocked by reading their lines. Does wonders do not occur under the new year? Mercy has always accompanied the threat of fatal violence. Somehow in the camp bath was on duty underground Fyodor Diryabkin. On that day, through Buchenwald, the column of prisoners in another camp was driven. They were drove out of the heads to wash in the bath. One of them did not want to leave his suitcase. Weed, pressed him to myself. Still, in the end, he trusted Fyodor Diryabkin. It turned out that in the suitcase hidden ... his son Stefan. He was a small, trucky, 5 years old. Fyodor Diryabkin convinced her father that she had to leave the boy in the camp on the care of the underground workers. Caring for Little Stefan took over the international underground committee of the camp. The boy could not be left to the children's bara - all the children were registered. At first it was hidden on a clothing warehouse for stacks of clothing. Then he was transferred to the camp Sanchast. Here Stephen was covered in a tank, which threw bleeding bandages. Then he was transferred to the pigsty. And this child never screamed, did not cry. He already understood what was dangerous. Stefan survived. He found his father in twenty years. Children did not know that combat groups were created in many barracks. Prisoners were preparing to the uprising. Many of them worked at military factories. Details of pistols brought from plants to camp in a scraper of bread, in the soles of a wooden pad. Details of automata were covered on carbon carts. The weapons were collected and hidden under the hollows of the barracks. Prisoners of the children's barrack, already felt - something preparing, - said I.P. Nikolenko. - Suddenly we, the most elders, began to learn transportation. Why is it? We did not ask. " Also, as secret, as weapons gathered, in the concentration camp he was intelligence: where is the passage to warehouses with weapons, how to turn off the current that was skipped on the wire. The preparation of the uprising was the experienced officers. "Once the Volodya Holoptsev went to us - he also took off our children's barak, - continued I.P. Nikolenko. "He said all the children to lay on the floor, hid under Nara." He did not explain anything, but we, the elders, ran out of the barrack, rushed after him. "

It was April 11, 1945. On the eve of the underground committee made a decision on the beginning of the uprising. In those days from Buchenwald brought a large group of prisoners. Maintain them left and part of the security. Punch of the camp bell is a signal to the beginning of the uprising. Thighted by armed undergrounders from the barracks rushed thousands of prisoners. It was the desperation of people who are accustomed to see death every day. The exhausted, who became aggregated they shot the towers, were prolamed in the fence. Buchenwald rebelled and won. Even before the approach of front parts, prisoners themselves locked their guards themselves. And those of them who ruled, caught in the forests.

Teens from children's barracks also became participants in the uprising. How to know, maybe the spark of this determination was shown in the lessons in the underground school?

Former young prisoners of Buchenwald recalled the first day of freedom:

I saw the clock from the fear dropped a machine gun from the tower.

I was delighted when I saw a broken wire. I do not remember how to jump out.

That day captured the German cuisine. I ate half ancara jam. Nearly died.

I remember how to raise the flag of liberation over Buchenwald.

2.2. Auschwitz

Auschwitz. We used to call him "Auschwitz". This word is familiar from childhood. From school lessons and films about war. The whole world calls him a German word Auschwitz. Calls not a cute Polish town, but the place where the concentration camp was. According to the degree of thoughtfulness, technical organization, in the mass and cruelty of the extermination of people, this camp reserves far behind all the well-known German "death camps" Auschwitz camp was built in 1939 by order of the RAhsführere SS Himmler. In the Auschwitz camp, the Germans killed daily and burned from 10,000 to 12,000 people. By executions, hunger, poisoning and monstrous tortures, Germans destroyed in the Auschwitz camp over 4 million citizens of the Soviet Union, Poland, France, Belgium, Holland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Hungary and other countries. The German professors and doctors produced the so-called "medical" experiments over living people - men, women and children in the camp. Prisoners camp shared the classes that were visually reflected by the stripes on clothes. 6 days a week, except Sunday, prisoners were required to work. Imputing work schedule and meager food caused numerous deaths. In Auschwitz 1 camp, there were separate blocks that served for various purposes. In blocks 11 and 13, punished for violators of the camp rules. People 4 people were placed in the so-called "standing chambers" size of 90x90 cm, where they had to stand all night. More hard measures implied slow murders: they guessed either in a hermetic chamber, where they died from the lack of oxygen, or Morious hunger to death. There was a torture courtyard between blocks 10 and 11, where prisoners were tortured and shot. A wall that was executed was reconstructed after the end of the war.

On September 3, 1941, by order of the Deputy Commentant of the Camp of the Obershurmführera SS Karl Freitzha, the first test of etching gas cyclone B as a result of which about 600 Soviet prisoners of war and 250 other prisoners were killed, mainly patients. The experience was recognized as successful, and one of the bunkers was reinforced into the gas chamber and crematorium. The camera functioned from 1941 to 1942, and then it was rebuilt into the MO bomb shelter. Subsequently, the camera and the crematoriums were recreated from the original parts and exist to this day as a monument of the cruelty of the Nazis

Aushwice 2 had 4 gas chambers and 4 crematorium.

New prisoners arrived daily on trains in Auschwitz 2 from all over occupied Europe. Arrivals were divided into four groups.

First group, which was approximately ¾ of all brought, went to gas chambers for several hours. This group included women, children, old men and all those who did not pass a medical examination for full fitness to work.

Second group Prisoners went to slave work on industrial enterprises of various companies.

Third GroupMostly twins and dwarfs, went to various medical experiments, in particular to Dr. Josef Mengele, known under the nickname "Angel of Death".

Fourth groupThe predominantly women were selected in the Canada group for personal use by the Germans as servants and personal slaves, as well as to sort the personal property of prisoners arriving in the camp.

Medical experiments and experiments were widely practiced in the camp. The actions of chemicals on the human body were studied. The latest pharmaceutical preparations were tested. Prisoners were artificially infected with malaria, hepatitis and other dangerous diseases as an experiment. Nazi doctors trained in conducting surgical operations on healthy people.

2.3. Salaspils.

Salaspils (Kurdanthof concentration camp) is a concentration camp created during World War II on the territory of the Occoued Nazi Germany of Latvia. Official name -Salaspils expanded police prison and labor education camp. There was 18 kilometers from Riga near the city of Salaspils from October 1941 to the end of the summer of 1944. This camp has received the most sad fame due to the content of young prisoners in it, which then began to use for blood selection for wounded German soldiers, as a result of which children quickly died. In the children's concentration camp, Salaspils every day killed 150 children, and only 7 thousand were killed there. This is a photo of children liberated in Salaspils. A few years ago, President Latvia Vaira Vike Freiberga recommended everyone to read the book "History of Latvia -Hh century". Its author claims that Salaspils's concentration camp was a "educational labor camp." And these are documents:

... if when taking corpses one by one of the grave from 54 yam, the forced killing of children arsenic was found in 29, then it should be considered proven, testimony and objective data that porridge and coffee that fed Soviet children German sisters "Mercy" in the concentration camp of Salaspils were consciously with fascist barbarians poisoned with arsenic to kill the Soviet children in order to free the hands of mothers to send them to slavery to Germany ... - "Latvia under the Nazism IGA", p. 107

"... The fact of systematic taking of blood in children of the Commission confirmed 33 former prisoners of Salaspils camp, including 17 children under the age of 12, who had saved from Salaspils from among those whose Germans had bought blood ..."

Killing children.

... When the emaciated people with sick, tortured children were drunk for a triple wire fence of the concentration camp, for adults, but especially for defenseless children, the painful existence began, saturated to the limit of grave mental and physical string and bullying from the Germans and their servants. Despite the winter strules, brought by the bare and barefoot polliplometer chased into the Barack, who was called the name of the bath, where they made them wash with cold water. Then the same order of children, the eldest of which did not reach another 12-year-old age, drove into another Barack, in which they kept them in the cold of 5-6 days. A terrible hour for children and mothers in the camp comes when the fascists, holding out mothers with children in the middle of the camp, forcibly tear away the baby from the unfortunate mothers ... ... Children, starting from the breastside, were kept by the Germans alone and strictly isolated. Breast babies and children under 5 years old were placed in a separate barak, where they died in a massive order. Only in one year more than three thousand children died in this way. Children in a separate barrack were in a state of small animals, devoid of even primitive care. Behind the chest babies look after 5-8 year old girls. Dirt, stitching that broke out epidemics of measles, dysentery, diphtheria led to the mass death of children. German security daily in large baskets endured from the children's barrack the stuffed corpses of the deathly painful death of children. They dropped into cesspools, burned behind the camp fence and partially buried in the forest near the camp. Eyewitness testimony reveal the terrible reality of the children's barrack and the true causes of the mass death of unfortunate children. Mass continuous mortality of children caused those experiments for which small martyrs of Salaspils were used as laboratory animals. German doctors - Detubits with doctoral diplomas for sick children make injections - injected a variety of fluids, introduced urine into the rectum, cause to take into different means ...

2.4. Lodz.

In Poland in the city of Lodz was a children's concentration camp. There were collected children for destruction. Directly from the approached echelons they were led to gas cameras, where 2 thousand people were placed. And when they did not cope with the human stream, the children threw the crematorium stoves alive. Desperate Children's Creek stood over the camp constantly. Very small Sixties were selected from mothers and killed in their eyes.

After the war in Lodz, there was a monument - a huge torn maternal heart.

2.5. Gdansk

In Gdansk, fascists produced soap from human bodies and tossing the skin, died from killed people. This is written in the book of C.Kuzmina "deadline for a long time": we saw the mountains of human heads and skulls, guillotine corpses in the baths, dubbing and dubbing human skin in the tanks. We were explained from which part of the body and what the human skin was going on - on gloves, on lampshades, souvenirs, different crafts. From the corpses cooked soap and then they took, washed, washed !!! "

2.6. Sokolniki

Every year they make a march of memory - a few kilometers in the places of tragic childhood. Until today, there were 13 people, but only three found the strength to come there, where thousands of children were killed, Sokolniki forest park. Nikolay Kalashnikov: "There were children from month to ten years. The oldest I was, I was 10. " Scary shots were made in Sokolniki 70 years ago. Here, the fascists were shot not only by civilians, but also threw the bodies of children who died after medical experiments. Nikolay Kalashnikov: "They come, take chest babies. Behind the legs take and throw it right into the car. " In the 42nd year, Petrova was 6 years old, Elena Goncharenko - 5. Then they fell into a specially on the outskirts of Kharkov, which the fascists turned into a concentration camp of donors. Children moored hunger, they took blood and spinal fluid daily.
Vera Petrova: "We did not understand what it was what they took from us. They said: just a prick will make you all. Going to bed - on the bed four people. In the morning you will stand, one alive stayed. "
In the evenings, the former orphans remember, the Germans came to Sokolniki to have fun. Elena Goncharenko: "When the Germans were drunk, especially in black uniform, they chased us on the motorcycles. Who caught up, it was no longer. " Leaving black cars with a red cross and abandoned semi-midmish children. To somehow get rid of terrible memories, Anatoly Reva decided to draw them. Six-year-old Toli Fascists made another donor under No. 1805.
Anatoly Reva: "150, 200 people, 250 died a month." He will never forget the five-year-old Zoya, who lived in a shelter only two weeks. They were looking for Justice together, ate herbs and divided into half a tied tomato. Zoya was among those children who had blood to be taken while she was.
Anatoly Reva: "She died all-all. And she died there. "
Died children on a wheelbarrow were exported to the forest belt, buried in the trenches, in ravines, in the funnels from bombs. After the war, no one was engaged in the search for children's burial. How much of such nameless graves in Sokolniki - still not known. The old body of the orphanage has already been demolished, the former prisoners their forces recently installed a small monument. The commemorative march they are completed in the Children's Garden "Sokolok", where the second shelter was located.
Nikolay Kalashnikov: slept on straw. Those who did not survive until the morning were buried in a funnel from the bomb. After the war, the remains of more than 500 children exhibited here.
"Some died, and others were replenished, all the time was replenished. It was like ... death machine. " The terrible mystery of the orphanage in Sokolniki could be not revealed. During the retreat, the fascists destroyed all documents confirming the fact of medical experiments on children. Former orphans needed more than half a century to restore the historical truth.

It is heard in Buchenwalde ... Mauthausen, Dakhau, Maidaja, Zakshenhausen ...

Conclusion

Memory is our story. What will be a look at her child, there will be our tomorrow. Sole past, we erase the future. Each person keeps in memory of some point of his life, which seems to him the second birth, a fracture in all further fate. With these memories, discoveries are always connected in themselves and other people. The war lives in the soul of those who survived it with such memories, and they will never be able to forget her how they will not be able to forget that they were born sometime. In my opinion, it is necessary to remember the history of my people not only because the memory retains human dignity, but also to see the meaning of his life, so as not to be lonely and helpless. Therefore, the war will be remembered, writing about it, as we sought to keep our ancestors in the annals, all the details of an ancient history, it is necessary for a person to justify its existence on Earth. Memory of history is a self-affirmation of a person, therefore, in a hundred years, schoolchildren with pride and excitement will write about their great-grandfather, who was a front-line. The Great Patriotic War should not be forgotten not only so that it does not happen more terrible, but so that people remember that a person is capable of a lot, and never losing faith in itself ... Now few people give the meaning to such a fact as deprivation of childhood Children born before the war. Now they are already deep old men. The war usurped their children's diet. They grew, not knowing the daily caress of the parents. Their mothers were constantly at work and had no opportunity to meet them daily. Younger children opened elders. They had no idea about delicacies, many of them were brought up without fathers. Not any joy in those years and did not have to talk. Their childhood was accompanied by tears of mothers for those who died on the fronts of the Fathers of the Fathers, and with the soul of experiences: as we will continue to live, how to feed, how to keep a cow-feed, where to take fuel for heating hut, how to learn and what to wear children.

Everything that generation of people of war years is a feat, self-sacrifice in the name of the victory of the right-wing case of the Patriotic War of the Soviet people. All - from old people, women, teenagers to children of war years - they have tied themselves to be called veterans of war. The elders killed a victory on the labor front, children sacrificed their childhood, and with him and motherly caresses and the comfort of a homely focus in the name of the defeat of fascist Germany. People whose childhood stole war, still dreams of that terrible time. Children of war are the most ordinary boys and girls. An hour came - they showed how much a little children's heart can become, when there is love for his homeland and hatred for her enemies. Their mature childhood is filled with heavy trials, such that think of them even a very talented writer, it would be difficult for them to even believe. But it was, it was in the history of our country.

In my work I wanted to learn how to learn about the children of war, about what had to be survived during the war years our great-grandmother and great-grandfathers, grandparents, many of whom were still children at that time. The basis of my work, I put the memories of old-timers of our village. Some facts shook me. You will not read this in any book, you will not see in any movie.

Despite any difficulties, veterans live. They are for us are samples of real sons and daughters of our Motherland. Inherited from the heroes, we got an incredible wealth: a peaceful sky, joyful children's laughter, radiant smiles of women. In response, we need to keep memory and appreciation to those who have kept our history, our people, our country. After all, the one who does not remember his heroic past has no future. And the war lives in the memory of the people. This should not be repeated, but it is impossible to forget about it. The life of society today puts the most serious tasks in the field of education and learning a new generation. The state needs healthy, courageous, bold, initiative, disciplined, competent people who would be ready to learn, work for its benefit and, if necessary, stand up for its protection. In our school, one of the main tasks is the upbringing of the younger generation. The most important component of the education process is the formation and development of patriotic feelings. Without the presence of this component, it is impossible to talk about the upbringing of a truly harmonious personality. First of all, it is "Zarnitsa. The experience of the game "Zarnitsa" showed the popularity and importance of this form of military-patriotic and physical education of students. Zarnitsa has a positive impact on the organizational strengthening of the class team, contributes to the development of the public activity of children, forms the qualities necessary for the future warrior, the defender of the Motherland. A no less important role in military-patriotic education is played by the Months of Defense Mass and Sports and Recruitment Work, military sports relay, military sports holidays, the Day of Defender of the Fatherland. The development of the country depends on how much the sense of love to the younger, to their people, to their homeland, is a sense of responsibility before the growing generation. We live in difficult time. And yet, in the soul of each of us, the ideal of the future of society will grow, to which humanity has always sought - humane societies, in which the basic laws will be human-minded, kindness, mutual understanding.

... the war passed, suffered,

But the pain takes up to people:

Let's, people never

Do not forget about it ... "

A. Tvardovsky

Literature:

Magazine "We read, learn, play" №4 2011

Magazine "We read, learn, play" №6 2011

E. Maksimova Sost. "Children of the Military Poland" M. Polisudate 1988

S.Kuzmin "Long-time term is not subject to"

Internet resources:

http://www.stoletie.ru. The story of Buchenwalde.