Holidays in the USSR. Weekends and holidays that we lost What holiday was celebrated in the USSR on October 7

On October 7, people remember the following memorable events in world history:
- in Judaism, this is the day of the creation of the world, from which they have a countdown (3761 BC);
- in Russia in 1993 post # 1 was removed from the mausoleum of Vladimir Lenin;

Later, the Honor Guard of Russia began to be based in the Alexander Garden at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

On this day, the Russian writer Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy refused the Nobel Prize, arguing his refusal with the harm of money to a person;
- On October 7, 1977, the last Constitution of the Soviet Union was established;
- in 2001, on this day, the US army began a military operation on the territory of Afghanistan;
- in 1918, Russia and Ukraine broke off the truce negotiations due to different views on the ownership of the territory of Donbass and Crimea.

What holidays are celebrated on October 7

On October 7, Argentina celebrates the Guitar Festival. This holiday is considered international and has been celebrated since 1994. The main participants of the festival are residents of Latin America, but European guests also often attend this event. Every year in Argentina, the holiday gathers about two hundred thousand people.

In Russia, this date is associated with the formations of the headquarters units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. In addition, on October 7, compatriots celebrate the day of Thekla Ionian (Zapryadalnitsa) - an early Christian saint.

On Thekla, Russian women sat down to spin, as this promised prosperity in household chores. Therefore, the saint was nicknamed the Zapryadalnitsa.

There is such a belief among the people: what will be “tied up” on this day, it will be impossible to “untie”. Therefore, the date of October 7 was chosen for celebrating weddings, because the marriage in this case should have been happy and long.

Girls on this day loved to guess: they went to the bathhouse with a roll, waiting for a touch on their hand. If it was cold - be a poor husband to her husband. And if it is warm, then the husband will be a wealthy man.

Which famous person was born on October 7

Famous personalities were born on this day:
- Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, President of the Russian Federation;
- Niels Bohr, great physicist and scientist;
- Vladimir Molchanov, Russian journalist, TV and radio host.

Gone on this day

On October 7, they passed away:
- Edgar Alan Poe, famous American poet and writer;
- Poton Sentrail, French commander of the Hundred Years War era;
- Boris Shchukin, Soviet film and theater actor, People's Artist of the USSR.

When the Soviet Union is mentioned, as usual, people are divided into two opposing groups: someone recalls the past tense with warmth, while others treat the USSR with a negative attitude. Of the good things that people who lived in Soviet times celebrate are holidays. Many are nostalgic for the May Day demonstrations.

October 7 - the Day of the Constitution of the USSR - was not celebrated on a large scale, but it was still a significant holiday. Nowadays, December 12 is a public holiday. On this day, the present Constitution was adopted. If the calendar had not been 2017, but any other period from 1977 to 1991, then October 7 would have been festive - the Day of the Constitution of the USSR. But we no longer live in the Union Republic, but in the Russian Federation, and therefore we celebrate the Day of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, as already mentioned, on December 12. The Day of the Constitution of the USSR in October was celebrated for almost 15 years.

In total, Soviet Russia has four drafts of the Constitution in its history: 1918, 1924, 1936 and 1977. The draft of the new Constitution of the USSR (the fourth in a row) began to be developed in 1962 by the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union with the creation of the Constitutional Commission. It included 97 people. Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev became the chairman of this commission.

The meeting of the Constitutional Commission was held on June 15, 1962 and was remembered for the discussion of the main tasks for the preparation of the new Constitution, as well as the formation of nine subcommissions. August 1964 was marked by the completion of the development of a new constitutional document. An explanatory note to it was also completed. At that time, the project included 276 articles. But then it was seriously revised and was not approved in its original form.

In December 1964, the chairman of the Constitutional Commission was replaced. It becomes Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. As a result, on October 4-6, 1977, a hearing is held during the sessions of the chambers of the Supreme Soviet. On October 7, the new Constitution of the Soviet Union is adopted. First, it is taken in sections, and then as a whole. The next day, all Soviet newspapers published the new Constitution. From that moment on, October 7 - the Day of the Constitution of the USSR - is a day off.

The main features of this Constitution are the following: 1. A large preamble appears in connection with the new ideological setting that a "nationwide socialist state" has been built. 2. The system of power remains the same. 3. The Soviets were renamed from "Soviets of Working People's Deputies" to "Soviets of People's Deputies". 4. The principle of democratic centralism is officially enshrined. 5. The leading position of the CPSU has been secured. 6. Withdrawn the list of ministries. 7. The right to appeal against decisions of officials was proclaimed (but was not supported by law). Celebration October 7 - the Day of the Constitution of the USSR - was not celebrated on the same scale as, for example, May Day, when large demonstrations were held, where people really went, like on a holiday.

For Soviet families, this was a traditional hike, when everyone got together, put on the best clothes and had fun together. Travel holiday date Not immediately the holiday date became October 7th. Until 1977, Constitution Day in the USSR was celebrated on December 5. It was on this date that the 1936 Constitution of the USSR was adopted. Due to the fact that there were several Soviet Constitutions, people often ask the question: "In the end, when was the event celebrated? The Day of the USSR Constitution was often postponed." Indeed, with the adoption of the Basic Law of the USSR in 1977, the holiday date was set on October 7th. The new document was named "The Constitution of Developed Socialism". In our time, the Day of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is celebrated on December 12.

On this day, as a rule, various medals, orders and other memorabilia are awarded to outstanding workers in the legal field. The structure of the 1977 document 9 sections, 21 chapters and 174 articles - this was the structure of the new Constitution at the time of its adoption: Preamble. Section 1 was devoted to the foundations on which society and politics of the Soviet Union are built. Section 2 is devoted to the state and the individual. Section 3 - Section 4 - to the councils of people's deputies and the procedure for their election; Section 5 - to the supreme bodies of state power and administration of the Soviet Union; Section 6 - to the foundations of the formation of bodies of power and administration in the Union republics; Section 7 - to justice, arbitration and Prosecutor's supervision. Section 8 - the coat of arms, flag, anthem and the capital of the Soviet Union. Section 9 - the operation of the Constitution of the Soviet Union and the procedure for its amendment.

These sections included 21 chapters, each detailing the consideration of the state structure, social life, rights and freedoms of the population. The preamble gave an assessment of the sixty-year historical path traversed after the October 1917 revolution. Soviet society was characterized as a developed socialist society at a natural stage of development on the road to the communist system. The preamble asserted that the Soviet government had carried out profound changes in the social and economic spheres, the exploitation of man, class antagonism and national hostility had been eradicated. An interesting fact is that the preamble of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, is almost 20 times less than the preamble of the 1977 Constitution. The evolution of the 1977 Constitution 6 times have been amended during the entire existence of the 1977 Constitution of the Soviet Union.

In 1981, Article 132 was ruled, according to which from that moment it was determined that the Presidium of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union could include not only ministers, but also other members of the USSR Government. In December 1988, several chapters were ruled at once, which affected the electoral system, and the Congress of People's Deputies was established. Next year, amendments are released regarding the SND and constitutional oversight. 1990 will be remembered as the year of the most ambitious amendments - from that moment on, the one-party system was abolished, and the role of the CPSU ceased to be leading. The post of the President of the USSR appeared, private property was introduced. The most interesting events took place in September 1991. A new law was adopted, which changes the structure and procedure by which the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union was formed, such a position as Vice President of the USSR ceased to exist. The State Council of the USSR appeared. The operation of the Constitution continued only in a way where it did not contradict the new adopted law.

Termination of the 1977 Constitution December 8, 1991 was the day of the signing of the Belovezhskaya Agreement. According to him, the Commonwealth of Independent States was created. This document confirmed the fact that the USSR ended its existence as a subject of international law and a geopolitical unit. The CIS was created on the basis of the historical memory and commonality of peoples and, in part, habit. The need to recognize the sovereignty of the former Soviet republics, which have now become independent states, has come to the fore. From now on, the RSFSR became an independent non-union entity. On December 25, 1991, Mikhail Gorbachev resigned from his powers as President of the USSR. The Constitution of the USSR actually lost its legal status in connection with the creation of the CIS, but it still continued to be mentioned in the Constitution of the RSFSR until 1993 - until the approval of the draft of the new Constitution of the Russian Federation, which is in force at the moment. And more than October 7, the Day of the Constitution of the USSR is not considered, it remained in the last century.

The Constitution is the basic law of any state that regulates the rights and obligations of citizens of the country, determines the form of government, symbols, and so on. During the existence of the USSR, three Constitutions were adopted, and the last edition was in 1977. The date of establishment of the country's basic law was marked in red on the calendar: October 7, Constitution Day of the USSR.

Brezhnev constitution

In 1977, a new basic law was adopted by a decree of the supreme authority of power, in connection with which the date of the holiday was set - October 7, the Day of the Constitution of the USSR. The latest version of the Constitution was in effect on the territory of the former Soviet Union until 1991. Adopted during the reign of Leonid I. Brezhnev, it received the popular name - Brezhnev.

The Constitution was adopted after active discussion in society - its draft was replicated in the newspaper Pravda. About 140 million people took part in the formation of certain regulations. The constitution was discussed for 4 months. Many of the proposals put forward by citizens were taken into account and used to finalize the laws. The final version of the Constitution was reviewed and approved by the highest authorities of the country, and the date of its adoption went down in history as the Day of the Constitution of the USSR, October 7.

Constitutional commission

The first attempts to create a basic law, corresponding to the world standards of legal civil society, officially began in 1962. At the next, XII Congress of the CPSU, a decision was made on the need for a new Constitution for the union republics and the entire state as a whole. The corresponding decree and the working commission were created in 1962, but in connection with his departure from the political arena, in December 1964, the chairmanship was transferred to Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev.

Ten years to develop

For three years, the commission was engaged in the development of legal norms, but did not succeed in this field. The process of lawmaking that had begun was suspended when Leonid Brezhnev announced that the Soviet Union should become developed. The theory required corresponding provisions in the basic law. For several years, more than ten subcommittees have been engaged in the scientific substantiation of the theory of developed socialism and the possibilities of the transition to communism in a particular country. Only after the preparation of the political and scientific base did they begin to develop constitutional laws.

Main sections of the Constitution

The goal of the state of the USSR was proclaimed the construction of a classless society, and the date of the adoption of the Constitution was fixed at the state level as a holiday: October 7 - Day of the Constitution of the USSR. The new rules of state life were described in nine sections and contained a theoretical and ideological introduction.

The time period when the Constitution was being prepared was marked by the change of power in the USSR. The initiator of the creation of new laws of the country, N. Khrushchev, did not manage to announce the festive date for the adoption of the new law - October 7, the Day of the Constitution of the USSR. Khrushchev became the head of state in 1953, and was dismissed in 1964 - the Constitution was adopted without his participation.

Continuity of Constitutions

The changing conditions of the state's existence required changes in the basic law, which were implemented in the Brezhnev constitution. Most of them were of the so-called cosmetic nature, but there were also differences. In the new edition, the role of people's organizations based on voluntary principles in the life of the state increased, a one-party system was established, the fact of a transitional socialist period was recognized, and the main goal of achieving communism was retained.

The majority of the population of the USSR accepted the not very noticeable changes favorably or indifferently. But there was something that caused the dissatisfaction of the citizens. When setting a new date - October 7 (USSR Constitution Day), a day off in connection with this holiday in 1977-1979. not added for calendar reasons. The overwhelming majority of people did not like the loss of the day off.

In Russia, the Day of the Constitution of the USSR (October 7) is just a memorable date and an occasion for many citizens to recall the principles of the previous state system.

If the calendar had not been 2013, but, say, 1983, then on November 7 Russians would not have gone to work. However, not everyone could stay at home either.

Before going about their business, some would have to go to the meeting with flags and banners praising the leading role of the party and the greatness of the October Revolution.

The celebration of the anniversary of the October Revolution on November 7 was established on September 16, 1918 at the suggestion of Yakov Sverdlov. This holiday was given such great importance that in the first Soviet years there were even proposals to start the countdown of the new year from November 7. From December 2, 1918 " Day of the Proletarian Revolution"November 7 was established by the Council of People's Commissars as a public holiday.

In 1927, in honor of the 10th anniversary of the revolution, the people were "presented" with an additional holiday - 8 november... The second day off on November 8 was celebrated until 1992. By a decree of November 7, 1996, Russian President Boris Yeltsin gave the anniversary of the October Revolution a new name - the Day of Accord and Reconciliation, and the federal law "On Amendments to Article 112 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation", which entered into force on January 1, 2005, abolished holidays 7 November - the anniversary of the October Revolution.

Among the first Soviet holidays established by the Soviet government since 1918 was May 1. This day was enshrined in the Labor Code and was called International Day... In 1928, there were two Days of the International - May 1 and 2. In 1970, the May Day holidays were called Days of International Workers' Solidarity, and in 1992 it was renamed the Spring and Labor Day, thereby reducing its political degree. Twelve years ago, May 2 became a working day, and there is only one day left - May 1, as the Holiday of Spring and Labor.

Again, if the calendar was not 2013 and not even 1983, but 1993, then before the end of the year, Russians would have had another additional day off - December 12, Constitution Day of the Russian Federation... This day was a day off for 12 years - from 1993 to 2005. And earlier, before the collapse of the Soviet Union, a day off was USSR Constitution Day October 7th. This day was celebrated in 1977-1991 during the period of the USSR Constitution.

Together with the Soviet Union, two more holidays disappeared - the Day of Pioneers and the Birthday of the Komsomol. They were not days off, but these days were not workers either in the full sense of the word for the pioneer and Komsomol liberated workers.

May 19, at Pioneer day various gatherings, concerts, awards, pioneer parades were organized; if the weather permitted, schoolchildren and pioneer leaders went on hikes. In schools, "Lenin lessons" were held, the results were summed up in the competition between units, detachments and squads in academic performance, in the collection of scrap metal, waste paper, etc. In the evening, pioneer workers organized less formal celebrations for schoolchildren with the traditional "pioneer bonfire."

29th of October, Komsomol birthday, was a holiday for those who are "over 14". Formally, the Komsomol age ended at 28 years old, but among the employees of numerous regional, district and city committees there were many who crossed this line. On October 29, Komsomol workers, as a rule, held offsite events, during which they not only reported on their successes, but also celebrated these very successes. By the way, many fighters of the Komsomol fronts kept the tradition of gathering and remembering the "past" even after the XXII Extraordinary Congress of the Komsomol in September 1991 declared the historical role of the Komsomol exhausted and dissolved the organization.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from open sources

November 7 is a holiday in the USSR, which was canceled in the new Russia. Are there any prerequisites for this and what have we been offered in return? A beloved and bright celebration turned out to be unnecessary in modern society.

What happened that day?

The history of the holiday on November 7 in the USSR is a memory of the great revolution of the twentieth century. Until 1917, Russia was an autocratic monarchical state ruled at that time by Nicholas II.

The rebellious mood in the country had been accumulating for several years, and it was on October 25 that the revolt of the common people against the inequality of social strata began in St. Petersburg. The armed Bolsheviks took the Winter Palace (the residence of the provisional government), captured all important information points (newspapers, post office, railway stations) and main military posts (city outposts, port).

The uprising was organized by the 47-year-old V. I. Ulyanov (Lenin), 38-year-old L. D. Trotsky and 27-year-old Ya. M. Sverdlov. These people led the coup and were considered the main leaders in the country for several years. They created a new socialist state, constitution and traditions in Russia.

What holiday was celebrated on November 7 in the USSR until 1990

It was fully called: Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution. Why was October Day celebrated in November? Until 1918, the time in the country was calculated according to But already in February Russia switched to the Uprising lasted two days, October 25-26 according to the old style, and in the USSR the holiday was celebrated in a new way - November 7 and 8. But the name remained as a memory of one of the greatest events of the twentieth century, which changed the course of all world history.

In honor of this, thematic groups are created, villages and districts, streets, enterprises, cinemas are named. For example, in 1923, groups of children were created who called themselves Octobrists. And sweets from the Krasny Oktyabr factory are remembered and loved by many generations of Russians.

history of the holiday

November 7 (a holiday in the USSR) has been celebrated since 1918 for only one day. Demonstrations and parades were held in Moscow, in regional and regional cities of Russia. It was considered a day off, a "red" day of the calendar. In 1927, by decree of the Presidium of the Central Committee, the celebration began to be celebrated on November 7 and 8. In 1990, by order of Gorbachev, the 8th day again becomes a worker. In 1996, President Yeltsin renamed this holiday to the "Day of Consent". In 2004, it was canceled by V.V. Putin and since 2005 it has become a working day.

Countries still celebrate this day under the old name - October Revolution Day. These include Belarus, Transnistria and Kyrgyzstan.

Parade on Red Square

Since 1918, parades were held twice a year, in which servicemen of the active army and military equipment took part: on May 1 and November 7. The celebration in honor of the USSR was a significant event for all workers. The parade was received by the leader of the people and the commander-in-chief, as well as the leaders of the main industries.

In 1941, the parades were temporarily canceled until 1945. During the Great Patriotic War, the country did not have the opportunity to recall the military and equipment from combat posts. The passage of troops in 1945 is considered a special event. For this celebration, a special selection of employees was carried out: age - under 30 years old, height - 176-178 centimeters, military awards. After 1945, parades on Red Square were held only once every 5 years. In 1995, the passage of troops began on foot, without military equipment.

Demonstrations in honor of the October Revolution Day

If parades were held only in Moscow and big cities, then demonstrations are an event in every settlement in Russia, from the capital to large settlement centers. All segments of the population took part in them: workers, schoolchildren, peasants and students. On November 7, the holiday in the USSR was accompanied by the enthusiasm and joy of every citizen of the country.

Demonstration is a public event, the passage of people in groups along the main streets of the city in a single political mood. The procession is accompanied by music, slogans, flags, banners, portraits of the current heads of state. A column of people taking part passes the central part of the city, the main square and the tribune with the party and public leaders.

The best workers and students were voluntarily nominated for the passage, the procession was accompanied by thematically decorated vehicles, songs, dances, acrobatic and sports performances. Congratulations on the Day of November 7 sounded from the rostrum. The holiday in the USSR, poems and poems about which the great poets of Russia wrote, inspired the whole people. People believed that from the day of the Great Revolution they became free and happy.

The most important years (chronicle 1918)

Particularly memorable days are considered: the first celebration of 1918, as well as the parades of 1941 and 1945. November 7 is a holiday in the USSR, congratulations to the people at that time were an important political step.

• "Pantomime" on Red Square;
• amnesty in honor of the 1st anniversary;
• opening of monuments to Zhores, Marx and Engels;
• meeting and concert;
• premiere of the thematic performance "Mystery Buff";
• Lenin's speech for the staff of the Cheka.

Parade during the war (chronicle 1941)

1941 year. The war with Germany has been going on for 5 months. But November 7 comes. What holiday in the USSR is possible when the front line is a few kilometers from the capital? But Stalin made a decision, which historians would later call a "brilliant military operation." He conducts the most grandiose parade, with all the most modern military equipment in front of the enemy. Half of the units, after the march through Red Square and the personal parting words of the Leader of the People, immediately went to the front. Printed publications in England and France were full of headlines and photographs of Russian soldiers marching and saluting into battle. This move, "a holiday in the war," raised the spirit of the Soviet army. And Hitler, according to the recollections of his inner circle, infuriated.

Preparations for the celebration began on October 24 under the leadership of Generals Artemyev and Zhigarev. The uniqueness of the task was in the strictest secrecy, and the complexity in the besieged position of the city. On November 6, Stalin holds a meeting in honor of the holiday in the metro (Mayakovskaya station). The Commander-in-Chief's congratulatory speech is broadcast throughout the country.

The main danger during the parade was the German aviation. It was believed that German fighters would risk flying outside the city limits in order to destroy the entire government of the USSR with one blow. In this regard, on November 5, Russian aircraft bombed enemy airfields. And only the forecast of forecasters, that due to low cloudiness, the weather will be non-flying, defused the situation. At night, the Kremlin stars were lit, the disguise was removed from the Mausoleum, and in the morning at 8 o'clock one of the most important parades in our history began.

1945 year. Victory

The first year of a peaceful life. People who are tired of the horror of war want joy. After the grandiose Victory Day parade, each event gives a new sense of peace, and November 7 is no exception. What a holiday in the USSR: congratulatory speeches, parade of veterans, fireworks! And all this is already on the brink of a Cold War with America. Even Molotov's report on the Day of the October Revolution is the USSR's response to the US provocation.

It was from this moment that the arms race began and the maintenance of the reputation of a country so rich in technical geniuses. This confrontation between the two states will last until 1963. In 18 years Russia will restore the destroyed cities and re-establish production. And by 1990 he will begin to forget what the name of the holiday on November 7 in the USSR was.

Oblivion or rebirth?

In 1996 the holiday got a different name. In 2004, before postponing the day off to November 4, a social group of activists conducted a survey among young and middle-aged residents of the country. The goal is to possess information about the events of the October Revolution and its importance in the life of Russians. Only 20% of the respondents answered the question about which holiday was celebrated on November 7 in the USSR.

What is it? Shortcomings in education or a real need for the modern generation to go forward without thinking about the history of their ancestors? In some cases, psychologists believe that moving away from a dubious event in time is the right way and more quickly to move towards progress. Do we need a day today, the significance of which died along with the country?

Today the October Revolution is an ambiguous phenomenon. It has a wide range of assessments by historians. The first point of view is the illegal seizure of power, which led the country to a totalitarian regime. Others argue that an uprising was necessary. It brought Russia to modern society not by capitalist means, but this is a unique case in history. Thanks to the coup, the country avoided the political collapse that was inevitable after the abdication of the king. The territory would be divided by countries like England and America. Russian traditions, nationality and even language would simply cease to exist.

In addition to these two opinions, there are intermediate statements about how events would develop if there were no revolution. For example, professor of history I. Froyanov believes:

“This is too important an episode in history, and it is simply incorrect to put a plus or a minus sign. TO when there is just a change of power, the term "political coup" is more acceptable for this phenomenon. More than one generation will remember the name of the holiday on November 7 in the USSR, because it is a bright memory of the hopes and pride of the Russian people. "

This date asks for a rethinking of our descendants. It is they who will weigh, analyze and compare the facts that are still so emotionally close to us.