Love for the motherland or morally patriotic education of preschool children. Innovative project "spiritual, moral and patriotic education of small citizens of Russia emotional coloring, impact on the feelings of the child
Abstracts for the presentation at the discussion platformfor teachers of the scientific-practical conferencewithin the framework of the Easter City Orthodox Educational Readings “The Light of Christ enlightens everyone!”
"Spiritual-moral and civil-patriotic education of children by means of culture and art".
Spiritual and moral education contributes to the spiritual and moral development of the child on the basis of culture in all forms of its manifestation (religious, ideological, scientific, artistic, creative, everyday) - this is the education of his soul, moral qualities and ideals, a sense of citizenship and patriotism by means of art, music , oral folk art, etc.
It is one of the priority activities of the state and society, and therefore preschool educational institutions.The main goal of the preschool educational institution is the education of a humane, spiritual and moral personality, worthy future citizens of Russia, patriots of their Fatherland, by introducing them to the cultural heritage of our people andcreation of conditions for spiritual moral development the child in close cooperation with the family, as well as the improvement of the very system of spiritual, moral and patriotic education of children.
The relevance of this problem is expressed in the fact that civil society in modern Russia is overcoming a deep spiritual crisis. Society has lost the moral foundations of stable social development, expressed in the ideas of the spiritual continuity of Orthodox culture and traditions in life and upbringing.Improvement and updating of practice and search for new approaches to work are required. The emphasis is on knowledge of the history of the people, itsspiritual and moral traditions and culture of our people.
To achieve this goal, the following tasks are solved:providing the necessary scientific, methodological, material and technical conditions, the availability of benefits, fiction creation of a subject - developing environment in the group;improvement of the mechanism that ensures the formation and effective functioning of the system of education on the problemon the basis of familiarization with culture and art;expanding the range of forms, methods and means pedagogical impact on students.
The model for the development of spiritual, moral and patriotic feelings in preschool children includes: development of interest and positive emotions, fantasies, curiosity and creativity, the ability to interact with each other in game situations, in the preparation and conduct of dramatizations, holidays and leisure activities; in the knowledge of the culture of one's own and other peoples, in acquaintance with the peculiarities of everyday life, customs, traditions, folklore, games.
The upbringing and educational process on this issue is based on a student-centered approach, taking into account the requirements of the FGT, taking into account the integration of educational areas; unity of educational, developing and teaching goals and objectives; introduction of cultural and regional components.
Work principles: taking into account age characteristics and concentricity, development of the child's personal qualities, value-oriented approach, problematization, cultural conformity, freedom and independence, nationality, humane and creative orientation, thematic planning of the material, visibility, consistency, consistency, entertaining, reliance on leading activities, continuity
Forms and methods of work include all activities that are combined with folklore, art and music; various technologies, including computer technologies; hgetting to know the holidays and holding some of them, with the lives of Orthodox saints and defenders of the Russian land; excursions to the temple, to museums and to nature; acquaintance with architecture, iconography; listening to bell ringing, wind music; participation in competitions and festivals, olympiads.
The integration method is used in GCD and ongoing events, which creates an atmosphere of psychological comfort, which contributes to the manifestation of creativity and mutual assistance, the possibility of self-expression and self-realization. Psychological support is a prerequisite for the implementation of work in this direction.
The child's family is a key link in the direction of the spiritual, moral and patriotic education of children. The basis of the new concept of interaction between the family and the preschool institution is the idea that parents are responsible for raising children, and all other social institutions are called upon to help, support and supplement their educational work. Work on the problem must be carried out in close connection with parents, public organizations.
The criteria for evaluating objective performance are generalized evaluation indicators - quantitative and spiritual and moral parameters. Spiritual and moral - tolerance, reducing the degree of ideological confrontation in the children's environment; ensuring the interest of students in the development of the national economy, reducing social tension in society; manifestation of worldview attitudes towards the readiness of children to defend the Fatherland; the level of realization of the creative potential of children.
As a result of the work, an increasethe competence of teachers in the spiritual and moral education of preschool children, interaction with parents is optimized, the position of parents as participants is activated pedagogical process DOW. There is an expansion of relations between preschool educational institutions and society. A package of documents is being formed to disseminate experience in other preschool educational institutions.
The prospect of further work is that every year children from preparatory groups enter schools, and new kids come to the preschool educational institution, with whom the teachers of the preschool educational institution will continue to work on spiritual and moral andcivil-patriotic education of children by means of culture and art.Teachers will involve the parents of newly enrolled children in this problem, making sure that parents become their first allies and helpers. Teachers will continue to work on improving the structure of the created system of work, by selecting the most effective methods, means and forms of organizing work with children, parents and the public on this issue.
In this way, means of culture and artis an important and integral part of spiritual, moral and patriotic feelings. Onlyconsistent, systematic use of a variety of means of education, the common efforts of teachers and parents, well-organized work on spiritual, moral and patriotic education in preschool educational institutions by means of culture and art will show positive results. Children develop such qualities as: creative and cognitive activity, a conscious attitude to the perception of music and other types of art, the upbringing of spiritual and moral values and civil and patriotic feelings, respect for the cultural and historical past of Russia, the ability to build relationships in various spheres of life and types collective creative activity.
Literature
1 Aleshina N.V. Patriotic education of preschool children. - M., 2004
2 Topical issues of moral and aesthetic education. Sat. Art./Ed. E.V. Burmakin. - Tomsk: publishing house of TSU, 1982.
3 . The relationship of children in joint activities and the problems of education. Sat. scientific tr. / Ed. S.G. Yakobson.- M.: Enlightenment, 1976.
4. Kozlova S.A. Moral education of a preschooler in the process of familiarization with the outside world. - M.: Enlightenment, 1988
5. Moral education in kindergarten / Ed. V.G. Nechaeva. M.: Enlightenment, 1984
Preschool childhood is an important stage in the formation of personality and its moral sphere. Kindergarten is a place where a child gains experience of wide emotional and practical interaction with adults and peers in the most significant areas of life for his development. A favorable pedagogical environment, created in time, contributes to the education in children of the foundations of patriotism, spirituality and citizenship.
V modern world the revival of patriotism can be considered the first step towards the revival of Russia. It is patriotism that is the spiritual property of the individual, the foundation of the social and state system, it is the spiritual and moral basis of life and effective functioning.
According to the National Doctrine of Education in Russian Federation, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04. 10. 2000 No. 751, the education system is designed to ensure: the historical continuity of generations, the preservation, dissemination and development of national culture, the education of respect for the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia; education of patriots of Russia, citizens of a legal, democratic state, capable of socialization in a civil society, respecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, possessing high morality and showing national and religious tolerance, respect for the languages, traditions and culture of other peoples.
“Strategy for the development of education in the Russian Federation until 2025”, approved by order of the Government of the Russian Federation of May 29, 2015 N 996-r, highlights, among others, the following priorities of the state policy in the field of education: the formation of a high level of spiritual and moral development in children, a sense of belonging to the historical and cultural community of the Russian people and the fate of Russia; formation of respect for the Russian language as the state language of the Russian Federation, which is the basis of the civic identity of Russians and the main factor of national self-determination.
The state program "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2016-2020" includes whole line activities aimed at the effective use of traditional folk culture, museum pedagogy in order to improve the patriotic education of children in preschool educational institutions.
The program is a tool for the implementation of the educational policy of the state in the field of spiritual, moral and patriotic education, reflected in the main normative documents: Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" and the Federal State Educational Standard for Preschool Education. The main goal of the educational area "Social and communicative development" is the positive socialization of preschool children, introducing children to sociocultural norms, traditions of the family, society and the state.
The essence of spiritual, moral and patriotic education is to sow and nurture in the child's soul love for the home, family, nature, history and culture of the native land, created by the labors of relatives and close people, to revive spirituality, respect and pride in the achievements of the native land .
Teachers began work on spiritual and moral patriotic education in MKDOU kindergarten No. 325 with the creation of a developing subject-spatial environment.
Patriotic corners, centers of Russian life, creative workshops, dressing corners were equipped in all groups. A model of a Russian hut was created, layouts, lepbooks, developed advanced planning in this area of work, a variety of demonstration and visual-didactic material was selected (picture material, thematic albums, sets of postcards, photographs).
Kindergarten teachers have created card indexes of outdoor and verbal folk games, a media library of thematic presentations and musical material to familiarize children with the history of their native land, sights, folk holidays and traditions.
The centers of theatrical activity were replenished with new types of theater for staging Russian folk tales.
In the centers of fiction, material was systematized in the areas of "My Motherland", "My City", "My Family", "Russian Writers for Children", "Russian folk tales" and etc.
The main form of work preschool – cognitive activity, during which children have the opportunity to learn about their hometown, the history of their country, the culture and customs of the Russian people.
Thematic classes are conducted by educators using special visualization, the use of interactive forms of work, computer presentations, which greatly enrich children's perception. In progress cognitive activity teachers solve a complex of educational and educational tasks: the formation of tolerance, respect for the culture and traditions of their people, the culture of other peoples of our large multinational country, the formation of a sense of belonging to the world community, the desire to personally take care of the cultural heritage of their native land.
Using a variety of forms of work with children (targeted walks, excursions, conversations, didactic games, reading fiction, holidays, entertainment, leisure evenings, quizzes, project activities), teachers not only instill patriotic feelings in the child, but also form his relationship with adults and peers.
A productive form of work with preschoolers can rightfully be considered the organization and conduct of excursions and targeted walks, which carry a high cognitive potential, supported by children's emotional perception. Kindergarten teachers regularly make real and virtual trips with children around the city of Novosibirsk and the expanses of their native country, showing the picturesque corners, the rich natural world, and the sights of our Motherland.
Russian fairy tales are a treasure trove of folk wisdom. From the fairy tale, children receive information about the moral principles and cultural values of society. Fairy tales develop moral qualities in children: kindness, generosity, diligence, honesty. A.S. Makarenko assigned a big role to the fairy tale. “A well-told fairy tale,” he wrote, “is already the beginning of cultural education. It would be highly desirable if there were a collection of fairy tales on the bookshelf in every family.” In our kindergarten, it has become a good tradition not only to read Russian fairy tales to children, but also to stage them, giving children the opportunity to deeply feel the character and relationships of the characters, understand the semantic content of the fairy tale, awaken empathy and emotional response in the child.
The emotional perception of the surrounding reality is reflected in the drawings and creative works of children. In creative centers and art studios, children get acquainted with Russian crafts, learn to depict their native nature, plots of Russian fairy tales, paint toys and household items based on folk painting.
The introduction of preschoolers to the culture of their native country and their people is carried out in the process of themed holidays and entertainment: "Magpies", "Russian gatherings", "Dedication to the heroes", "Carols", "Shrovetide", etc.
The upbringing of a spiritual personality is possible only through the joint efforts of the family, the educational institution and the state. An important condition for successful pedagogical activity in this direction is interaction with the parents of pupils of preschool educational institutions. To achieve the most effective results in the moral and patriotic education of preschoolers, involving parents in educational activities, teachers use pedagogical design technology, focused on the application of existing knowledge and the acquisition of new ones based on the methods of search and research activities. The project method, as one of the methods of teaching preschoolers, is based on the interests of children and involves the independent activity of pupils. In the process of independent activity, children learn different ways find information about a subject or phenomenon of interest to them and use this knowledge to create new objects of activity.
Ultimately, by carrying out a purposeful process, we strive for a certain result. In our case, these are neoplasms of preschool childhood, which will become a solid foundation for a spiritual, moral personality.
Patriotism in modern conditions is, on the one hand, devotion to one's Fatherland, and on the other hand, the preservation of the cultural identity of the Russian people. Therefore, only systematic, purposeful activities of the teaching staff, family and society will help to achieve positive dynamics in spiritual, moral and patriotic education, to form in children the rudiments of self-awareness of true patriots of their homeland.
Literature:
1. Vetokhina A.Ya. Moral and party education of preschool children /A. Ya. Vetokhina - St. Petersburg: Detstvo-Press, 2015.
2. Education moral feelings in older preschoolers / Ed. A.M. Vinogradova. – M.: 1989.
3. Bozhovich L.I. Fav. psychol. works. Problems of Personality Formation / Ed. D .. - M .: AST, 1995.
4. National doctrine of education in the Russian Federation / approved. Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 04. 10. 2000 No. 751.
Formation features
moral and patriotic qualities
in preschool children
“Childhood is an everyday discovery of the world, so we must make sure that it becomes, first of all, the knowledge of man and the Fatherland, their beauty and greatness.” (V.A. Sukhomlinsky)
in preschool children
“Childhood is an everyday discovery of the world, so we must make sure that it becomes, first of all, the knowledge of man and the Fatherland, their beauty and greatness.” (V.A. Sukhomlinsky)
“Childhood is an everyday discovery of the world, so we must make sure that it becomes, first of all, the knowledge of man and the Fatherland, their beauty and greatness.” (V.A. Sukhomlinsky)
Morality - this is internal morality, taking responsibility for one's actions, that is, acting according to one's conscience.
Patriotism - love for the family, home, native places, homeland, pride in one's people, tolerant attitude towards other people, the desire to preserve, increase the wealth of one's country.
Moral and patriotic education- the interaction of an adult and children in joint activities and communication, aimed at revealing and forming in a child the universal moral qualities of a person, familiarizing with the origins of the national regional culture, the nature of his native land, cultivating an emotionally effective relationship, a sense of belonging, attachment to others.
Tasks of moral and patriotic education
education of love and affection for one's family, home, kindergarten, street, city, homeland;
formation of a careful attitude towards nature and all living things;
familiarity with the symbols of the state (coat of arms, flag, anthem);
formation of elementary knowledge about human rights;
developing a sense of responsibility and pride in the achievements of the country;
the formation of tolerance, a sense of respect for other peoples, traditions;
education of respect for work;
education of a humane attitude (goodwill, respect, attentiveness, responsiveness);
education of collectivist feelings and relationships;
the formation of creativity, the development of the child's imagination by involving him in the active process of cognition.
Principles:
Age features of the moral development of preschoolers early childhood (up to 6.5 years) is the "golden time" in the child's emotional life (spontaneity in the expression of feelings, emotional conflictlessness, susceptibility to rapid changes in one-time impressions, freedom of expression of feelings);
the peak of the development of moral qualities that decrease with age: spiritual integrity, moral purity, spontaneity, innocence, sincerity, compassion
;
attitude to the world around: ideas about it are animated in nature - the whole world for a child is full of life;
preschool childhood is the period of greatest learning ability and susceptibility to pedagogical influences;
increased susceptibility to social influences, imitation;
the need for communication is an important social need;
innate attachment to loved ones, emotional dependence on adults.
Forms of work
Means of moral and patriotic education
Methods and techniques
The mechanism of the moral formation of a person:
Implementation conditions creation of a subject-developing environment (a corner of Russian culture, symbols of the state, etc.)
reliance on personal experience, the immediate environment (from love for home to love for the Motherland, etc.);
emotional coloring, impact on the feelings of the child;
interaction of three components: intellectual, sensory-emotional and effective-practical (recognize-contemplate-create);
organization of creative activity as a means of expressing feelings and emotions (art, dramatization, concerts and performances before the public, etc.);
collaboration with family
Expected results The formation of a person with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.
knows folk games and plays them;
uses folklore in active speech;
knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs;
meaningfully and actively participates in the holding of calendar and ritual holidays;
familiar with epic and fairy-tale heroes, recognizes them in works of fine art;
knows the state symbols;
knows how to distinguish handicrafts;
knows the history of his native street, city, region;
knows his rights and obligations;
shows concern for peers and adults;
industrious
“Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, get to know it, become a true patriot” S. Mikhalkov
Age features of the moral development of preschoolers early childhood (up to 6.5 years) is the "golden time" in the child's emotional life (spontaneity in the expression of feelings, emotional conflictlessness, susceptibility to rapid changes in one-time impressions, freedom of expression of feelings);
the peak of the development of moral qualities that decrease with age: spiritual integrity, moral purity, spontaneity, innocence, sincerity, compassion
;
attitude to the world around: ideas about it are animated in nature - the whole world for a child is full of life;
preschool childhood is the period of greatest learning ability and susceptibility to pedagogical influences;
increased susceptibility to social influences, imitation;
the need for communication is an important social need;
innate attachment to loved ones, emotional dependence on adults.
Forms of work
Means of moral and patriotic education
Methods and techniques
The mechanism of the moral formation of a person:
Implementation conditions creation of a subject-developing environment (a corner of Russian culture, symbols of the state, etc.)
reliance on personal experience, the immediate environment (from love for home to love for the Motherland, etc.);
emotional coloring, impact on the feelings of the child;
interaction of three components: intellectual, sensory-emotional and effective-practical (recognize-contemplate-create);
organization of creative activity as a means of expressing feelings and emotions (art, dramatization, concerts and performances before the public, etc.);
collaboration with family
Expected results The formation of a person with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.
knows folk games and plays them;
uses folklore in active speech;
knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs;
meaningfully and actively participates in the holding of calendar and ritual holidays;
familiar with epic and fairy-tale heroes, recognizes them in works of fine art;
knows the state symbols;
knows how to distinguish handicrafts;
knows the history of his native street, city, region;
knows his rights and obligations;
shows concern for peers and adults;
industrious
“Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, get to know it, become a true patriot” S. Mikhalkov
early childhood (up to 6.5 years) is the "golden time" in the child's emotional life (spontaneity in the expression of feelings, emotional conflictlessness, susceptibility to rapid changes in one-time impressions, freedom of expression of feelings);
the peak of the development of moral qualities that decrease with age: spiritual integrity, moral purity, spontaneity, innocence, sincerity, compassion ;
attitude to the world around: ideas about it are animated in nature - the whole world for a child is full of life;
preschool childhood is the period of greatest learning ability and susceptibility to pedagogical influences;
increased susceptibility to social influences, imitation;
the need for communication is an important social need;
innate attachment to loved ones, emotional dependence on adults.
Means of moral and patriotic education
Methods and techniques
The mechanism of the moral formation of a person:
Implementation conditions creation of a subject-developing environment (a corner of Russian culture, symbols of the state, etc.)
reliance on personal experience, the immediate environment (from love for home to love for the Motherland, etc.);
emotional coloring, impact on the feelings of the child;
interaction of three components: intellectual, sensory-emotional and effective-practical (recognize-contemplate-create);
organization of creative activity as a means of expressing feelings and emotions (art, dramatization, concerts and performances before the public, etc.);
collaboration with family
Expected results The formation of a person with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.
knows folk games and plays them;
uses folklore in active speech;
knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs;
meaningfully and actively participates in the holding of calendar and ritual holidays;
familiar with epic and fairy-tale heroes, recognizes them in works of fine art;
knows the state symbols;
knows how to distinguish handicrafts;
knows the history of his native street, city, region;
knows his rights and obligations;
shows concern for peers and adults;
industrious
“Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, get to know it, become a true patriot” S. Mikhalkov
Means of moral and patriotic education
Methods and techniques
The mechanism of the moral formation of a person:
Implementation conditions creation of a subject-developing environment (a corner of Russian culture, symbols of the state, etc.)
reliance on personal experience, the immediate environment (from love for home to love for the Motherland, etc.);
emotional coloring, impact on the feelings of the child;
interaction of three components: intellectual, sensory-emotional and effective-practical (recognize-contemplate-create);
organization of creative activity as a means of expressing feelings and emotions (art, dramatization, concerts and performances before the public, etc.);
collaboration with family
Expected results The formation of a person with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.
knows folk games and plays them;
uses folklore in active speech;
knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs;
meaningfully and actively participates in the holding of calendar and ritual holidays;
familiar with epic and fairy-tale heroes, recognizes them in works of fine art;
knows the state symbols;
knows how to distinguish handicrafts;
knows the history of his native street, city, region;
knows his rights and obligations;
shows concern for peers and adults;
industrious
“Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, get to know it, become a true patriot” S. Mikhalkov
Methods and techniques
The mechanism of the moral formation of a person:
Implementation conditions creation of a subject-developing environment (a corner of Russian culture, symbols of the state, etc.)
reliance on personal experience, the immediate environment (from love for home to love for the Motherland, etc.);
emotional coloring, impact on the feelings of the child;
interaction of three components: intellectual, sensory-emotional and effective-practical (recognize-contemplate-create);
organization of creative activity as a means of expressing feelings and emotions (art, dramatization, concerts and performances before the public, etc.);
collaboration with family
Expected results The formation of a person with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.
knows folk games and plays them;
uses folklore in active speech;
knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs;
meaningfully and actively participates in the holding of calendar and ritual holidays;
familiar with epic and fairy-tale heroes, recognizes them in works of fine art;
knows the state symbols;
knows how to distinguish handicrafts;
knows the history of his native street, city, region;
knows his rights and obligations;
shows concern for peers and adults;
industrious
“Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, get to know it, become a true patriot” S. Mikhalkov
The mechanism of the moral formation of a person:
Implementation conditions creation of a subject-developing environment (a corner of Russian culture, symbols of the state, etc.)
reliance on personal experience, the immediate environment (from love for home to love for the Motherland, etc.);
emotional coloring, impact on the feelings of the child;
interaction of three components: intellectual, sensory-emotional and effective-practical (recognize-contemplate-create);
organization of creative activity as a means of expressing feelings and emotions (art, dramatization, concerts and performances before the public, etc.);
collaboration with family
Expected results The formation of a person with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.
knows folk games and plays them;
uses folklore in active speech;
knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs;
meaningfully and actively participates in the holding of calendar and ritual holidays;
familiar with epic and fairy-tale heroes, recognizes them in works of fine art;
knows the state symbols;
knows how to distinguish handicrafts;
knows the history of his native street, city, region;
knows his rights and obligations;
shows concern for peers and adults;
industrious
“Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, get to know it, become a true patriot” S. Mikhalkov
The mechanism of the moral formation of a person:
Implementation conditions creation of a subject-developing environment (a corner of Russian culture, symbols of the state, etc.)
reliance on personal experience, the immediate environment (from love for home to love for the Motherland, etc.);
emotional coloring, impact on the feelings of the child;
interaction of three components: intellectual, sensory-emotional and effective-practical (recognize-contemplate-create);
organization of creative activity as a means of expressing feelings and emotions (art, dramatization, concerts and performances before the public, etc.);
collaboration with family
Expected results The formation of a person with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.
knows folk games and plays them;
uses folklore in active speech;
knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs;
meaningfully and actively participates in the holding of calendar and ritual holidays;
familiar with epic and fairy-tale heroes, recognizes them in works of fine art;
knows the state symbols;
knows how to distinguish handicrafts;
knows the history of his native street, city, region;
knows his rights and obligations;
shows concern for peers and adults;
industrious
“Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, get to know it, become a true patriot” S. Mikhalkov
Implementation conditions creation of a subject-developing environment (a corner of Russian culture, symbols of the state, etc.)
reliance on personal experience, the immediate environment (from love for home to love for the Motherland, etc.);
emotional coloring, impact on the feelings of the child;
interaction of three components: intellectual, sensory-emotional and effective-practical (recognize-contemplate-create);
organization of creative activity as a means of expressing feelings and emotions (art, dramatization, concerts and performances before the public, etc.);
collaboration with family
Expected results The formation of a person with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.
knows folk games and plays them;
uses folklore in active speech;
knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs;
meaningfully and actively participates in the holding of calendar and ritual holidays;
familiar with epic and fairy-tale heroes, recognizes them in works of fine art;
knows the state symbols;
knows how to distinguish handicrafts;
knows the history of his native street, city, region;
knows his rights and obligations;
shows concern for peers and adults;
industrious
“Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, get to know it, become a true patriot” S. Mikhalkov
creation of a subject-developing environment (a corner of Russian culture, symbols of the state, etc.)
reliance on personal experience, the immediate environment (from love for home to love for the Motherland, etc.);
emotional coloring, impact on the feelings of the child;
interaction of three components: intellectual, sensory-emotional and effective-practical (recognize-contemplate-create);
organization of creative activity as a means of expressing feelings and emotions (art, dramatization, concerts and performances before the public, etc.);
collaboration with family
The formation of a person with an active life position and creative potential, capable of self-improvement, of harmonious interaction with other people.
knows folk games and plays them;
uses folklore in active speech;
knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs;
meaningfully and actively participates in the holding of calendar and ritual holidays;
familiar with epic and fairy-tale heroes, recognizes them in works of fine art;
knows the state symbols;
knows how to distinguish handicrafts;
knows the history of his native street, city, region;
knows his rights and obligations;
shows concern for peers and adults;
industrious
“Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, get to know it, become a true patriot” S. Mikhalkov
knows folk games and plays them;
uses folklore in active speech;
knows how to correlate what he sees in nature with folk signs;
meaningfully and actively participates in the holding of calendar and ritual holidays;
familiar with epic and fairy-tale heroes, recognizes them in works of fine art;
knows the state symbols;
knows how to distinguish handicrafts;
knows the history of his native street, city, region;
knows his rights and obligations;
shows concern for peers and adults;
industrious
“Only the one who loves, appreciates and respects what has been accumulated and preserved by the previous generation can love the Motherland, get to know it, become a true patriot” S. Mikhalkov
Literature:
Bure R.S., Ostrovskaya L.F. Educator - children. - M., 1985.
Education of moral feelings in older preschoolers / Ed. A.M. Vinogradova.- M., 1991.
Zharikov A.D. Raise children as patriots. - M., 1980.
Zhukovskaya R.I., Vinogradova N.F., Kozlova S.A. Motherland. -M., 1990.
Knyazeva O.L., Makhaneva M.D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: Program. - St. Petersburg: Childhood-Press, 1999.
Kostik E. P., Kochneva N. N. My home. - M., 2004.
Kuprina L.S., Budarina T.A., Markeeva O.A., Korepanova O.N. and others. Acquaintance of children with Russian folk art. - St. Petersburg: Childhood-Press, 1999.
Lyalina L.A. Folk games in kindergarten. - M .: TC Sphere, 2009.
Makhaneva M.D. Moral and patriotic education of preschool children. - M .: TC Sphere, 2009.
Novitskaya M. Yu. Heritage. Patriotic education in kindergarten. - M., 2003.
Shevchenko L.L. Good world. Orthodox culture for kids. Toolkit. - M .: Center for Support of the Cultural and Historical Traditions of the Fatherland, 2012.
experience preschool teacher. Individualization of personality
Currently, economic and political changes have led to significant social differentiation of the population and the loss of spiritual values common to all citizens of the country. These changes reduced the educational impact of Russian culture as the most important factor in the formation of a sense of patriotism. Therefore, the idea of educating patriotism and citizenship, acquiring an ever greater social significance, is becoming a task of national importance. The “National Doctrine of Education in the Russian Federation” emphasizes that “the education system is designed to ensure ... the education of Russian patriots, citizens of a legal democratic, welfare state respecting the rights and freedoms of the individual, possessing high morality and showing national and religious tolerance”.
The relevance and importance of moral and patriotic education in modern conditions is emphasized in the special program “Patriotic Education of Citizens of the Russian Federation for 2011-2015. ", approved by the Government RF dated 05.10.2010. The program determines the main ways of developing the system of patriotic education, substantiates its content, goals and objectives in modern conditions.
Studies of the problem of patriotic education of preschool children are reflected in the works of N.V. Aleshina, A.A. Zelenova, JI.B. Loginova, M. D. Makhaneva and others. One of the main tasks is the development of universal human values by a child, among which progressive thinkers have always singled out human rights, his freedom, respect for human dignity, caring for people, compassion, acceptance of another person as he is , what is defined by the term "tolerance" in the works of foreign and domestic scientists. Education of tolerance, today, is one of the most important problems. A.V. Sukhomlinsky argued: “A cultured person is tolerant of people of other nationalities, dissidents, and is not aggressive.” Tolerance, respect, acceptance and a correct understanding of the cultures of the world must be inculcated already in early age. To treat representatives of different nationalities with respect and reverence is an essential condition for tolerant education.
A child of preschool age is most susceptible to emotional and value, spiritual and moral development, civic education. At the same time, the shortcomings of development and education during this period of life are difficult to make up for in subsequent years. Experienced and assimilated in childhood is characterized by great psychological stability. Teaching materials on topics:
"Me and my family"
Game situations:
“To please mom, how easy it is” to develop the ability to understand the feelings of another person. The teacher offers one child to take on the role of mother, and another child. Playing out situations: “Mom is sick,“ Mom came home from work ”, etc.
Game exercise:"My desires" to promote awareness of one's well-being, mood, desires.
Productive activity: "My family" drawing up a genealogical tree of the family. The teacher invites the children at home, together with their parents, to find photographs and compose genealogical tree, then bring your trees to the group and tell the other guys about your family.
Kindness lesson: “How to share cookies”, “Why are you sad, mom?”
Pantomime "I was washing the dishes and dropped the cup", "I ate a lot of sweets", etc. The teacher tells the children that they will now be actors and they need to play a role.
The game is an imitation of “Quarreled-reconciled” to develop the ability to show emotional responsiveness. The teacher invites the children to act out situations: “one chocolate bar. How to share among several children
Scheme- duties "The life of my family" the teacher asks the children how they help at home, and offers to make cheat sheets - helpers.
Drawing his portrait, the child tells how he sees himself on a large sheet of paper, using different techniques and art material, each child draws his own portrait
Lessons of kindness "Looking in the mirror" to promote a sense of trust, openness. The child is invited to look in a magic mirror, and use facial expressions to show his feelings in different situations (“It's my birthday”, “I'm sick”, etc.)
Practice shows that purposeful work on spiritual and moral education should be carried out in the following areas:
- spiritual and moral education of preschool children;
- the formation of citizenship and patriotism in preschool children;
- development of ideas about folk culture.
Aspects of spiritual and moral education of preschool children include the following tasks:
- the formation of ideas about good and evil, justice, responsiveness and mutual assistance in preschool children;
- enrichment of the practical moral behavior of preschoolers through game methods and techniques;
- ensuring the psychological and moral health of preschool children;
- knowledge of the world around children of preschool age.
The formation of citizenship and patriotism in preschool children includes the following concepts:
- Russia, the multinational people of the Russian Federation, civil society, family, labor, art, science, religion, nature, humanity.
- patriotism - love for Russia, for one's people, for one's small homeland, service to the Fatherland;
- family - love and fidelity, health, prosperity, respect for parents, care for older and younger, care for procreation;
- art and literature - beauty, harmony, the spiritual world of man, moral choice, the meaning of life, aesthetic development, ethical development;
- nature - evolution, native land, reserved nature, planet Earth, ecological consciousness;
- humanity - world peace, diversity of cultures and peoples, progress of mankind, international cooperation.
The main goal of the third direction- this is the formation in children of preschool age of the "basis of culture" on the basis of familiarization with the life and life of the native people, its character, its inherent moral values, traditions, and cultural characteristics. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were defined:
- introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture;
- to cultivate interest and love for Russian national culture, folk art, customs, traditions, rituals, folk calendar, folk games.
- use all kinds of folklore as the richest source of cognitive and moral development of children.
- create conditions for independent reflection of the acquired knowledge and skills by children;
- to involve parents in the educational process through the joint holding of calendar holidays.
Special attention we devote to the use of folklore (fairy tales, songs, proverbs, sayings, round dances). Since it is in oral folk art that the special features of the national character, its inherent moral values, ideas about goodness, beauty, truth, courage, diligence, and fidelity have been preserved. Introducing children to sayings, riddles, proverbs, fairy tales, we thereby introduce them to universal moral values. In proverbs and sayings, various life positions are briefly and aptly assessed, human shortcomings are ridiculed, and positive qualities are praised. An important place in the works of oral folk art is occupied by a respectful attitude to work, admiration for the skill of human hands. Due to this, folklore works are the richest source of cognitive and moral development of children. Folk holidays and traditions should take a great place in familiarizing children with folk culture. It is here that the finest observations are focused on the characteristic features of the seasons, weather changes, the behavior of birds, insects, and plants. Moreover, these observations are directly related to the labor and various aspects of human social life in all their integrity and diversity.
Spiritual and moral development and education of preschool children should be included in all types of children's activities. In other words, the integration of education is necessary, which includes:
- conversations on topics Everyday life and the surrounding world;
- Reading and discussing works of art universal way talking with children on spiritual and moral topics;
- music, painting, poetry as the spiritual basis of creativity.
- role-playing games with problem situations;
- simulation games;
- interactive games;
- playing and modeling problem situations;
- viewing and analysis of fragments of animated films with subsequent modeling of new versions;
- holding a tournament of connoisseurs.
Thus, the spiritual and moral development and education of the individual as a whole is a complex, multifaceted process. It is inseparable from human life in all its fullness and inconsistency, from the family, society, culture, humanity as a whole, from the country of residence and the cultural and historical era that forms the way of life of the people and the consciousness of man.
Literature
1. A.Ya. Danilyuk, A.M. Kondakov, V.A. Tishkov, The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia. - Moscow "Enlightenment", 2009
2. Acquaintance of children with Russian folk art: Notes of classes and scenarios of calendar and ritual holidays: Methodological guide for teachers of preschool educational institutions / Ed. comp. Kuprina L.S., Budarina T.A., Makhaneva O.A., Korepanova O.N. etc. - St. Petersburg: "Childhood-Press", 2004.
3. Calendar ritual holidays for preschool children. Authors: Pugacheva N.V; Esaulova N.A.; Potapova N.N. study guide. - M .: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005.
4. Knyazeva O.L., Makhaneva M.D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: Program. Teaching aid - St. Petersburg: Childhood-Press, 2004.
5. Litvinova M.F. Russian folk outdoor games for children of preschool and primary school age: A practical guide. / M .: Airis-press, 2003.
Music as a means of forming the spiritual, moral and patriotic qualities of the personality of preschoolers
Kokina Larisa Konstantinovna
music director of the highest qualification category
MBDOU kindergarten No. 15 "Brook"
Russia, Nizhny Novgorod region, the city of Sergach.
Annotation: The article is devoted to spiritual, moral and patriotic education in the process of musical activity of preschool children. Introduced personal experience on the formation of personal qualities of preschool children in music classes, holidays and entertainment.
Keywords: spiritual and moral, patriotic, education, preschoolers, music, musical activity.
Music as means of formation of spiritual and moral and patriotic qualities of the identity of preschool children
Kokina Larisa Konstantinovna
musical director of the highest qualification category
MBDOU kindergarten №15 "Trickle"
Russia, Nizhny Novgorod region, Sergach.
Abstract: the Article is devoted to spiritual, moral and Patriotic education in the process of musical activity of preschool children. Personal experience on the formation of personal qualities of children of preschool age on musical occupations, holidays and entertainments is presented.
key words: spiritual and moral, Patriotic education, preschool children, music, musical activity.
“In the soul and heart of the child, holy images, thoughts and dreams should be settled - a sense of beauty, the desire for self-knowledge and self-development; responsibility for your thoughts; striving for the good; courage and fearlessness, a sense of care and compassion, joy and admiration... "
Shalvo Amonashvili
Preschool age is the most important stage in the development and education of the child's personality. Exactly at preschool childhood an internal system of universal values is being formed, which will form the basis of the entire future life of the child.
Spiritual and moral education of a person is a difficult and long-term process.A positive result can be achieved only by systematic work, which should take place in the joint activities of teachers, parents and children.
Musical art is the richest and most effective means of spiritual and moral education, it has great power of influence and education of human feelings.Music in the best possible way allows you to develop all the good that was originally inherent in the child. In the process of learning, he begins to become more deeply aware of himself and actively strive for goodness and love.Introduce the little oneschildren to the wonderful world of music, educatingon its basisgood feelings, instilling moral qualities - a grateful and at the same time an important task.
The musical director of the kindergarten forms the foundations of musical and general culture, spiritual formation and personality development in a preschooler. To achieve this goal, through the organization of musical educational activities the following tasks are solved:
Development of cognitive, artistic and creative abilities of children through familiarization with works of musical art and folklore;
Accumulation of experience in the perception of folk music;
Education of a spiritual and moral attitude and a sense of belonging to the family, home, kindergarten, to the native land, native country; culture of behavior by means of musical and aesthetic activity.[ 1, 13 ]
To solve these problems, we useforms of work: holidays and entertainment, complex classes based on literary, musical and artistic works of domestic authors and works of oral folk art, conversations - concerts, parent meetings and conferences, literary and musical drawing rooms.
In the music hall of the kindergarten, conditions have been created for the formation and development of the foundations of musical culture and the creative abilities of children. There are recordings of classical music, works of Russian folk art, children's songs, portraits of composers, didactic games, presentations to familiarize children with folk art, with folk ritual holidays and customs, with Russian nature, and also with modern patriotic holidays. The methodological material is constantly updated and supplemented with new developments. Developing subject - spatial environment the music hall complies with GEF DO.
The work is built in stages, according to age characteristics children, strictly observing the content of educational - educational process MBDOU kindergarten No. 15 "Brook".
Active formation of spiritual and moral qualities begins from the early preschool age. At this age, through listening to songs, learning characteristic dances and music games knowledge about family, home and kindergarten. By middle age, active socialization takes place, knowledge about the surrounding life, about their small homeland, expands. Much attention is paid here to the traditions and customs, originality and national flavor of the native land.
At an older age, the child's civic position is formed, familiarization with the musical culture of his native country, the upbringing of artistic taste, a conscious attitude to the national musical heritage.
Great potential for spiritual, moral and patriotic influence lies in folk art. Folklore unobtrusively, often in a cheerful game form acquaint children with the customs, life and work of the Russian people, with a careful attitude to nature, love of life and a sense of humor.
The works of folk musical creativity are simple, figurative, melodic, so children quickly learn them. The intonational merits of songs allow children to use them both at a younger age and at an older one. Folk songs promote development in children younger age initial singing skills. At an older age, they can be used as chanting. A wide variety of folk music is widely used for learning dance movements, round dances, dances, and dramatizations. It also constantly sounds when performing movements in music classes and in morning exercises.
In order to form love for the small motherland among preschoolers, a regional component is included in the musical education plan - acquaintance with Tatar and Mordovian musical creativity - this is a variable part of the main general education program.
One of the means of realizing the tasks of spiritual, moral and patriotic education was the folk holidays. The holidays are held in a playful way, where children consolidate their knowledge with arts and crafts: haze, Khokhloma, Gzhel, Russian matryoshka. A great abundance of folk games, dances and round dances do not let either adults or children get bored. Guests, parents and children are direct participants in the activities of the preschool educational institution.
celebration public holidays Russia is also an integral part of the education of spiritual, moral and patriotic qualities of preschoolers: Defender of the Fatherland Day, International Women's Day, Victory Day, Russia Day, Day national unity, mothers Day. They contribute to the development in preschool children of a sense of pride in their homeland.
A good tradition has become the annual fair "Sergach Chime", which is held in the form of a parent conference and is a summing up of the past school year. The scenario of the conference is based on the relationship between folk culture and family traditions.
Holidays form in children an idea of the festive culture, introduce them to the traditions of the celebration, and introduce them to the universal culture. On this basis, moral qualities, artistic taste are brought up in preschool children, an active life position is formed.[ 1, 304 ]
By joining the cultural musical heritage, the child learns the standards of beauty, appropriates the valuable cultural experience of generations.
According to D.D. Shostakovich "...Music can show millions of people what is happening in the soul of one person, and reveal to one person what the soul of all mankind is filled with..."[ 1, 12 ]
Used Books:
1. O.P. Radynova, L.N. Komissarov "Theory and methods of musical education of preschool children"
2. A.Ya. Danilyuk, A.M. Kondakov, V.A. Tishkov "The concept of spiritual and moral development and education of the personality of a citizen of Russia"
3. M.D. Makhaneva "Moral and patriotic education of preschoolers"
