What the size of the stones in the bustling bubble is dangerous. Causes, symptoms and methods of treatment of stones in the bustling bubble. Breast disease - treatment of folk remedies

To understand how to get rid of stones in the bustling bubble, you need to get a general idea of \u200b\u200bthe disease. The presence of a concrete in a bile bubble or biliary ways means the development of gall-eyed disease. More often, this is due to improper metabolism or bile stagnation.

The stones in the gall bladder consist of cholesterol crystals or bilirubin salts. Education is common, each tenth person is found, in old age even more often. There are different shapes and sizes from fine bile sweets and pebbles with a size of 2 cm (20 mm) to huge stones with a diameter of 16 cm (160 mm) and more.

Violation of metabolism and qualitative composition of bile with the predominance of calcium, biliary pigments or cholesterol.
Cholecystitis.
Biliary dyskinesia.
Stast bile due to various pathologies (large duodenal papilla, biliary tract).

The predisposing factors include:

Belonging to the female floor.
Excessive body weight.
Frequent pregnancy.
Estrogenaterapy.
Genetic predisposition.
Incorrect meals with plenty of fat.
Bottling diets.
Certain diseases (hemolysis, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, crown disease and other).
Laparotomic surgical operations.

Clinical current

Quite often, the disease proceeds asymptomatic. Gradually, when accumulating the concrete, it begins to disturb the patients with the specified symptoms:

Catching pain in the epigastric on the right, different in the intensity.
The feeling of bitterness in the language.
Nausea, vomiting, belching.
Hyperthermia.
Yellow skin staining and scler.

Manifestations of bile colic

The specified state often accompanies the stones in the bustling bubble. Colic is characterized by intensely unbearable pain in the right side. Pains precede the error in the diet or shaking.

The pain is so strong that the patient does not manage to find a comfortable position. Colika can accompany vomiting if inflammation develops in the gallbladder, high temperature joins.

Diagnostics

The doctor is obliged to conduct diagnostic measures in full, excluding other pathology, determine the severity of the state. As a rule, patients appeal to a doctor after an attack of a liver colic, the pain delivers considerable discomfort and is prone to repetition.

It is important that the doctor gathered a full history and find out where the disease began, as he touched, what medicines helped, the nature of the manifestation of attacks, trace the connection of the disease with food. Then there is an inspection and identification of symptoms of calculatory (bile) cholecystitis - Kera, Murphy, Oder-Greek and others. The color of the biliary covers and Scler is estimated, jaundice begins from there.

After consultation, the instrumental diagnosis of stones in the bustling bubble is carried out:

Ultrasound examination - in most cases, the bubble concrete reveals.
X-ray abdominal cavity:

A review radiograph is aimed at identifying a concrete with a large amount of calcium in the composition.
Study with the introduction of contrast in the gallbladder - allows you to find stones that are not visible on standard X-rays.

CT and MRI allow you to distinguish even small stones in the bustle bubble, are used for differential diagnosis.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancopathography helps assess the condition of bile ducts, detect the concrections and volumetric neoplasms.

Laboratory diagnostics are carried out - the level of bilirubin and inflammation markers (CRS, ESO, leukocytosis and other) is determined in the blood.

Treatment

Patients who do not know where to apply for a gallway disease is to sign up for the reception to the gastroenterologist. The doctor will fulfill the full examination and will determine the further steps of treatment. Self-treatment is strictly forbidden, able to harm. For example, the use of choleretic agents in the presence of stones leads to complications.

If the stones are small (up to 3 cm.), Education has little, it is permissible to try conservative therapy. This refers to the resorption of concrections through the introduction of special medicines, remote shock-wave lithotripsy, percutaneous chrsechinal cholelitoliz and others.

Medical dissolution of stones

For the specified method of therapy, preparations containing ursodeoxychole and hanodoxychole acid are used. Substances dissolve the accrete containing excess cholesterol. Typically, the method is used when the stones are small (4-16 mm). When choosing a method, the reduction of the gallbladder should remain normal.

Medicines are applied by a long course from six months to two years under the supervision of the doctor. In most cases, the method helps, but the disease is able to appear again. Preventing relapses, it will be necessary to continue the reception of drugs in small dosages.

Remote shock-wave lithotripsy

The method is designed to crush a large stone in a bustling bubble into many small, often used in the complex with the previous method. The first step is the crushing of large stones. The second is the medication dissolution of the resulting small fragments.

Shock-wave lithotripsy tatt a lot of dangers, when the procedure can be blocked by a bile duct or damage the gallbladder. There is a need for surgical intervention.

Expressive Chrsecheny Hollyitoliz

Rare minimally invasive method of therapy. It is the catheterization of the gallbladder through the skin and liver fabric. On the catheter, a means (methylbutyl ether) is introduced, the resolution of any origin is introduced.

Operational treatment

When conservative treatment is contraindicated or inefficient, it is required to decide on operational intervention. Endoscopic operations are often carried out through a small laparoscopic hole. Interventions are minimally invasive, do not leave large scars, relatively inexpensive and less frequently complicated with hernias.

Perhaps either a bubble entirely with a concretion. The organ, metabolism disappear disappear does not disappear, the stones are capable of appearing again. If the stone is large, with other testimony (spikes, obesity, pregnancy) produced an open laparotomic operation.

Postcholecistectomic syndrome

The operation helps most of the patients, rarely (two out of ten cases) there are consequences of treatment or residual phenomena that have not disappeared after surgery, combined postcholecistectomic syndrome. These include:

The lesions of biliary trapes that are not associated with the bubble bubble (violations in the Sphinteer Oddi, Kolatokha Conduct).
Postoperative complications (spikes, hernia, damage to biliary ducts, the formation of stones in the cult of bubble and other).
Diseases that arose under the influence of bile concrections, but not stopped after surgery (biliary pancreatitis, hepatitis).

Properly selected treatment brings to get rid of the disease, it is necessary to contact medical help.

Diet

If a person has a tendency to education or education arose, but removed, it is extremely important to adhere to a special diet. It is necessary to eat often (6 times in bitch) small portions. With such a nutrition, the yoy through the duodenal papilla is constantly stimulated, the secret is not stirred. If the portion is too large, the gallbladder motor is enhanced that in the presence of a concrete, it is capable of inflammation.

The diet is assumed to be balanced, filled with nutrients, vitamins and microelements. It is recommended to use low-fat varieties of meat and seafood, low-fat dairy products, porridge, especially oatmeal and buckwheat, vegetable food (fruits, vegetables, greens, dried fruits), compotes, juices, mineral water. It is not recommended to use oily, fried, sharp dishes, products with an increased content of caffeine, smoked, canned food, garlic, cucumbers, beans.

Prevention

If the predisposing factors are installed, the rules must be followed:

News right mode and diet (described in the article).
Maintain a normal body weight with physical education and diet.
Reception of drugs that improve metabolic processes in bile.
Timely appeal for medical care in the event of the first symptoms of the disease.
Do not engage in self-medication, do not take independently bilent means. In the case of severe pain, it is allowed to take a tablet of but-shops either similar to the spasmolytic.

Complications

In the case of incorrect or late treatment, these complications arise:

Cholecystitis is an inflammatory disease of the gallbladder.
Bile colic.
Inflammation of biliary ducts.
The bile peritonitis - arises due to the bursting of the bubble with the expiration of bile in the abdominal cavity. Extremely dangerous.
Bilyarya Pancreatitis - appears due to increased pressure in the biliary ways and getting bile in pancreatic ducts and damage to the ducts and pancreatic cells.
Septic complications in the case of attachment infection.
Malignant tumors arising due to constant damage to the walls of the bubble.

But they are their size and determines the symptoms, a clinical picture, the severity of the flow of gall-eyed illness and its possible complications.

In composition, bile stones can be:

cholesterol (not visible on X-rays);
pigmented;
lime;
mixed.

Pathogenesis of the formation of stones in the gallbladder

The formation of stones in the bustling bubble is associated with different reasons, among which can be noted:

violation of the secretion of bile;
violation of the outflow of bile;
concentration of bile;
elevated cholesterol level in bile;
inflammation of the gallbladder.

All this leads to the concentration of bile, its stagnation and concentration. Initially, the core of the gallstone is formed, for which in the future and there is an increase in cholesterol (or other) shell. The dimensions of the bile stones can increase from the fraction of a millimeter ("sand"), up to 5-6 cm.

Disadvantages can bring both stones with respect to small sizes and large stones. All of them in one degree or another violate the normal bile current, disturb the normal gallbladder motorcy, can lead to inflammation of the gallbladder. In relation to the development of complications of bile-named disease, stones are most dangerous to 0.3-0.7 cm,which can get out of the gallbladder and emphasize the bile duct with all the consequences arising from here.

The gallbladder may contain from 1 stone, up to several thousand small pebbles. Moreover, stones up to 3 mm can go through bile ducts alone. Larger stones can fascinate (overlapping) ducts, causing stagnation of bile, hypertension of bile ducts, jaundice, acute pancreatitis and other complications.

Stones, up to 2.5-3 cm, can be treated with conservative and minimally invasive techniques, such as drug litholysis, remote lithotripsy, contact lithotripsy. Larger stones are advisable to treat with the help of operational techniques (laparotomic or endoscopic cholecistectomy).

Inna Lavrenko

Reading time: 5 minutes

Formation in the cavity of the gallbladder of concrections, in the people referred to as stones, is due to violation normal current Exchange processes and stagnation of bile. This pathology, along with cholecystitis (inflammation of the walls of the bubble), is the most common disease of this. internal organ And the title is called a gallway disease. Dimensions, like their number, may be different.

The chemical composition of the bile is a mixture of fatty and bile acids, as well as phospholipids, proteins, urea, hormonal and enzymes, potassium compounds, sodium, chlorine, magnesium, iodine, bilirubin (gall pigment) and cholesterol. Its appointment is the splitting of heavy fats, stimulation of the pancreas and antibacterial protection of intestinal microflora from the pathogenic bacteria.

Causes of the formation of gallstones

Among the main factors provoking stone formation in this body, specialists allocate the following:

disturbed metabolism that can be both congenital and acquired;
dyskinesia (violation of motility) of the Bubble itself and its ducts, as a result of which congestion processes arise in the organ cavity, as a result of which some bile ingredients (mainly cholesterol and bilirubin) fall into precipitate and crystallized, forming the so-called biliary sweet, from which with time and stone formation occurs;
bile stagnation caused by inflammatory process, infection, change chemical composition this secretary or tumor;
anomalies of the structure of this organ and / or its ducts of a congenital character.

The following people fall into the risk risk group:

obese;
chilled cholesteri-containing products;
having diagnosis "diabetes";
for a long time, those receiving some drugs (for example, antibiotic preparations and hormonal medications with a high content of estrogen);
women during pregnancy.

By substance constituting the basis of the concrement, they are divided into three types:

Cholesterol stones are the most common (up to 80 percent of all diagnosed concrections), and are formed out of the reduction crystals of excess cholesterol.

Bilirubin (pigmented) stones are formed due to the presence of excessive biliary pigment-soluble in water - bilirubin. As a rule, such concretions are found in the elderly, in patients with diagnosis of liver cirrhosis and patients with various hemolytic diseases.

The main method of diagnosing gallstone disease is the abdominal ultrasound procedure. In challenging cases, to clarify the diagnosis, computer tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiography and endoscopic sensing.

Methods for the treatment of gallstones

The choice of methods for treating this pathology depends on the type of concretions, their quantities, size and localization. Conservative techniques, such as medication therapy, treatment folk remedies And the shock-wave crushing stones with ultrasound are used, as a rule, for the treatment of cholesterol counters, with dimensions of no more than 10-millimeters, if they do not threaten the overlap of the gall duct and fill no more than a third of the volume of the bubble cavity.

To dissolve cholesterol stones, preparations based on hyheno and ursodoxichetic acid ("URSOFAL", "Henofalc", etc.) are used. To control the effectiveness of therapy once every six months, the patient should undergo an ultrasound procedure. Sometimes such treatment allows you to do without surgery.

If the concrections reach large sizes, threaten to block the duct or occupy more than half of the volume of the body of the organ - the operation called cholecystectomy is assigned. The essence of this operation is to resection bubble. Such an operation is performed in two ways - traditional curious or laparoscopic. The second method is less trauma and is the main one with such operations.

No matter how the method of treating gallstone disease is not applied, a particular diet is prescribed to the patient, called the "Medical Table No. 5".

It implies fractional nutrition with dietary products, in which food intake is made five to six times a day in small portions through equal time intervals.

Gallgamed disease (choletiasis) is considered one of the most common diseases. It is characterized by an education in a bustling bubble of solid stones, different sizes and shapes. More often, women suffer from illness, as well as people abusing oily and protein food.

The gallbladder is an important organ that participates in the process of digestion. It accumulates the bile-produced bile, necessary to digest food. It has narrow ducts that open in the small intestine and deliver bile in it to digest oily food, cholesterol, bilirubin. It is from the bile that rocky formations are formed, blocking bile ducts.

What is gallstone disease

For the disease, the formation in the bustling bubble or ducts, solid stones is characteristic. Pathology appears as a result of cholesterol disorders. The bile consists of bilirubin and cholesterol, and the stones in the bubble are formed due to its stagnation. At the same time, cholesterol is delayed in the body and forms a dense sediment in a bustling bubble, from which sand is formed.

Over time, if you do not start treatment, the grains are glued together, forming solid conglomerates. The formation of such stones takes from 5 to 25 years, and the patient has no unpleasant sensation for a long time.

The risk group of gallstone disease includes elderly, as well as patients receiving drugs affecting cholesterol exchange. Hearing the development of the disease can provoke the inheritance, improper nutrition (overeating and fasting), some gastrointestinal diseases, exchange disorders.

Look in the video about the effect of starvation on the gallbladder:

Symptoms of stones in anguil bubble

The sharpness and degree of manifestation of symptoms depends on the size of the stones and their location. The longer the disease lasts, the very painful symptoms. One of the most pronounced signs of gallpoint disease is a strong and acute pain, called hepatic or bile colic.

It is localized in the right hypochondrium, and a few hours after the start of the attack, covers the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe gallbladder. The pain can be in the neck, back, under the blade and in the heart.

Basic symptoms:

heartburn;
bitterness in the mouth;
belching;
pain under the ribs on the right;
total weakness.

The reason for the attack often the use of oily, sharp and fried products, alcohol. Pain can provoke stress, physical overload, gallbladder spasm caused by the movement of stones. The blockage of bile ducts is accompanied by a constant pain, feeling of gravity in the right side.

Characterized by the emergence of strong nausea and vomiting, violation of the chair, bloating. In some cases, there is an increase in temperature, fever, and with the complete blockage of the main duct of bile - jaundice and white feces.

Causes of rock formation

The gallbladder has a volume of not more than 70-80 ml, and bile, which in it should not be lingering and accumulated. The process of its movement to the intestines should be continuous. With long-term, embellished, cholesterol and bilirubin fall into the precipitate, where their crystallization occurs. This process leads to the formation of stones of various sizes and shapes.

Causes of the LCB (gallway disease):

obesity;
reception of hormonal drugs;
heredity;
alcohol abuse;
irregular nutrition, long fasting;
reception of drugs affecting cholesterol (octreotide, cyclosporin);
inflammatory process in the bustling bubble;
in women - numerous childbirth;
diabetes;
operations on the intestines;
increased calcium level in bile.

Often, the HCB is caused by consuming oily and acute food, endocrine pathologies, toxic lesions of the liver.

Types of stones in the bustling bubble, and what sizes they reach

Several types of stones differing in composition. It depends on the components of bile.

Species of stones:

cholesterol;
lime;
mixed;
bilirubinovaya.

Cholesterol stones are rounded smooth formations with a homogeneous structure. They can achieve a size of about 15-20 mm in diameter, and the reason for their formation is a violation of metabolism in full of people. Localizable exclusively in the bustling bubble and appear in the absence of an inflammatory process.

Lime, consist of calcium, and the cause of their formation is the inflammation of the gallbladder. Around bacteria or small cholesterol particles, calcium salts accumulate, which quickly solidify and form stones of various shapes and sizes.

Mixed stones arise as a result of amplifying the inflammatory process in the liver and a bustling bubble. Cholesterol and pigment formations are layered by calcium salts, forming solid inhomogeneous formations with a layered structure.

Bilirubinic, are formed regardless of the presence of inflammation, and the cause of this is the disruption of the protein composition of blood or congenital variables associated with the increased decay of red blood cells. These stones are small and more often localized in bile ducts.

Less frequently, there are limestone stones, and more often - mixed, whose size ranges from 0.5 mm to 5-6 cm.

Diagnosis of gallway disease

LCB for a long time proceeds asymptomatic, and to the doctor, patients only apply for severe pain. The liver colic requires a survey from a gastroenterologist to confirm the diagnosis. The doctor is obliged to appoint a general blood test and biochemistry.

In a biochemical study, an elevated level of bilirubin is well noticeable, and in general - an increase in leukocytes and a quick ESP (the rate of sedimentation of red blood cells).

Further diagnosis requires an ultrasound of a gallbladder, which shows the presence of stones in the bustling bubble and ducts in 90-95% of cases, as well as choledochoscopy. Lime education is clearly visible on X-ray, and ultrasonography with the help of an endoscope allows you to see the stones in the bustling bubble in very complete, obese patients.

ERGP (endoscopic retrograde pancreatocholangiography) effectively identifies stony formations in bile ducts.

When the stones in the bustle bubble are better not to touch

From large stones will help to get rid of the surgeon, but if the disease does not exhibit oneself in any way, then it is not necessary to treat it. The main thing that needs to be done is to keep a diet, keep a healthy lifestyle, abandon bad habits.

Small pebbles can be dissolved using medicines, but it will have to be treated for a very long time, and the effect is short. In addition, the use of such drugs destroys the liver cells and causes multiple complications.

If 1-2 small pebble is detected, then they can be crushed using a shock wave. After which fine sand Itself comes out of the body. In no case cannot be used choleretic drugs (including on a vegetable basis). The uncontrolled movement of stones on a gall bladder, threatens with dangerous complications.

Treatment methods

Medicase treatment is used only at the initial stage of development of the HCB.

In this case, the doctor prescribes the reception of the following drugs:

The addition of a secondary infection requires the reception of antibiotics, and for dissolving cholesterol stones, zymoplan and bile acid preparations are used. The latter, have different active substances and are divided into two groups: Ursodezoxychole (Ursosan, URSOFALK) and Henodetoxychole (Henosan, Henohol).

Reception of such drugs requires compliance with certain conditions:

small stones size (5-15 mm in diameter);
gall bubble is reduced independently;
stones are absent in bile ducts.

Drinking these medicines will have long, more than 2 years, and they can cause a lot of complications.

There is a fairly interesting technique that called contact dissolution. Its essence is that a special substance dissolving (propionate) is introduced into the gallbladder and ducts. After such a procedure, a patient requires long-term supporting therapy.

Not less popular with sprouting (shock-wave therapy), converting stones in small grain grains. But it is possible to use this method of treatment only in the absence of stones in the ducts.

Find out in the video about a powerful tool that helps to bring the stones from the gallbladder:

When the gallbladder is needed to remove

Complete removal of the gallbladder is carried out with the development of acute calculous or chronic cholecystitis. In this case, an open extension operation (classical cholecystectomy) or an operation with laparoscopy (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) can be used.

In some cases, a surgical removal of laparoscopy with stones can be required without removing the gallbladder. It is carried out with frequent recurrences, the presence of large stones.

Diet with gallway disease

The first signs of the appearance of stones require the transition to strict dietary food. In this case, the table number 5 is assigned, and it will have to adhere to life.

From the menu completely exclude:

any meat and fish broths;
fried, fat and salty;
marinades, smoked, seasonings;
eggs;
bakery and fresh rye bread;
strong tea and coffee;
alcohol and soda;
meat and canned fish.

It is necessary to eat small portions, not less than 5-6 times a day, and food must be cooked or baked without butter and fat. In the diet should be present a large number of Vegetables and vegetable oils.

Prevention

As the prevention of the HCR, it is necessary to eat correctly, normalize the weight, to engage in physical education or simply provide regular physical exertion.

If the gallway disease is already diagnosed, in order to avoid repeated recurrences, litholitic drugs must be taken for six months, fear of receiving some medicines, reset excess weight. Long fasting and irregular food can also provoke the formation of stones.

Conclusion

GCB is more common in women, and provoking its appearance can be improper nutrition, hypodynamics and heredity, harmful habits.
Disease for a long time can proceed asymptomatic, without causing unpleasant sensations.
When the liver colic appears, you must urgently consult a doctor.
It is impossible to take plant choleretic drugs in the diagnosis of HCB.
It is impossible to choose medications to dissolve the stones. This should be engaged in a specialist.

Hepatologist, gastroenterologist, nutritionist

Svetlana Vladimirovna takes patients with diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal tract of varying severity. Thanks to its knowledge in nutrition, on the basis of diagnostics, the full range of intra-abdominal therapy conducts.

Ball-name disease is a general-quality disease due to the formation of campanery formations (concrections) in a bustling bubble, ducts as a result of a violation of biomechanisms of certain metabolic reactions. The frequency of occurrence of the disease is from 10% for the adult population to 30% for people of elderly and senile age.

The ailment develops for a long time - for several years, during which a polymorphic symptomatic picture is observed. Conservative methods are used to remove stones (drug dissolving, shock-wave or laser exposure). In advanced cases, the elimination of the accumulation is carried out through operational intervention.

Causes of stone formation in the gallbladder

The main factors that cause the emergence and further development of pathology are the production of bile, oversaturated cholesterol, the displacement of the equilibrium balance between the activity of antinucleating and poring biocomponents against the background of the deterioration of the reduction in the gallbladder.

This problem may be a consequence of various autoimmune diseases (diabetes mellitus, hemolytic anemia, granulomatous colitis, various forms of allergies, liver cirrhosis and other). However, the most likely reasons for the formation of concrections are considered as follows:

The presence of inflammatory phenomena in biliary ducts, bubble.
Genetic predisposition.
Hemicultomy (total or subtotal).
Obesity.
Transferred surgical operations on the organs of the digestive tract.
Dyskinesia (functional disorders of motility) biliary tract.
Periods of pregnancy.
Unbalanced nutrient diet, the basis of which is cholesterol-containing products, poor vegetable fibers.
The lesions of hepatic parenchyma characterized by infectious-toxic etiology.
Cholesterosis.
Sharp weight loss, starvation.
The presence of impaired suction syndrome.
Reception certain medicinal preparations (including oral contraceptives).
Cholecystitis (xantoganulmatous, chronic form).
Age changes.
Disorders of the functions of the endocrine system.
Lifeline lifestyle, hypodynamia.

The stone formation in the bubble and biliary cavity can be provoked by mechanical causes: the presence of tumor-like tumors, adhesions, swelling, burning and overtakes. In addition, the presence of congenital anomalies - Cyst of the main bile duct, diverticulous duodenum.

Symptoms of stones in the gallbladder

For gallstone disease, initially (first 4-8 years old) is characteristic of the asymptomatic flow. The time of symptoms and its intensity depend on the size of the stones, their species, the number and locations of localization.

The main feature indicating the presence of stone structures is the hepatic colic - painful syndrome, felt in the right hypochondrium and often irradiating to the right blade, shoulder, lumbar region, chest. They appear due to the use of alcohol-containing drinks, highly liquid dishes. Often observed as a result of psycho-emotional or exercise. The duration of the pain attachment is 4 - 6 hours. The presence of catholic formations also indicate symptoms:

Vomiting containing an admixture of bile.
Intestinal disorders (constipation, diarrhea, meteorism).
The temperature rise to subfebris (37.1 - 37.8 degrees).
Discoloration of carts.
Increased fatigue, general weakness.
Impairment of appetite.
Obstructive jaundice.
The presence of bitter taste in the mouth.
The appearance of plaque is white or brown color on the surface of the tongue.
The manifestation of painful sensations in the process of palpation of bubble points.
Identification of neutrophilic leukocytosis, eosinophilia.
The manifestation of pain in the process of driving on uneven road surface.
Individual intolerance to certain products.

For launched cases, cholecystocardial syndrome, manifested in the form of paroxy or nicer pains, localized in the field of heart tops. The appearance of pain in the joints, neurasthenic syndrome. With full procurement of ducts, fever, convulsive spasms, high sweating are observed.

Diagnosis of gallway disease

To identify the disease, 2 types of methods are used - laboratory and instrumental. Laboratory research Provide a fence of biochemical and general blood tests. If there are stones, an increase in aminotransferase activity is observed, the growth of leukocyte levels, bilirubin indicators and erythrocyte sedimentation rate.

The main instrumental method is ultrasound procedure, allowing to establish the state of the organs of the biliary system, the presence of inflammatory processes in them, as well as accurate localization of the concrections, their size and number. Additional diagnostics are possible in the following ways:

Expressive christsechen cholangiography is a contrasting antegrade examination of biliary tract through percutaneous blind puncture of the liver.
Endoscopic ultrasonicography is an ultrasound study of pathology through a medical endoscope administered inside through the esophagus. It is assigned in the presence of obesity, meteorism.
Cholecystocholangiography - the creation of an X-ray image with the image of the ducts and the bubble. Requires oral or intravenous administration to the organism of X-ray-contrast iodine-containing compounds. It is used before carrying out laparoscopy.
X-ray - Getting a review of the upper cavity of the abdomen in order to detect calcinates.
Endoscopic retrograde pancreaticolangiography is a method requiring administration to radiocontrase substances using an endoscope and providing for further examination of biliary tract and bubble through an X-ray machine.

The detection of large-sized stones is possible by palpation. The diagnosis and purpose of the appropriate therapy is carried out by a gastroenterologist. In the presence of testimony to operational methods of treatment requires a full-time surgeon consultation.

Types of stones in the bustling bubble

The stones forming in the biliary system are divided into primary and secondary. The first type is formed in the bubble cavity for a long time due to changes in the structural composition of bile. NEUDA B. this case explicit symptomatics does not show.

Secondary stones occur with violations of the outflow of bile: in cholestasis, biliary hypertension, as a result of closing the ducts previously educated primary concrevents. Can be localized in the bubble, ducts. In addition, the stones are classified by the following types:

Lime. Appeal with inflammatory phenomena, affecting the walls of the gallbladder. As a kernel this type Conductors are cholesterol crystals, pathogenic bacteria or scales of a broken epithelium.
Cholesterol. Represented by rounded homogeneous structures reaching 1.8 cm in diameter. There are due to disorders of metabolic reactions and are found in the bubble cavity in people suffering from obesity.
Bilirubinovye, or pigment. Like the previous view, they have noncommunicable nature. They are formed as a result of changes in blood proteins or in the presence of congenital pathologies that ensure the acceleration of the destruction of the erythrocytes. These accretions are localized in the bubble cavity, flows and are characterized by small dimensions.
Conditions of mixed composition. Food based on pigment or cholesterol stones due to the layering on the main core of calcinates. These processes occur against the background of the development of inflammatory phenomena.

The magnitude of the stones can vary in a wide range - from 2 - 3 mm to 4 - 5 cm, the consistency is from waxy to solid, the configuration is from spherical to the figures of the wrong shape. Weight of one concrete - from 0.5 g to 80 g

Treatment of stones in the bustling bubble without surgery

Conservative techniques are effective when identifying initial stages of illness, in the presence of stony formations of a small value (with a diameter of less than 1 cm). Such methods exclude the need for surgery, and make it possible to preserve the ducts and the organ itself.

What to do when the stones are found in the gallbladder? Eliminate the concrections is possible through drug therapy, ultrasound destruction of nuclei by stones or methods of alternative medicine. However, any selected treatment method should be carried out under strict medical control.

Dissolving stones in the gallbladder

To dissolve the formed concrections, oral litholithic therapy is used, which provides for the introduction of medicines created on the basis of minoroxychole and ursodoxicole acids. Such drugs contribute to the change in the structural composition of bile: a decrease in cholesterol indicators and an increase in bile acid levels. Medicase treatment is recommended under the following conditions:

Preserving the normal reduction of the gallbladder in combination with good patency of biliary tract.
The predominance of cholesterol counters.
The magnitude of the stones does not exceed 1.5 cm, provided that they are filling only half the volume of the bubble cavity.
The possibility of receiving drugs throughout long period.

The duration of therapy is from six months to 2 years. Treatment must be accompanied by a refusal to use drugs that contribute to stone formation (antacids, cholestyramine, estrogens). The method is contraindicated with people having diseases of digestive and urinary systems. The efficiency of eliminating stones in this method is 45 - 78%, the probability of recurrences in this case reaches 72%.

Crushing stones in a gallbladder

Mechanical destruction of the concrections is carried out by means of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy. It is often used before the appointment of drug dissolution of rocky formations. The principle of the method is based on the use of an ultrasonic wave, under the action of which the accretions disintegrate on the stones of the shallow fraction. With the same purpose, a laser can be used. Indications for the procedure:

No blockage of bile ducts.
The diameter of the concreshrants is less than 3 cm.
The presence of cholesterol stones without an impurity of calcinates (up to 5 pieces).

Crushing is produced in several stages: depending on the number and size of the concrections, 1 to 7 sessions are required, after which the removal of crushed stones occurs natural way Through the biliary system. The procedure is prohibited to conduct patients with blood clotting disorders and people suffering from chronic diseases of the digestive tract. This is due to the risk of clogging of ducts and possible damage to the integrity of the walls of the main organ of the biliary system, which may cause inflammatory phenomena and formation of adhesions.

Folk remedies for the removal of gallbladder stones

Application recipes folk Medicine Requires compulsory medical advice and is carried out only after detection of the size of the concrections, their number and location with the help of ultrasound or X-ray examination. The following means are well deserved:

Cabbage juice quashen. It is consumed three times a day for 2 months. One-time dose of drink - 100 - 180 ml for taking.
Rowan fruits. You should eat 250 - 300 g of fresh berries every day. The product can be used in combination with honey, bread, sugar. The duration of treatment is 1.5 months.
Infusion of brusal leaves. 1 tbsp. l. Leaves brew 180 - 200 ml of boiling water, withstand half an hour and filtered. A decoction is used to 5 times a day at a dose of 2 tbsp. l. For reception.
Olive oil. It is accepted inside an empty stomach of 0.5 h. Gradually, a single dosage should be increased to 100 ml. Course duration - 3 weeks.
Beet syrup. Fresh vegetables (3 - 5 pieces) are cleaned from the peel and boil the long time before the formation of the syrup. The resulting liquid is used three times a day at 70 - 100 ml.
Brigade of birch leaves. 1 tbsp. l. The dried vegetable raw material is poured 200 ml of boiling water and 20 minutes of tomatin on moderate fire. The resulting extractor is covered and insisted for 1 hour, then it is filtered through a gauze cut. The tool is taken on an empty stomach in a dose of 200 ml.

A prerequisite for the use of non-traditional medicine is the absence of allergic reactions to components included in the recipes. When the course of treatment passes, you need to pay attention to the well-being. In case of deterioration of the state, the reception of the medicine should be discontinued.

Surgical treatment of gallstone disease

Treatment with surgical methods is recommended for the detection of large stones, frequent negligence recurrences, accompanied by an increase in body temperature, intense manifestations of pain syndrome, the occurrence of various complications. The operation is carried out by a laparoscopic or open method.

The removal of the gallbladder entails the emergence various diseases The digestive system, which is associated with the deterioration of food digestion. Therefore, the operational methods are resorted in cases where conservative treatment turned out to be non-responding. Options for surgical treatment:

Classical cholecystectomy - Removing a bubble with concretions by means of a strip operation. The main disadvantages of the methodology are injury to the large portion of healthy tissue when creating a cut (the length is from 15 to 20 cm) and the high risk of developing complications of various severity.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy - removal of the organ using a specialized laparoscope apparatus produced through small cuts (about 1 - 1.5 cm long). This method is considered gentle, since it allows to prevent the formation of noticeable scars and significantly reduce the rehabilitation period.
Laparoscopic cholecystolitomy is organ-bearing surgical manipulation, providing for the extraction of formed stones.

Operational treatment requires the patient's advance preparation: putting appropriate analyzes, consideration of possible risks, assessing the expected results to minimize possible complications. In the case of deviations of analyzes from normal indicators, pre-treatment requires an improvement in the overall state.

Diet and proper nutrition with stones in the bustling bubble

The food diet in the case of gallstone disease is fundamental. In this case, fractional food is recommended, which provides for food intake at least 5 times a day, which stimulates the outflow of the grid produced and warns its stress.

The food used should contain the necessary organism the number of animals of proteins, vegetable fats, vital microelements (primarily magnesium). The favorable effect on the biliary system is provided by products:

Vegetables: Carrots, Cabbage Color, Pumpkin, Zucchini.
Meat and fish of low-fat varieties: beef, rabbit, veal, chicken, river fish.
Dairy products with low fatty indicators: milk, cottage cheese products, cheese, butter creamy (as an additive to porridge).
Cereals: buckwheat, oat, rice, millet, manna.
Fruits and dried fruits: watermelon, apples, grapes, prunes.
Juices, fruit, compotes: quince, pomegranate, cherry, ink.
Chicken eggs (for portability).

In the diet should not include fatty products and sub-products (meat, fish), canned food, sharp, acidic, salted, fried dishes, baking from a dough, caffery-containing and alcoholic beverages. If there are stones, it should be hard to limit either eliminate vegetables with high content from diet essential oils (turnip, garlic, radishes, onions, radish) and oxalic acid (spinach, sorrel).

Possible complications for grooming disease

The absence of timely diagnosis and the appropriate treatment of gallstone disease may cause the development of various complications (including heavy Diseases And their transition to chronic form):

Flegmon wall bubble.
Cholecystitis.
Pancreatitis (biliary form).
Dropsy.
Cholangitis.
Empire of the gallbladder and, as a result, his gangrene.
Intestinal obstruction.
Oncological diseases of the organs of the biliary system.
Bubble perforation.
The formation of bile fistulas.
The emergence of myrzzi syndrome.
Bubble wall gap with subsequent development of peritonitis.
Toxic hepatitis.

In the event of a certain complication, the appointment of appropriate treatment is required, which is carried out in parallel with the treatment of gall-eyed disease. In severe cases, in the absence of adequate therapy, the fatal outcome is not excluded.

Prevention of rock formation in the gallbladder

The simplest I. effective way Preventing the formation of concrections is observance of preventive measures. The main measures in this case are the maintenance healthy image Life and compilation of the optimal diet. In addition, a cub is useful, which is possible at home.

To prevent the recurrence of the disease (re-formation of stones), it is recommended for a long period (up to 1 year) to continue oral litholithic therapy. In addition, the following measures are effective:

Failure to food characterized by high cholesterol, animal fats, or a rigid restriction of the use of such products.
With obesity, it is recommended a gradual decline in body weight to optimal parameters, which is possible by compliance with low-calorie diet and regular sports.
Avoiding long starvation periods.
Termination of a series of drugs that promote stone formation processes (if any).
The appointment of drugs (Libil, Zisorin), which reduce the production of cholesterol with the body and stimulates the synthesis of bile acids.

Fractional food involving small portions every 3 to 4 hours, as well as daily use of vegetable fats (about 2 hours l. vegetable oil per day) significantly reduces the likelihood of stones in the biliary system and the development of concomitant diseases.