The development of manual motor skills in preschool age. The use of finger gymnastics as a means of developing fine motor skills of hands in children of primary preschool age. Outdoor games
Marochkina Olga Anatolievna
Position: educator
Educational institution: MBDOU "Kaleidoscope" №59
Locality: MO Khimki
Material name: Advice for parents
Topic:"Unconventional methods of development fine motor skills in children up to school age"
Publication date: 07.02.2018
Chapter: preschool education
MO Khimki MBDOU "Kaleidoscope" No. 59
Advice for parents: "Unconventional methods
development of fine motor skills in children preschool age»
Prepared by the teacher: Marochkina O.A.
February 2018
non-traditional
methods
development
shallow
motility
preschool children.
Introduction
1. Equipping the subject-developing space for the development of fine motor skills
hands in preschool children
2. Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills of the hands.
3. Little-known non-traditional methods for developing fine motor skills of the hands
Conclusion
Non-traditional methods for the development of fine motor skills in children
preschool age.
With the introduction of the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES)
education in a preschool educational institution is not considered as a preliminary stage before studying in
school, but as an independent important period in the life of a child, as an important milestone in
ways of continuous education in human life.
The problem of development of fine motor skills in children of primary preschool age
reflected in the "Federal State Standard of Preschool Education".
Presented in targets at the stage of completion of preschool education
“The child has developed fine motor skills” The problem of developing manual skill and fine
Hand motor skills are also important for the personal development of the child himself. Owning a hand
the child in the process of his development becomes more independent, autonomous
and independent of an adult, which contributes to the formation of his initiative in various
types of children's activities.
New educational programs for preschool educational institutions are aimed primarily at
comprehensive development of the child on the basis of special, specific activities,
inherent in preschoolers. That is, in practice we got a more playful and
versatile approach that welcomes maximum exploitation
innovative and active methods of pedagogical interaction, more
individualized and aimed at revealing one's own potential
every child. Dictating pedagogy is finally completely obsolete and will replace it
a more modern pedagogy of development, a pedagogy of creativity and freedom.
implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard.
Fine (fine) motor skills of the hands is the ability to perform precise
coordinated actions of fingers and hands. Fine motor skills
necessary not only in everyday life, they have a great influence on the learning process
child. That is why when diagnosing readiness for school great attention
pay attention to how fine motor skills of preschoolers are developed.
In everyday life, we every minute have to perform fine motor skills:
fasten buttons, tie shoelaces, hold cutlery. Skills
fine motor skills are important when teaching writing and drawing: from the degree of development of these
skills will, in particular, depend on the person's handwriting. In addition, the development of small
motor skills are closely related to the development of speech, since the areas of the cerebral cortex,
responsible for these functions are located very close to each other.
It is at preschool age that the development of fine motor skills should be paid
special attention: by the time the child goes to school, his motor
skills must be developed at a sufficient level, otherwise schooling will be
be difficult for him.
Working with children of preschool age, I encounter such problems of children,
as poor development of the hand, poor memorization of color, shape, impaired
motor skills of the hands, in such children the slowness of performing movements prevails,
stiffness is observed. The child becomes naughty when performing tasks,
his mood worsens.
Realizing the importance of this problem, I set a goal for myself: to develop a small
motor skills and coordination of hand movements in preschool children through
various activities through didactic games and toys. In a group
the necessary subject-developing environment has been created, games and manuals have been purchased
for the development of fine motor skills, many are made by hand.
Target:
The development of fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements in preschool children
age through various activities, improving conditions for
development of fine motor skills of the fingers of preschool children.
Tasks:
Improve coordination and accuracy of hand and eye movements, hand flexibility, rhythm;
Improve fine motor skills of fingers, hands;
Improve overall physical activity;
Contribute to the normalization of speech function;
Develop imagination, logical thinking, voluntary attention, visual
and auditory perception, creative activity;
Create an emotionally comfortable environment in communication with peers and
adults.
Relevance.
At the initial stage of life, it is fine motor skills that reflect how
child, testifies to his intellectual abilities. Children with bad
with developed manual motor skills, they awkwardly hold a spoon, a pencil, cannot fasten
buttons, lace up shoes. It can be difficult for them to collect scattered parts
constructor, work with puzzles, counting sticks, mosaics. They refuse
from modeling and applications loved by other children, do not keep up with the guys on
classes.
Thus, the possibilities of mastering the world by children are impoverished. Children
often feel inadequate in the elementary actions available
peers. This affects the emotional well-being of the child, his self-esteem.
Over time, the level of development creates school difficulties.
And, of course, at preschool age, work on the development of fine motor skills and
coordination of hand movements should be an important part of the development of children's speech,
formation of self-service skills and preparation for writing. From how much
the child will deftly learn to control his fingers, depends on his further
development. Along with the development of fine motor skills, memory, attention, and
also vocabulary.
Equipment
subject
developing
space
development of fine motor skills of hands in preschool children
Our group is equipped with a subject-developing environment for
the development of fine motor skills of the hands is:
An art activity corner where children can independently sculpt, draw, develop
creativity, imagination, independence and fine motor skills of hands.
Lacing toys
The simplest laces are designed for children aged one to three years. IN
game form the development of fine motor skills of the hands is carried out, and, consequently,
step-by-step preparation of the child for writing. Lacing allows you to invent
many games. This is both lacing itself and the ability to use
elements of "lacing" in role-playing games or learning primary colors. Games-
laces are designed to develop fine motor skills of hands, perseverance and eye.
During the game, coordination of movements and flexibility of the hands are improved.
cubes; various wooden pyramids; constructor - develop fine motor skills,
contribute to the design, which develops finger dexterity and the ability to
navigate in space; jigsaw puzzles - collecting colorful pictures, kid
develops not only fine motor skills, but also attentiveness, ingenuity,
logical thinking, coordination of the work of the eyes and hands; cubes - sorters -
the child learns to select figures in the form and insert them into the appropriate
holes. Thanks to such activities, the baby develops fine motor skills of the fingers.
hands, and also gets acquainted with various geometric shapes and various
flowers; mosaic - promotes the development of fine motor skills, intelligence and
creative abilities of the child; beans and peas fine motor skills of hands.
In educational activities for the development of fine motor skills, I use:
Plasticine, with the help of plasticine, the child expresses himself not only creatively,
but also develops the flexibility and mobility of their fingers, which, in turn,
contributes to the improvement of speech;
Bean drawing. On a piece of cardboard, the child draws a simple picture,
for example, a human. After that, he applies glue on the lines from the pencil and sticks
beans. Working with small objects such as beans trains the muscles of the hand and
Mosaic - I prepare thin strips of colored paper in advance. The child tears them with his hands
into small pieces and lays out a mosaic of them, after lubricating them with glue.
This exercise is especially suitable for children who do not yet know how to
use scissors.
Colored semolina
Have the child draw a simple outline drawing on a piece of paper and smudge it.
glue. After that, grabbing the croup with your fingers, fill in the drawing with it. Will give glue
dry up. At the end, you need to shake off the excess grits from the picture.
Modeling from clay and plasticine.
Drawing or coloring pictures
Making paper crafts. For example, cutting yourself with scissors
geometric shapes, drawing up patterns, making applications. The child needs
know how to use scissors and glue.
Making crafts from natural materials: cones, acorns, straw and others
available materials. In addition to developing fine motor skills of the hands, these activities develop
also the imagination, the fantasy of the child.
Unconventional Techniques drawing: brush, finger, toothbrush, candle, etc.
In our free time, in the evenings we play with children in:
Seed sorting (you need to sort different types of seeds using
tweezers); transfusion of liquids and not only (it is better to start with "transfusion"
seeds, such as peas. After that, you can learn to "pour" the sand, and only
then water) fastening and unbuttoning buttons, buttons, hooks (good
training for fingers, dexterity is improved and fine
hand motility); tying and untying ribbons, laces, knots on a rope
(each such movement has a huge impact on the development of fine motor skills
child's hands) twisting and unscrewing the lids of jars, vials, etc. (also
improves the development of fine motor skills and dexterity of the child's fingers); favorite game
my kids "Dry Pool". Child dipping his hand into colorful containers
from chocolate eggs and by touch looking for a toy hidden there by me. Found
The toy brings great joy to the child. Use of this benefit
multifunctional, it is both a mosaic and objects - deputies in the game.
For example, chocolate egg containers make good rattles in
Montessori style - pedagogy. To do this, you need to take an even number of identical
kinder - boxes, fill them in pairs with different bulk products of different
caliber: semolina, rice, peas, beans, large nuts (hazelnuts) or
chestnuts. The task of the child is to find two containers with the same sound.
You need to start working on the development of fine motor skills from the very early age.
Take a bright tray. In a thin, even layer, scatter any
small cereal. Run your child's finger over the rump. Get a bright contrast
An important work in the development of manual skill is finger games, they
emotional, understandable, accessible and very captivating for children.
These games contribute to the development of speech, creative activity and strengthening
health.
I created a cumulative folder of finger games, trying to pick up exercises,
relying on the advanced planning educational activities,
seasonality and with a wide variety of finger movements. I spend
finger gymnastics not only in educational activities, but also in regime
moments while walking.
For example, the well-known game for kids "Magpie-crow cooked porridge."
an example of massaging the palms of a child. It is the "Magpie-Crow" with its circular
movements in the palm of the hand affects digestion, and gentle pressure on
fingertips stimulate the development of speech. It is also interesting that much attention
is given to the little finger, and this is also not without reason. The little finger is supposed to be massaged
more carefully than others, since it is believed that points are located on the little finger,
responsible for the heart, liver and kidneys. Finger and palm games
are accompanied by verses, have a positive effect on the development of speech, the development of rhythm in
child. It is important to play all games both on the right hand and on the left.
For children, such games remain good fun. During the game, children easily memorized
movements and poetry.
And, of course, the game Rock, Paper, Scissors, which came to us from China. Children with
four years old perfectly understand the rules of the game and play it with pleasure.
It is worth noting that this game is the most favorite for many children.
Words: rock, scissors, paper. Tsu-e-fa.
On the last words, a palm is thrown out, which shows a certain sign.
Rock will dull scissors, scissors will cut paper, and paper will wrap rock.
Demonstrate to the child how this happens so that he does not get confused.
2. Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills of the hands.
I have created games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills of hands, which are very
popular in our group and children with great pleasure play them.
Game "Tactile bag"
I prepared the same caps, their number should be even. Can be taken
caps from juice boxes or plastic bottles, drinking yogurt.
As a tactile material, I used sandpaper, carpet, fabric with
different textures (velveteen, denim, tapestry, fur, knitted fabric, leather, mesh
from mosquitoes, etc. According to the size of the covers, I cut out two circles of each material and
put the circles in the lids smeared with glue. I sewed a beautiful bag from
dense fabric.
Rules of the game: put several pairs of caps in the bag (you can start with two
steam, gradually increasing their number).
The child recognizes by touch what is pasted in the lid, and pulls it out in the same way
glued lids.
Pipette exercise
For this exercise, you will need a pipette and small containers for pouring.
liquids. Suction with a pipette of water. Develops fine finger movements
improves the general motor skills of the hands.
Exercise with tweezers
Children put beads, peas, buttons into the container with tweezers.
Sorting small items
Sort by color, shape, size of small items, such as beads, buttons.
Pompoms and tongs
It is required to fold the pom-poms into a bottle with tongs.
Doll clothes on clothespins
Hanging doll clothes and scraps of fabric on a string using
Clothespins are also a great exercise for developing fine motor skills. The
This type of activity is popular not only among girls, but also among boys.
Box with clothespins
Clothespins can be attached not only to a string, but also to a cardboard box. For these
purposes I used a shoe box. To make this exercise more
interesting and useful I cut out of cardboard geometric figures and to them
hook on clothespins.
Hole Punch Exercise
You need to cut out some figure from cardboard, and then make a hole punch
holes along the edge of this figurine. Now you need to take a colored lace or ribbon and
pass it through the holes.
Cocktail tubes
Cut into small pieces multi-colored plastic tubes for a cocktail.
The exercise consists in stringing these pieces on a string in a certain
sequences.
Dear colleagues, I introduced you to the most famous forms and methods
work on the development of fine motor skills of hands in preschool children. But for
In my work, I have identified a few more non-traditional and little-known methods, about
which I will now tell you.
Little known
unconventional
methods
development
shallow
hand motility
Non-traditional methods for developing fine motor skills of the hands include: massage with
using a Su-jok ball, Kuznetsov applicator or Lyapko needle mats
(Acupuncture, button therapy.
Non-traditional material provides ample opportunities for training
small muscles of the hand in various activities of a playful nature.
Between continuous educational activities, I spend dynamic pauses
with massager "Su-Jok".
Massager “Su-Jok” is a unique tactile gymnastics that provides
total impact on the cerebral cortex, which protects its individual zones
from overwork, evenly distributing the load on the brain. Game self-massage with
massager is carried out in the form of 5-minute exercises between the main parts
classes (dynamic pauses).
Exercises to relax the fingers and hands:
“Let's pet a kitten” - smooth movements illustrating the corresponding
action is performed first with one hand, then with the other. (3-5 times).
"Bunny" - and. p .: the hand rests on the elbow; straighten and spread apart
index and middle fingers, the remaining fingers are clenched into a fist.
"Ring" - and. n. the same; thumb and forefinger are connected in a ring,
the rest of the fingers are straightened and spread apart.
Approximate exercises using the Su-Jok massager:
Rectilinear movements of the prickly ball:
- On the back and palmar side of the hand (first ask the child
depict the sun, spreading the fingers of the massaging hand). Direction of travel
- from the fingertips to the wrist joint.
Circular movements on the palm:
- First with one hand;
Then the other hand.
Spiral movements:
- On the back and palmar surfaces of the hand with the pads of two to five fingers
(From fingertips to wrist).
Zigzag movements:
- On the palms of both hands (you can use the game image in communicating with children:
draw the child's attention to the fact that the hand resembles a tree: the forearm is
the trunk, and the hand with spread fingers is the crown).
Weak tingling of all fingers:
– Pads of one hand;
- Pads of the other hand
Acupuncture
The term "Acupuncture" literally means treatment with needles. Acupuncture with
I spend children with the help of the Kuznetsov applicator - a needle-shaped medical
preventive massager, which is designed as a prefabricated structure,
the simplest element of which is a module, which is
plastic plate with a working needle surface.
Needle massage technique: in a playful way, I suggest that the child put his hands on
applicator. Moreover, such a game should contain tasks in which the child
touches the needle massager in different ways: either with a full palm, or with one finger,
sometimes barely, sometimes with considerable effort.
You can also diversify this activity:
Offer to walk along the path;
Look for individual modules in a dry pool, in sand, water containers,
Use as chips in board games, tokens in competitions;
Consolidate knowledge of color, counting, prepositional-case constructions, divide words neither
syllables and sounds, laying out diagrams on the table from the massager modules, playing checkers.
Button therapy.
Any teacher knows that in order to win the trust of a child, you need to have something
hidden and inaccessible to him in ordinary life. And such an object in our
group became an ordinary button.
A wide variety of buttons allows us to use them for corrective and
educational games to introduce and reinforce concepts such as color, shape,
value. Practicing with buttons, the child develops coordination of movements,
achieving precise execution; develops perseverance and arbitrariness of mental
processes, develops auditory, visual and kinesthetic channels of perception,
as the exercises are performed in the mode: heard, saw, do.
Button therapy is easy to use, button manipulation does not form
dust, do not cause allergies, do not get dirty, they cannot be cut or pricked.
Buttons are easy to clean, handled like all plastic toys in a nursery
institution, and you can’t look for assistants for washing buttons for a long time, don’t beg
have to.
Here are some examples of button games.
Raising buttons.
With two fingers different hands transfer the buttons from the box to the table, with
this process should involve all pairs of fingers of the same name of both hands (according to
queues).
Complication: combine in pairs different fingers of both hands, for example, a pair -
forefinger right hand and little finger of the left hand. Time game: who is behind
a certain time will collect more buttons?
Grow, finger!
With your thumb, move the button along the phalanx of the finger from the nail to the palm and back,
making each finger "grow".
Complication: performing the exercise with both hands at the same time.
Who quickly?
Place the button on the child's index finger. The task of his friend will be
to transfer a button to your finger without the use of others. Loses
the person who dropped the item. If there are enough children, you can divide them into
teams and organize competitions.
Pass the button.
Pass the button from hand to hand in a circle.
Complication: change the way the button is passed.
Pick a button.
Match the button in size and color to the corresponding place in the picture -
Cryotherapy.
Cryotherapy literally means cold treatment. But in our case, positive
the effect is given not so much by cold as by the contrast of temperatures, that is, the effect on
hands of cold and heat alternately, contrast therapy.
Cold causes muscle contraction, and heat causes relaxation. Normalized
muscle tone, the contractility of the small muscles of the hand increases. All this
contributes to the improvement of more subtle movements of the hand, leads to
performing clear differentiated movements, respectively, develops
motor area of the cerebral cortex and, as a result, improves the development process
speech. Cryotherapy does not require special equipment. Required
pieces of ice that are prepared in advance. Carrying out cryotherapy with children has its own
contraindications and their methodology.
Contraindications.
You can not carry out cryotherapy for children with episyndrome;
Carefully use cryotherapy with long-term and frequently ill children.
Cryotherapy is carried out in three stages.
1. Cryocontrast. Children take pieces of ice from a bowl and sort through them for 10-15 seconds.
Then they warm up their hands, this is done in a basin with warm water or on plastic
hot water bottles. Dip your hands in the ice again. Cryocontrast spend three
times. Then dry your hands with a towel.
This work can be diversified by adding aroma oil and color to the ice.
2. Finger gymnastics (mainly for muscle stretching).
3. Development of tactile sensitivity:
Hand massage with cones, Su-Jok balls, brushes, stroking objects
different invoices.
Methods for the development of fine motor skills - cryotherapy, acupuncture and button therapy
allowed to achieve certain results:
Children learn more easily and independently perform complex finger movements.
exercises and their combinations;
In children, the development of visual and graphic skills is easier;
Attention and memory develop, which are closely related to speech development;
Children's interest in classes with a speech therapist and psychologist is increasing.
In addition, both of these methods initially have a medical focus. And this
means that the positive effect of their use is confirmed not only in
the process of pedagogical observation, but also in the process of various medical
research.
I presented to your attention a very small part of the games that I use in
his work.
I am working on improving sensory perception and developing a hand on
walk. These are, of course, games with sand and snow. The kids like to draw
with a stick in the sand, but also to put prints with your palms, depicting flowers or
butterflies. Draw animal tracks, roads, the world he sees
child with his own eyes. It is varied, interesting and instructive.
Conclusion
Thus, developing fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements in children
preschool age through various activities, improving the conditions
for the development of fine motor skills of the fingers of preschool children, I achieved
the following results: improved coordination and accuracy of hand and eye movements,
hand flexibility, rhythm; fine motor skills of fingers, hands; improved
development of imagination, logical thinking, voluntary attention, visual
and auditory perception, creative activity; created emotionally comfortable
interactions with peers and adults.
Municipal state preschool educational institution " Kindergarten No. 2 "Soligalichsky municipal district of the Kostroma region
ESSAY
The development of fine motor skills of hands in preschool children
Filippova Elena Alekseevna, teacher of MKDOU "Kindergarten No. 2", 2013
Content
Introduction…………………………………………………….. 3
Theoretical.
Fine motor skills and its importance in human life.. 5
The role of the development of fine motor skills in the process
preparation for school………………………… 6
2. The content of the work on the development of fine motor skills in
kindergarten
2.1. Self-massage of the hand and fingers………………… 7
2.1.1. Su-jok massagers…………………………… 8
2.1.2. Children's play massage with musical
escort (E. and S. Zheleznov)……………… 9
2.1.3. Self-massage of the child's hands and fingers with the help of
improvised materials……………………………… 10
2.2. Finger games for the development of fine motor skills ... 11
2.3. Development of fine motor skills in everyday life…………………… 12
2.4. Finger theater for the development of fine motor skills
in children…………………………………………………… 15
2.5. Development of fine motor skills through drawing,
modeling, as well as non-traditional types of fine art
activities…………………………………………… 15
2.6. Graphic exercises for the development of small
motor skills………………………………………………… 17
Conclusion…………………………………………………… 19
List of used literature………………………… 20
INTRODUCTION
The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that the development of motor skills in preschool children allows you to form the coordination of finger movements, develop speech activity and prepare the child for school.
The higher the motor activity of the child, the better his speech develops. The relationship between general and speech motility has been studied and confirmed by the studies of many leading scientists, such as I.P. Pavlov, M.M. Koltsova, E. Isenina. When a child masters motor skills and abilities, coordination of movements develops. The formation of movements occurs with the participation of speech.
The development of subtle movements of the fingers is especially closely connected with the formation of speech. Why does a person who cannot find the right word to explain often help himself with gestures? And vice versa: why does a child who concentrates on writing and drawing help himself by involuntarily sticking out his tongue?
The well-known researcher of children's speech M.M. Koltsova writes: “Historically, in the course of the development of mankind, the movement of the fingers turned out to be closely related to the speech function.
Gestures were the first form of communication of primitive people, the role of the hand was especially great here. The development of the functions of the hand and speech in humans proceeded in parallel. Approximately the same course of development of the speech of the child. First, subtle movements of the fingers develop, then the articulation of syllables appears, all subsequent improvement of speech reactions is directly dependent on the degree of training of finger movements. Thus, “there is every reason to consider the hand as an organ of speech - the same as the articulatory apparatus. From this point of view, the projection of the hand is another speech area of the brain.
Speech is improved under the influence of impulses from the hands, more precisely from the fingers. Usually a child with a high level of development of fine motor skills is able to reason logically, he has sufficiently developed memory, attention, coherent speech. A developed brain and an undeveloped hand - quite natural, with modern image life, phenomenon. But this should not plunge teachers and parents into a panic: the weak hand of a preschooler can and should be developed. During the exercises, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of each child, his age, mood, desire and capabilities.
The main thing is that these classes bring only positive emotions to children. The first failures will cause disappointment, and even irritation. Care must be taken to ensure that the child's activity is successful - this will reinforce his interest in games and activities.
Skillful fingers do not become immediately. The main thing is to remember the golden rule: games and exercises, finger warm-ups should be carried out systematically.
1.1 Fine motor skills and its importance in human life.
Fine motor skills are a set of coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems, often in combination with the visual system in performing small and precise movements of the hands and fingers and toes. When applied to the motor skills of the hand and fingers, the term dexterity is often used.
The area of fine motor skills includes a wide variety of movements: from primitive gestures, such as grasping objects, to very small movements, on which, for example, human handwriting depends.
Scientists have proven that from an anatomical point of view, about a third of the entire area of the motor projection of the cerebral cortex is occupied by the projection of the hand, located very close to the speech zone. Therefore, the development of a child's speech is inextricably linked with the development of fine motor skills.
The well-known teacher V.A. Sukhomlinsky believed that "the mind of a child is at the tips of his fingers."
Physiologist I.P. Pavlov wrote: "Hands teach the head, then the wiser head teaches the hands, and skillful hands again contribute to the development of the brain."
Organized hand actions are formed in a child gradually during the first six months of his life. Fingers, clenched into a fist, straighten. Begin to perform special movements of grabbing objects. The hand begins to act as a specific human organ.
The development of fine motor skills is important in several aspects that have determined the existing areas of scientific research:
- in connection with the development of cognitive abilities;
- in connection with the development of speech;
- development of own hand movements for the implementation of subject and instrumental actions, including writing.
The development of cognitive abilities in connection with the development of hand movements proceeds especially actively in infancy and early childhood due to the fact that the movements of the hand examining various objects are a condition for the child's knowledge of the objective world. “Direct practical contact with objects, actions with them lead to the discovery of more and more new properties of objects and relationships between them” (D.B. Elkonin).
The development of speech is closely related to the development of fine motor skills. If you carefully look at the picture of the brain, it becomes clear that the motor speech area is located next to the motor area, being part of it. About a third of the entire area of the motor projection is occupied by the projection of the hand, located close to the speech zone. The training of fine finger movements has a great influence on
development of active speech of the child. Conducted by M.M. Koltsova, L.F. Fomina, studies and observations have shown that the degree of development of finger movements coincides with the degree of development of speech in children. To determine the level of speech development with children of the first years of life, they conducted the following experiment: they asked the child to show one finger, two, three (“do it like this,” they showed how to do it). Children who can repeat isolated finger movements speak well. And, conversely, in poorly speaking children, the fingers are either tense and bend only all together, or, on the contrary, they are sluggish, wadded and do not make separate movements. Thus, until the movements of the fingers become free, it is not possible to achieve the development of speech in children.
In everyday life, every minute a person needs to perform some actions of fine motor skills: fastening buttons, manipulating small objects, writing, drawing, etc., therefore, his quality of life directly depends on its development.
1.2 The role of the development of fine motor skills in the process of preparing for schooling.
Full-fledged speech is an indispensable condition for the successful education of a child in school. Many articles have been written about the need for targeted work on the development of fine motor skills, a lot has been done and it has been proven that the development of the functional capabilities of the hands has a positive effect on the formation of children's speech, and on their intellectual development. The development of finger movements, as it were, prepares the ground for the subsequent formation of a full-fledged speech. The child will learn to understand the meaning of what he heard and to catch the rhythm of speech, coordination, as well as cause and effect relationships. In the process of training individual components of manual motor skills (tone, strength, accuracy of movements), children improve the skills of controlling and planning a holistic action.
In addition, the development of fine motor skills is an important indicator of a child's readiness for schooling and plays important role in learning learning skills. The ability to make precise movements with the hand and fingers is simply necessary for mastering the letter. As N.A. wrote Bernstein: "Writing is the most complex psychomotor skill, the successful development of which relies on the coordinated interaction of all levels of organization of movements that have already reached the necessary development by the beginning of primary school age." Often, first-graders are not able to draw sufficiently clear and straight lines when drawing samples of geometric shapes, drawing block letters(the so-called “trembling line”), do not know how to accurately cut paper figures along the contour, many children have poor coordination of movements when running, jumping, general motor awkwardness and clumsiness. Even ok developing child hand massage in the pre-speech period will not interfere, and finger games accompanied by poetry will not only develop fine motor skills and speech, but also the ability to listen. Therefore, when preparing a child for school, it is more important not to teach him to write, but to create conditions for the development of small muscles of the hands.
All these exercises bring three benefits to the child:
- firstly, the hands acquire good mobility, flexibility, the stiffness of the movements of the hand disappears, prepare for mastering the letter;
- secondly, they form his artistic taste, which is useful at any age;
- thirdly, it has been proven that the development of hands is associated with the development of speech and thinking of the child.
Therefore, in kindergarten, special attention is paid to the development of fine motor skills. Usually, children of the preparatory group for school, who are preparing to master the most difficult skill - the skill of writing, experience an urgent need for this.
But work on the development of fine motor skills should be carried out starting from the younger preschool age. When performing many exercises, all children initially experience difficulties. But when classes are held regularly, a variety of techniques are used, this becomes a powerful means of increasing the efficiency of the cerebral cortex, stimulating the development of the child's thinking.
All games for the development of fine motor skills are a set of exercises, which include: self-massage of the hand and fingers, exercises to relax the hand and fingers, tasks to hold the posture of the hand.
All exercises are carried out in the form of a game. Their complexity should be selected depending on the level of development of fine motor skills of the child's hands. It is necessary and useful to use games and exercises for training fingers in combination with the speech of children. Effective exercises for fine motor skills in combination with nursery rhymes. They are also very convenient to use as reminders for parents in the corners.
2. The content of the work on the development of fine motor skills.
2.1. Self-massage of the hand and fingers.
Game self-massage is recommended as a preliminary stage before active gymnastics for children with a low level of fine motor development. It is a means of increasing immunity, tk. Nerve endings are located on the palms. This is a unique tactile gymnastics, thanks to which a powerful stream of impulses from muscles and joints enters the child's brain, information enters speech, auditory, emotional and creative zones. Massage should not cause a child discomfort. You can tell the baby that "we will warm the hands." It is advisable to use the following techniques: stroking, light rubbing, vibration. Massage movements are performed in the direction from the fingertips to the wrist. In addition, massage promotes a rush of blood to the nerve endings, which has a positive effect on the brain.
The use of self-massage, accompanied by easy-to-remember verses and in combination with surprise game moments, allow you to use them as relaxing fun moments of relaxation. To future first grader skillfully handled a pen, pencil, felt-tip pen, brush, it is necessary to develop the movements of his fingers, striving to ensure that they are free, confident, coordinated. With the child, you should perform exercises aimed at strengthening the mobility of the fingers, developing strength, and coordinating movements. All these are the main components of mastering the letter.
According to the speech therapist G.N. Makoveeva, “Hand massage with the help of a Su-Jok ball, springs, clothespins, chestnuts, cones, walnuts, a hexagonal pencil not only has a beneficial effect on the entire body, increases immunity, but also helps to solve corrective tasks: activates the brain, innervation of speech-motor analyzers, promotes the development of speech, attention, memory and fine motor skills of the hands, which are so necessary for the successful preparation of children for school.
The benefits of massage are undeniable and repeatedly proven in practice. Self-massage can be carried out not only individually, but also in direct educational activities with the entire group of children at the same time, and also used repeatedly during the day, including it at various regime moments in a family and preschool institution.
Since concrete-figurative thinking prevails among preschoolers, poetic texts have been invented for many massages. Their content and rhythm are as close as possible to the nature of the movement itself, so that a specific image arises in the child. You should start with warming movements that make the muscles more supple, and the movements painless.
2.1.1.Use of Su-jok massagers.
Su-Jok acupuncture is the latest achievement of Oriental medicine. Each person can easily master the first stage of Su-Jok therapy and, without resorting to a doctor and medicines, help themselves and their loved ones. "Su" is the hand, "Jock" is the foot.
Recently, the general interest in non-traditional forms and means of working with children has increased significantly. Su-jok therapy, having high efficiency, safety and simplicity, is based on traditional acupuncture and is a fairly good system of self-healing. The use of su-jok massagers complete with metal rings helps to increase the physical and mental performance of children, creates a functional basis for a relatively quick transition to a higher level. motor activity muscles and the opportunity for optimal targeted work with the child. Here are a few options for working with su-jok massagers:
Children take turns putting on massage rings on each finger, pronouncing a poem finger gymnastics, first on the right, then on the left hand.
The child puts the massager between the palms, at the same time pronouncing a poem to automate the disturbed sound.
Children work according to the instructions of an adult. Put the ring on the little finger of your right hand, etc. The child closes his eyes, the adult puts a ring on any of his fingers. Children name which hand and which finger the ring is on.
Speech therapist of the highest qualification category G.N. Makoveeva developed complexes of game self-massage of hands with the help of Su-jok massagers.
2.1.2. Children's game massage with musical accompaniment.
(Sergei and Ekaterina Zheleznova).
Children really like poems and songs for play massage, they provide fun communication, relieve tension, teach kids to trust others and empathize. Game massage provides sensory development of younger and middle preschoolers. Children perceive the intonations of the voice, the content of the text, musical timbres and noises, the tempo and rhythms of music, etc. Thanks to massage, children begin to distinguish between parts of the body. In the group classes, children from 3-4 years old with great interest not only perform massage themselves, but also observe the massage of other children. During the massage, children perform a variety of movements with their fingers and hands, which develops large and fine motor skills well.
Play massage relieves stress in children. The blood supply to the skin improves, muscle tension decreases, breathing and heartbeat slow down. The child calms down and relaxes. Play massage has a positive effect on the central nervous system. Game massage contributes to the socialization of children, forms children's trust and attention to each other, develops patience and a sense of humor.
Play massage contributes to the development of children's imagination: a spider running on a tree and rain dripping on their backs, a ball jumping on the floor and a bear walking through the forest are equally bright, although they are presented differently to children conducting and “receiving” play massage.
Play massage also contributes to the development of speech. Kids quickly memorize poems and songs, and movements illustrating the text contribute to expressive performance.
Movements to the music should be performed rhythmically and avoiding strong pressure or patting. At first, it is better to massage using appropriate objects - a brush, a rubber hedgehog, a foam rubber sponge, a toy car, pieces of cotton wool, paper leaves, etc., as well as Stuffed Toys according to the lyrics.
2.1.3. Self-massage of the child's hands and fingers with the help of improvised materials.
With great enthusiasm, preschoolers perform motor exercises using non-traditional material, because the tasks turn into an entertaining game.
Self-massage of fingertips with toothbrushes. You can rub your fingers without poetic accompaniment, or you can use various poems on topics. For example "Mushrooms". For each line of poetry, the children rub the pads of one finger.
Right hand: Small mushrooms crawled out on a bump (little finger) (ring finger) - milk mushrooms and pigs (middle finger), mushrooms, volnushki (index finger). Even a small stump thumb).
Left hand: I could not hide my surprise (they rub their thumb). Honey mushrooms (index finger), slippery butterflies (middle finger) grew up. Pale grebes (ring finger) stood in a clearing (little finger).
Self-massage of palms with balls with fillers. You can massage each finger. The direction of massage movements is from the nail phalanx (pads) to the base of the finger.
Self-massage with a clothespin. (Check beforehand that the clothespin is not too tight). Children take a clothespin with three fingers, squeeze and unclench. Repeated squeezing and unclenching with the force of a clothespin gives an excellent workout to the fingertips of the right or left hand. Observing which hand the child works with is preferable, one can determine whether he is left-handed. The tendency to work with the left hand should not be corrected. The work of a child with both hands is welcome.
Alternately, we “bite” the nail phalanges (“pads”) from the index finger to the little finger and back to the stressed syllables of the poem:
Lariska has two radishes, Alyoshka has two potatoes,
And Vovka has two carrots, And Petka has two radishes.
Self-massage with walnuts.
“I roll a nut, I develop my hands” - we roll in a circular motion, we press each finger.
Roll between the palms, saying:
I roll my nut to make it rounder than everyone else.
I will learn to hold two nuts between my fingers.
This will help me write even letters at school.
Self-massage with a pencil. Roll the pencil between the palms, massaging them. Such a massage relieves tension, the edges of the pencil activate the nerve endings. “I roll the pencil in my hands, I twist it between my fingers. I will certainly teach each finger to be obedient.
Self-massage with ordinary paper. Such a massage will allow developing not only fine motor skills of the hands, but the thinking and imagination of children, coordinating speech with movement, fixing the concepts of "right - left" hand.
(We take thick paper from the table and wrinkle it with both hands, as if we are making a snowball).
Self-massage with peas to activate speech and thinking, develop fine motor skills of the fingers and increase the immunity of children.
“I took peas to lay out the path. So that a bunny or a cat runs along it.
“Finger, finger, my good one, you press peas to the table, twist and roll and pass it to another.” (We pour peas into a plate. The child takes a pea with his fingers and holds it in his fist, as when picking berries. Then he takes the next one, then another and another, and so he picks up a whole handful. You can do it with both hands).
Self-massage of hands to activate speech and thinking, develop fine motor skills and increase immunity using the "Grass" mat.
Self-massage with spruce and pine cones. Rolling between the palms, clenching in a fist.
These game exercises are not only used to develop fine motor skills, they also develop children's ideas about the capabilities of their body, improve memory, attention, eliminate mental tension, restore a cheerful mood, and have a beneficial effect on the brain and nervous system. Exercises are very exciting, emotional. They can be carried out in any class, in your free time. Individually, with a subgroup or with the whole group of children. It can be recommended to parents for classes with children at home.
2.2. Finger games and exercises.
Finger games are a very important part of the development of fine motor skills. These games are very emotional, exciting, captivate the child with their improvisation, spontaneity, theatricality, elements of surprise and suggest the presence of a situation of success. They contribute to the development of speech, creative and mental activity.
Finger games, as it were, reflect the reality of the surrounding world - objects, animals, people, their activities. During finger games, children, repeating the movements of adults, activate the motor skills of their hands. Thus, dexterity is developed, the ability to control one's movements, to concentrate on one type of activity. Children repeat the text after an adult, and they remember it faster, memory develops.
Training of finger movements can be given 1.5 - 2 minutes in morning exercises or 2 -3 minutes in direct educational activities in artistic creativity.
It is necessary to constantly monitor that there is no overdose. Exercises should be given in small portions, but do them with maximum load, with a large range of motion. Careless, relaxed exercise does not give the effect. Particular attention should be paid to training movements of increased complexity, that is, those that our fingers do not do in Everyday life. It is this training of the fingers that gives a visible and quick effect.
Systematic work on training finger movements, along with a stimulating effect on the development of speech, is a powerful means of increasing the efficiency of the cerebral cortex; children improve attention, memory, hearing, and vision.
The texts of finger games are composed in such a way that one episode contains as many finger movements as possible, and they are combined in meaning with the spoken verses. In order for the effectiveness to be the greatest, you can first do simple finger movements - an image of everyday activities (washing hands, working with scissors, washing, sewing, etc.), then you can move on to an imaginary game on musical instruments. After that, you can proceed to the modeling of objects, plants, animals. Movements are performed according to the pattern, performed with one hand, the other hand, then with both hands at the same time. Initially, the exercises should contain two to three finger figures, then their number may increase.
During games, it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of children, age, mood, desire and capabilities. The main thing is that the game should be fun. A very useful guide for the development of fine motor skills in children is “Finger Steps” by E.Yu. Timofeeva. These are fascinating tasks that not only prepare the child's hand for writing, but also develop his memory, attention, visual-spatial perception, imagination, observation, which, in turn, contributes to the development of speech. These exercises, offered to children in a playful way, are also important because in the process of work the baby has the opportunity of emotional communication with an adult.
2.3. Development of fine motor skills with the help of improvised materials.
The most important thing is that in order to play with a child, we do not need to buy anything special - we have everything at hand.
Counting, cotton swabs, buttons and acorns.
Playing with small objects (under the close supervision of adults), kids develop not only fine motor skills, but also spatial and imaginative thinking, tactile sensitivity and their creative abilities.
Counting, cotton swabs, acorns and buttons can be used to lay out various patterns, both randomly and according to the scheme. Moreover, all these items can be combined in one picture. It is better to start with simple geometric shapes - a square, a triangle, a rhombus, a sun, gradually complicating the games. From matches and cotton buds, stars, hedgehogs, cars, Christmas trees, any shapes that have a lot of straight lines are good. First, the teacher lays out the drawing, because the baby needs to be interested. Then we gradually connect the child.
If the drawing is complex, you can first draw its diagram on paper. All these items are also successfully combined with wheels, ropes, caps. If you use colored paper and put them on glue, you get a wonderful applique. Buttons can perfectly replace balls, wheels, eyes, windows, Christmas decorations. Also, counting sticks are quite suitable for crafts made from plasticine and acorns, they can be a fastening element for dogs, men, caterpillars.
Even the youngest children (3 years old) will find it useful to sort through the buttons - pulling them out of the box and folding them back. For greater security, you should put buttons of various colors and sizes on a rigid, strong fishing line. Such a toy can serve as a counting material and a visual aid for learning color, counting and size.
Jars, bottles, tubes, bubbles are also one of the favorite children's "toys". It is much more interesting to put everything in transparent jars - you can see everything. Small jars can be used to teach a child to pour cereals, pour liquids.
It is a great pleasure for the child to unscrew and twist the lids. For this purpose, we use a cleanly washed tube from under the cream, an unbreakable bottle. You can pour cereals (buckwheat, peas, millet) or seeds, or small nuts into a jar.
Cereals, salt. Ordinary croup hides a huge number of opportunities for the development of fine motor skills. Small grains and salt can be used for finger painting. To do this, pour the cereal on a tray in an even layer. First, an adult draws, showing samples. The main thing is to interest, captivate. Let's run a finger over the croup. It turns out a bright contrast line. Then we take the child's finger. Let him draw some chaotic lines himself. When the child gets comfortable, you can move on to drawing patterns. First, the teacher draws, then he tries it himself. You can draw anything you like: chaotic lines, houses, circles, fences, clouds, spirals, faces.
You can learn shapes, letters and numbers. Drawing is best done on the floor, on oilcloth, or on a table. Large cereals (buckwheat, peas, beans) can be used to lay out pictures, as well as from matches, buttons and cotton swabs. Accordingly, it is also suitable for applications. It is most interesting to pour the cereal in a transparent bowl.
Zippers, laces, ties, ropes, fasteners. We often buy developing toys, lacing, tablets, which consist of all kinds of zippers, fasteners, and ties, especially for training fine motor skills. But why buy if there are buckles on every belt and shoes, on shoes - laces, on clothes - buttons, hooks and zippers ... We show the purpose of these items on real clothes, teach self-service. Both girls and boys are happy to learn how to weave braids from ribbons, laces and ropes, tying and untying knots, fastening buckles. Exercises with these elements of clothing attract special attention of children.
In addition, children are very fond of trying on adult shoes on their own, as well as putting on hats, tying scarves - we give the child the opportunity to dress himself.
Paper, newspapers, magazines, foil - it can be cut out, it can be wrinkled, torn, paper can be used to make three-dimensional figures.
Towels, rags, bags. Here we again train tactile perception. After all, towels and rags from different fabrics can have a completely different structure.
The dough can be used instead of plasticine - a wonderful material for modeling! It wrinkles easily, gets less dirty, and there will be nothing to worry about if a child accidentally swallows a piece. A thin, rolled out layer of dough can be used as the basis for a picture from any material at hand - buttons, acorns, matches, cereals, ropes, threads, wire, seeds, twigs, etc. Kneading the dough is an exciting and useful activity.
Pompoms, balls. Pompoms are wonderful little balls! If you come off the hat - do not rush to throw it away. We come up with a lot of exciting games with them. You can use it just like a ball - throwing, catching, crushing such a pleasure. You can play "cups" with him. We take several identical cups, cover the pompom with one and swap the cups. Children are trying to find. You can roll from a smooth sloping surface, learn color and count from them. Interested in the club - great! You can also use in a children's game, failed technical devices (ordinary and cellular phones, calculators). Children like real objects much more than toys.
These are fun and exciting ways to ensure the development of fine motor skills in everyday life in an institution, which means the ability to avoid many unpleasant moments in school life child.
2.4. Finger theater for the development of fine motor skills in a child.
This is an excellent material for the development of imagination, thinking and speech in children. Finger theater promotes the development of fine motor skills. During the games, children, repeating the movements of adults, activate the motor skills of the hands. With the help of this, dexterity is developed, the ability to control one's movements, to concentrate on one type of activity.
Games with little characters allow you to stimulate speech activity, since all the warmth, originality, brightness, invested by the author in the figure, involves the child in a fairy-tale world, helping to remove various blocks. The game is a natural means of self-expression for the child, and the use of symbolic materials helps him to distance himself from problematic (difficult) situations.
Finger puppets, "coming to life" on the finger, will not let the child get bored, and will keep the company during a walk, visiting a clinic or on the road. Finger puppets will not take up much space and will help to entertain the baby.
Uniqueness finger theater also lies in the fact that these are copyrighted creations handmade. Finger puppets are made with soul and carry creative energy that can be transferred to the one who holds them in their hands.
2.5. Development of fine motor skills through drawing, modeling, as well as non-traditional types visual activity.
Coloring is one of the easiest activities. At the same time, it continues to be a means of developing the coordinated actions of the visual and motor analyzers and strengthening the motor apparatus of the writing hand. It is necessary to teach children to paint carefully, without going beyond the contours of the depicted objects, evenly applying the desired color. In the process of drawing, children develop not only general ideas, creativity, an emotional attitude to reality deepens, but elementary graphic skills are formed, which are so necessary for the development of manual dexterity and mastery of writing. Drawing, children learn how to handle graphic material correctly and master various visual techniques, they develop small muscles of the hand. You can draw with black and colored pencils, felt-tip pen, chalk, watercolors, gouache. Drawing with different materials requires varying degrees of pressure in order to leave a mark on the paper from the writing object. This also contributes to the development of manual skills.
A good place to start is to use:
- stroke of flat figures. You can circle everything: the bottom of a glass, an inverted saucer, your own palm, a flat toy, etc. Molds for making cookies or cakes are especially suitable for this purpose;
-drawing on reference points;
- finishing the second half of the drawing;
- drawing according to the model, without taking your hands off the paper.
Modeling from plasticine, clay and salt dough. You can make single parts or several at once and combine them into compositions. You can sculpt small details yourself, and the kid can assemble the finished composition.
- we mold sausages, rings, balls; we cut the plasticine sausage with a plastic knife into many small pieces, and then we stick the pieces together again. From each small piece we make a cake or a coin. (You can use a real coin or a flat toy to press down on the tortilla to get an imprint.)
- we glue jars, twigs, etc. with the obtained cakes. Laying out of plasticine of a given pattern with balls, sausages on plywood or a sheet of cardboard.
- gluing a glass bottle with plasticine and shaping it into a vase, teapot, etc.
- molding of geometric shapes, numbers, letters.
Visual activity using non-traditional techniques and materials contributes to the development of the child: fine motor skills and tactile perception; spatial orientation on a sheet of paper; eye and visual perception; attention and perseverance; visual skills and abilities; observation and aesthetic responsiveness. Children are happy to perform such tasks, because they can do it, and the guys see the result of their work immediately
The accessibility of using non-traditional techniques is determined by the age characteristics of preschoolers. Work in this direction should begin with such techniques as drawing with the palm of your hand, fingers, tearing off paper, and in older preschool age, these same techniques are complemented by an artistic image created with the help of more complex ones: blotography, monotype. There are a great many non-traditional techniques of activity:
-print (cork, foam rubber, potato seals, eraser, leaves, etc.);
- watercolor + wax crayons, candle;
- black-and-white and color scratching;
- inkblotography with a tube, with a thread;
- spray;
- plasticineography;
- poke (hard brush, semi-dry, broom);
- watercolor crayons, sanguine;
-landscape monotype;
- drawing with multi-colored foam, cardboard;
-batik;
- isolate; using a different base (paper, semolina, plexiglass).
others
2.6. Graphic exercises for the development of fine motor skills in children.
Graphic activity contributes to a better orientation in the two-dimensional space of a sheet of paper and prepares the child's hand for learning to write. It is important that graphic tasks have figurative and semantic significance. For this purpose, objects such as waves, rainbows, puffs of smoke, fish scales are selected for drawing. Here you can take the task of drawing the missing details of flowers and objects, tracing patterns, shading and coloring contour images, pictures in albums for coloring. A gradual transition to work according to a given scheme of action is envisaged, for example: "Draw waves, large and small, three large waves and three small ones." Then the work of drawing ornaments and labyrinths becomes more complicated. The child acquires the experience of graphic movements by performing various types of hatching, drawing, copying drawings, tracing contours with dots and dotted lines, drawing ornaments by cells. At the same time, training the right way actions: draw a line from top to bottom and from left to right; hatch evenly, without spaces, without leaving the contour.
Hatching. Tasks with hatching are performed on unlined paper. Help prepare the hand for writing. The child should try not to tear the pen from the paper and not interrupt the lines. The ability to freely draw smooth lines from left to right is important in the formation of handwriting. Hatching, as one of the easiest types of graphic activity, is also introduced to a large extent to help children learn the hygiene rules necessary for writing. Coloring drawings involves four types of shading, which provide gradual development and strengthening of the small muscles of the hand, in developing coordination of movement.
Hatching types:
coloring with short frequent strokes;
coloring with small strokes with a return;
centric hatching (circular hatching from the center of the pattern);
hatching with long parallel lines.
Hatching rules:
Hatch only in the specified direction.
Do not go beyond the contours of the figure.
Keep the lines parallel.
Do not bring the strokes together, the distance between them should be 0.5 cm
When performing hatching, it is necessary to follow the rules: do not go beyond the contours of the figure, observe the parallelism of the lines and the distance between them (0.3 - 0.5 cm). It is recommended to hatch at first with short and frequent strokes, then to introduce centric hatching, and only at the last stage it is possible to hatch with long parallel segments. At the first attempts at hatching, the hand gets tired quickly, children press the pencil hard, there is no coordination of fingers, but the work itself is fascinating and the child comes back to her. According to the drawings, one can trace the improvement of the muscular apparatus. For hatching, you can use simple and colored pencils, felt-tip pens and colored pens. To develop accuracy and confidence in hand movements, games are used in which children need to draw parallel lines in a certain direction:
Game "From house to house". The task of the child is to connect houses of the same color and shape with accurate straight lines. The child first draws a line with just a finger, choosing a direction, then with a felt-tip pen. Drawing lines, children accompany the actions with the words “From house to house”.
The game "All kinds of labyrinths." The child draws various labyrinths. Let "pass" over them with a pencil. So that the lesson does not get bored, it is best to explain what kind of labyrinth it is, where it leads, and who should go through it. ("This labyrinth is in the castle Snow Queen, it's made of ice. Gerda must walk on it without touching the walls, otherwise she will freeze.")
Outlining any of the Montessori frames and inserts is good for hand development, but shading them is just as useful. Each figure should be hatched at a different angle of inclination and with varying degrees of line density. It’s good if the shading turns out to be of varying degrees of intensity: from pale, barely noticeable, to dark.
Grid hatching is also useful. In all cases, the child needs samples.
Ornament drawing. It develops motor dexterity well by drawing ornaments on sheets in a cage (graphic exercises), first with a simple pencil, then with colored ones. You can perform such exercises from 5 to 6 years. Children are interested in such drawing. When the child's hand gets a little stronger, the drawings in his performance become neater and more beautiful. There is no need to force the child to draw ornaments. Try to get him interested in this activity.
Conclusion.
The level of development of fine motor skills is one of the indicators of the intellectual development of a preschooler. Usually a child with a high level of development of fine motor skills is able to reason logically, he has sufficiently developed memory and attention, coherent speech. Teachers note that preschoolers with impaired fine motor skills often experience serious difficulties in mastering writing skills when they enter first grade. Writing is a complex skill involving the execution of fine, coordinated hand movements.
There are a lot of tasks and exercises aimed at developing fine motor skills. If desired, especially if you connect fantasy and imagination, you can invent them endlessly. And the main thing here is to take into account the individual characteristics of each child, his age, mood, desire and capabilities. Skilful fingers will not immediately become. Games and exercises, finger warm-ups, carried out systematically from a very early age, help children to confidently hold a pencil and pen, braid their own pigtails and lace up shoes, build from small parts of the designer, sculpt from clay and plasticine, etc.
Thus, if the fingers of the hands develop, then the speech and thinking of the child will develop.
Work on the development of the child's hand should be carried out in close contact with the parents. This will help you achieve the desired result faster.
List of used literature.
Vorobieva L.V. Educational games for preschoolers. St. Petersburg, Publishing House "Litera", 2006.
Losev P., Plutaeva E. " preschool education". Development of fine motor skills in children 5-7 years old. No. 3,5,6 2005.
Kalinina T.V. Finger games and exercises for children 2-7 years old. Publishing house "Teacher", Volgograd, 2008.
Sinitsyna E. "Smart fingers" Moscow, publishing house "List", 1999.
Timofeeva E.Yu. Finger steps. Exercises for the development of fine motor skills "St. Petersburg, publishing house" Korona-Vek ", 2007.
Stefanova N.L. The development of fine motor skills and speech in children 3-7 years old. diagnostic log. Volgograd, publishing house "Teacher", 2011.
Content
Introduction
1. Equipping the subject-developing space for the development of fine motor skills of hands in preschool children
2. Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills of the hands.
3. Little-known non-traditional methods for developing fine motor skills of the hands
Conclusion
Non-traditional methods for the development of fine motor skills in preschool children.
Relevance.
At the initial stage of life, it is fine motor skills that reflect how the child develops, testifies to his intellectual abilities. Children with poorly developed manual motor skills awkwardly hold a spoon, a pencil, cannot fasten buttons, lace up shoes. It can be difficult for them to collect scattered parts of the designer, work with puzzles, counting sticks, and mosaics. They refuse modeling and applique, which are loved by other children, they do not keep up with the guys in the classroom.
Thus, the possibilities of mastering the world by children are impoverished. Children often feel inadequate in elementary activities available to their peers. This affects the emotional well-being of the child, his self-esteem. Over time, the level of development creates school difficulties.
And, of course, at preschool age, work on the development of fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements should become an important part of the development of children's speech, the formation of self-service skills and preparation for writing. From how deftly the child learns to control his fingers, his further development depends. Along with the development of fine motor skills, memory, attention, and vocabulary develop.
1. Equipping the subject-developing space for the development of fine motor skills of hands in preschool children
In our group, the space is equipped with a subject-developing environment for the development of fine motor skills of the hands - these are:
An art activity corner where children can independently sculpt, draw, developing creativity, imagination, independence and fine motor skills of hands.
Lacing toys
The simplest laces are designed for children aged one to three years. In the form of a game, the development of fine motor skills of the hands is carried out, and, consequently, the phased preparation of the child for writing. Lacing allows you to come up with many games. This is lacing itself, and the ability to use elements of "lacing" in role-playing games or to study primary colors. Lacing games are designed to develop fine motor skills of hands, perseverance and eye. During the game, coordination of movements and flexibility of the hands are improved.
cubes; various wooden pyramids; constructor - develop fine motor skills, contribute to design, which develops finger dexterity and the ability to navigate in space; puzzles - by collecting colorful pictures, the baby develops not only fine motor skills, but also attentiveness, quick wits, logical thinking, coordination of the work of the eyes and hands; cubes - sorters - the child learns to select figures in shape and insert them into the appropriate holes. Thanks to such activities, the baby develops fine motor skills of the fingers, and also gets acquainted with various geometric shapes and different colors; mosaic - contributes to the development of fine motor skills, ingenuity and creativity of the child; beans and peas fine motor skills of hands.
In educational activities for the development of fine motor skills, I use:
plasticine, with the help of plasticine, the child not only expresses himself creatively, but also develops the flexibility and mobility of his fingers, which, in turn, improves speech;
Bean drawing. On a piece of cardboard, the child draws a simple image, for example, a little man. After that, he applies glue on the lines from the pencil and sticks the beans. Working with such small objects as beans trains the muscles of the hand and fingers.
Mosaic - I prepare thin strips of colored paper in advance. The child tears them into small pieces with his hands and lays out a mosaic from them, having previously smeared them with glue. This exercise is especially suitable for children who do not yet know how to use scissors.
Colored semolina
Have the child draw a simple outline drawing on a piece of paper and smear it with glue. After that, grabbing the croup with your fingers, fill in the drawing with it. Let the glue dry. At the end, you need to shake off the excess grits from the picture.
Modeling from clay and plasticine.
Drawing or coloring pictures
Making paper crafts. For example, cutting out geometric shapes with scissors, drawing up patterns, making applications. The child needs to be able to use scissors and glue.
Making crafts from natural materials: cones, acorns, straw and other available materials. In addition to the development of fine motor skills of the hands, these activities also develop the imagination and fantasy of the child.
Non-traditional drawing techniques: brush, finger, toothbrush, candle, etc.
In our free time, in the evenings we play with children in:
Seed sorting (you need to sort different types of seeds with tweezers); transfusion of liquids and not only (it is better to start with "transfusion" of seeds, for example, peas. After that, you can learn to "transfer" sand, and only then water); fastening and unfastening buttons, buttons, hooks (good training for fingers, dexterity improves and fine motor skills of hands develop); tying and untying ribbons, laces, knots on a rope (each such movement has a huge impact on the development of fine motor skills of the child's hands); twisting and unwinding the lids of cans, bubbles, etc. (also improves the development of fine motor skills and dexterity of the child's fingers); My kids favorite game is "Dry Pool". The child dips his hand into multi-colored containers from chocolate eggs and by touch looks for a toy hidden by me. The found toy brings great joy to the child. The use of such a manual is multifunctional, it is a mosaic and objects - substitutes in the game.
For example, chocolate egg containers make good Montessori-style rattles - pedagogy. To do this, you need to take an even number of identical kinder - boxes, fill them in pairs with different bulk products of different calibers: semolina, rice, peas, beans, large nuts (hazelnuts) or chestnuts. The task of the child is to find two containers with the same sound.
You need to start working on the development of fine motor skills from an early age. Take a bright tray. Scatter any small cereal on a tray in a thin even layer. Run your child's finger over the rump. Get a bright contrasting line.
An important work on the development of manual skill is finger games, they are emotional, understandable, accessible and very captivating for children.
These games contribute to the development of speech, creative activity and health promotion.
I have created a cumulative folder of finger games, trying to select exercises based on advanced planning of educational activities, according to seasonality and with a wide variety of finger movements. I conduct finger gymnastics not only in educational activities, but also in sensitive moments, on a walk.
For example, the well-known game for kids “The magpie-crow cooked porridge.” There is an example of massaging the palms of a child. It is the "Magpie-crow" with its circular movements in the palm of your hand that affects digestion, and light pressure on the fingertips stimulates the development of speech. It is also interesting that much attention is paid to the little finger, and this is also not without reason. The little finger is supposed to be massaged more thoroughly than others, since it is believed that the points responsible for the heart, liver and kidneys are located on the little finger. Games with fingers and palms, which are accompanied by verses, have a positive effect on the development of speech, the development of rhythm in a child. It is important to play all games both on the right hand and on the left.
For children, such games remain good fun. During the game, children easily memorized movements and verses.
And, of course, the game Rock, Paper, Scissors, which came to us from China. Children from the age of four perfectly understand the rules of the game and play it with pleasure. It is worth noting that this game is the most favorite for many children.
Words: rock, scissors, paper. Tsu-e-fa.
On the last words, a palm is thrown out, which shows a certain sign. Rock will dull scissors, scissors will cut paper, and paper will wrap rock. Demonstrate to the child how this happens so that he does not get confused.
2. Games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills of the hands.
I have created games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills of hands, which are very popular in our group and children play them with great pleasure.
Game "Tactile bag"
I prepared the same caps, their number should be even. You can take caps from juice boxes or plastic bottles, drinking yogurt.
As a tactile material, I used sandpaper, carpet, fabric with different textures (velveteen, denim, tapestry, fur, knitted fabric, leather, mosquito net, etc. According to the size of the covers, I cut out two circles of each material and put the circles into lids smeared with glue.I sewed a beautiful bag of dense fabric.
Rules of the game: put several pairs of caps in the bag (you can start with two pairs, gradually increasing their number).
The child recognizes by touch what is glued in the lid, and pulls out the same glued lids.
Pipette exercise
For this exercise, you will need a pipette and small containers for pouring liquid. Suction with a pipette of water. Develops fine finger movements and improves general hand motility.
Exercise with tweezers
Children put beads, peas, buttons into the container with tweezers.
Sorting small items
Sort by color, shape, size of small items, such as beads, buttons.
Pompoms and tongs
It is required to fold the pom-poms into a bottle with tongs.
Doll clothes on clothespins
Hanging doll clothes and scraps of fabric on a string with clothespins is also a great exercise for developing fine motor skills. This type of activity is popular not only among girls, but also among boys.
Box with clothespins
Clothespins can be attached not only to a string, but also to a cardboard box. For these purposes, I used a shoe box. To make this exercise more interesting and useful, I cut out geometric shapes from cardboard and attach clothespins to them.
Hole Punch Exercise
It is necessary to cut out some figure from cardboard, and then make holes along the edge of this figure with a hole punch. Now you need to take a colored lace or ribbon and thread it through the holes.
Cocktail tubes
Cut into small pieces multi-colored plastic tubes for a cocktail. The exercise consists in stringing these pieces on a string in a certain sequence.
Dear colleagues, I introduced you to the most famous forms and methods of work on the development of fine motor skills of hands in preschool children. But for my work, I have identified a few more non-traditional and little-known methods, which I will now tell you about.
3. Little-known non-traditional methods for developing fine motor skills of the hands
Non-traditional methods for developing fine motor skills of the hands include: massage with a Su-jok ball, Kuznetsov's applicator or Lyapko's needle mats (Acupuncture, button therapy.
Non-traditional material provides ample opportunities for training the small muscles of the hand in various activities that are playful in nature.
Between continuous educational activities, I spend dynamic pauses with the Su-Jok massager.
Massager “Su-Jok” is a unique tactile gymnastics that has a total effect on the cerebral cortex, which protects its individual zones from overwork, evenly distributing the load on the brain. Game self-massage with a massager is carried out in the form of 5-minute exercises between the main parts of the lesson (dynamic pauses).
Exercises to relax the fingers and hands:
“Let's stroke the kitten” - smooth movements illustrating the corresponding action are performed first with one hand, then with the other. (3-5 times).
"Bunny" - and. p .: the hand rests on the elbow; the index and middle fingers are straightened and spread apart, the remaining fingers are clenched into a fist.
"Ring" - and. n. the same; the thumb and forefinger are connected into a ring, the remaining fingers are straightened and spread apart.
Approximate exercises using the Su-Jok massager:
Rectilinear movements of the prickly ball:
- On the back and palmar side of the hand (first ask the child to depict the sun, spreading the fingers of the massaging hand). The direction of movement is from the fingertips to the wrist joint.
Circular movements on the palm:
- First with one hand;
Then the other hand.
Spiral movements:
- On the back and palmar surfaces of the hand with the pads of two to five fingers (from the fingertips to the wrist joint).
Zigzag movements:
- On the palms of both hands (you can use the game image in communicating with children: draw the child's attention to the fact that the hand resembles a tree: the forearm is the trunk, and the hand with spread fingers is the crown).
Weak tingling of all fingers:
– Pads of one hand;
- Pads of the other hand
Acupuncture
The term "Acupuncture" literally means treatment with needles. I conduct acupuncture with children using the Kuznetsov applicator - a needle-shaped therapeutic and prophylactic massager, which is designed as a prefabricated structure, the simplest element of which is a module, which is a plastic plate with a working needle-like surface.
Needle massage technique: in a playful way, I invite the child to put his hands on the applicator. Moreover, such a game should contain tasks in which the child touches the needle massager in different ways: either with a full palm, then with one finger, then barely, then with considerable effort.
You can also diversify this activity:
- offer to walk along the path;
- look for individual modules in a dry pool, in sand, water containers,
-use as chips in board games, tokens in competitions;
-to consolidate knowledge of color, counting, prepositional case constructions, divide words, syllables and sounds, laying out diagrams on the table from massager modules, play checkers.
Button therapy.
Any teacher knows that in order to win the trust of a child, one must have something secret and inaccessible to him in ordinary life. And such an object in our group was an ordinary button.
A wide variety of buttons allows us to use them for corrective and educational games to familiarize and reinforce such concepts as color, shape, size. When exercising with buttons, the child develops coordination of movements, achieving precise execution; develops perseverance and arbitrariness of mental processes, develops auditory, visual and kinesthetic channels of perception, since the exercises are performed in the mode: hear, see, do.
Button therapy is easy to use, manipulations with buttons do not form dust, do not cause allergies, do not get dirty, they cannot be cut or pricked. Buttons are easy to clean, handled like all plastic toys in children's institution, and you won’t have to look for assistants for washing buttons for a long time, you don’t have to beg.
Here are some examples of button games.
Raising buttons.
With the help of two fingers of different hands, shift the buttons from the box to the table, while all pairs of the same-named fingers of both hands should participate in the process (in turn).
Complication: combine in pairs different fingers of both hands, for example, a pair - the index finger of the right hand and the little finger of the left hand. Time game: who will collect the most buttons in a certain time?
Grow, finger!
With the thumb we move the button along the phalanx of the finger from the nail to the palm and back, forcing each finger to “grow”.
Complication: performing the exercise with both hands at the same time.
Who quickly?
Place the button on the child's index finger. The task of his comrade will be to shift the button to his finger without the use of others. The one who dropped the item loses. If there are a lot of children, you can divide them into teams and arrange competitions.
Pass the button.
Pass the button from hand to hand in a circle.
Complication: change the way the button is passed.
Pick a button.
Pick up a button in size and color to the corresponding place in the picture - template.
Cryotherapy.
Cryotherapy literally means cold treatment. But in our case, the positive effect is not so much the cold as the contrast of temperatures, i.e. exposure to cold and heat alternately on the hands, contrast therapy.
Cold causes muscle contraction, and heat causes relaxation. Muscle tone is normalized, the contractility of the small muscles of the hand increases. All this contributes to the improvement of more subtle movements of the hand, leads to the implementation of clear differentiated movements, respectively, the motor zone of the cerebral cortex develops and, as a result, improves the process of speech development. Cryotherapy does not require special equipment. Pieces of ice are needed, which are prepared in advance. Carrying out cryotherapy with children has its own contraindications and its own methodology.
Contraindications.
You can not carry out cryotherapy for children with episyndrome;
Carefully use cryotherapy with long-term and frequently ill children.
Cryotherapy is carried out in three stages.
1. Cryocontrast. Children take pieces of ice from a bowl and sort through them for 10-15 seconds. Then they warm up their hands, this is done in a basin with warm water or on plastic bottles with hot water. Dip your hands in the ice again. Cryocontrast is carried out three times. Then dry your hands with a towel.
This work can be diversified by adding aroma oil and color to the ice.
2. Finger gymnastics (mainly for muscle stretching).
3. Development of tactile sensitivity:
- hand massage with cones, Su-Jok balls, brushes, stroking objects of different textures.
Methods for the development of fine motor skills - cryotherapy, acupuncture and button therapy made it possible to achieve certain results:
- children learn more easily and independently perform complex finger exercises and their combinations;
- in children, the development of visual and graphic skills is easier;
- develop attention and memory, which are closely related to speech development;
- the interest of children in classes with a speech therapist, a psychologist is increasing.
In addition, both of these methods initially have a medical focus. And this means that the positive effect of their use is confirmed not only in the process of pedagogical observation, but also in the process of various medical studies.
I presented to your attention a very small part of the games that I use in my work.
I am working on improving sensory perception and developing the hand on a walk. These are, of course, games with sand and snow. The guys like to draw with a stick on the sand, but also put prints with their palms, depicting flowers or butterflies. Draw animal tracks, roads, the world that the child sees with his own eyes. It is varied, interesting and instructive.
Conclusion
Thus, developing fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements in preschool children through various activities, improving the conditions for the development of fine motor skills of the fingers of preschool children, I achieved the following results: improved coordination and accuracy of hand and eye movements, hand flexibility, rhythm; fine motor skills of fingers, hands; improved development of imagination, logical thinking, voluntary attention, visual and auditory perception, creative activity; created an emotionally comfortable environment in communication with peers and adults.
Games for the development of fine motor skills of hands in older preschoolers
The development of fine motor skills of the hands plays an important role in the overall development of preschoolers, allows you to form the coordination of finger movements, develops speech activity, prepares the child for school, and develops creative abilities. I bring to your attention a number of simple, but useful and exciting exercises that can complement the games of preschoolers. This material will be useful to kindergarten teachers, speech therapists, parents of preschool children.
1. Beads
Target:
What is necessary: dyed pasta, long string.
How we play: we string pasta on a string, you can offer a certain alternation of pasta colors.
2. Exercise with tweezers
Target: develop the accuracy of movements, consolidate knowledge of colors.
What is necessary: tweezers, small "buttons" (I made them from moisture-absorbing napkins for the kitchen using a hole punch), a few small bowls.
How we play: using tweezers, lay out the “buttons” by color in different bowls (shapes).
3. Exercises with clothespins
Target: develop accuracy of movements, attention.
What is necessary: box, clothespins, a set of paired pictures.
Stick pictures on the edge of the box and on clothespins.
How we play: take a clothespin with any picture, find the same picture on the box, attach a clothespin to the edge of the box.
4. Tracks
Target: develop the accuracy of movements, the ability to navigate on a sheet of paper.
What is necessary: cardboard sheet, natural material (small pebbles, shells, beans, peas), small buttons.
How we play: on a sheet of cardboard we lay out winding paths with a material of choice.
5. Laying out along the contour
Target: develop precision movements.
What is necessary: a set of sheets with a contour image of objects, colored paper clips, buttons, natural material (shells, small stones, beans).
How we play: offer to choose a figure, lay out a figure along a given contour using the selected material, you can offer to “paint over” the figure.
6. Painting from beads
Target: develop the accuracy of movements, creative imagination.
What is necessary: a sheet of cardboard, a set of colored beads.
How we play: On a sheet of cardboard, lay out the drawing as desired.
7. Twisting tapes
Target: develop precision movements.
What is necessary: attached long satin ribbons with a small stick glued to the end (for example, from ice cream)
How we play: suggest twisting the ribbons from one end to the other.
8. Openwork pattern
Target: develop precision movements.
What is necessary: toothpick or skewer, a sheet with a drawn simple pattern, a letter, a number or a template figure cut out of cardboard, a fabric folded in several layers.
How we play: put a sheet with a pattern on a fabric folded in several layers, the child pierces holes along the contour of the pattern with a toothpick or skewer, at the end of the work, look at the pattern in the light.
9. Feed the bird
Target: develop precision movements.
What is necessary: a cardboard box with a pasted drawing of a bird, make a small hole near the beak; a handful of wheat, beans, peas.
How we play: throw one seed into the hole.
MBDOU "Kindergarten "Vasilyok", Dobroe village, Simferopol region, Republic of Crimea
Muradasilova E.R. The development of fine motor skills in children of senior preschool age // Owl. 2015. N2..2015.n2.00046.html (date of access: 04.07.2019).
"The origins of the abilities and talents of children
is at their fingertips.
From them ... go the thinnest streams,
that feed the source of figurative thought."
V. A. Sukhomlinsky
The relevance of work on the development of fine motor skills of the hand in children of older preschool age with OHP is due to age-related psychological, physiological and speech features. A person cannot develop a comprehensive idea of the surrounding objective world without tactile-motor perception, since it underlies sensory cognition. It is with the help of tactile-motor perception that the first impressions about the shape, size of objects, their location in space are formed. In order to teach speech therapy children to speak, it is necessary not only to train their articulatory apparatus, but also to develop fine motor skills.
It is known that about a third of the entire area of the motor projection in the cerebral cortex is occupied by the projection of the hand. Therefore, the training of fine finger movements has a great influence on the development of a child's active speech. Good fine motor skills in a child will allow him to make precise movements with small hands, and thanks to this, he will quickly begin to communicate using language. The level of development of fine motor skills is one of the indicators of intellectual readiness for school, and it is in this area that preschoolers often experience serious difficulties.
Therefore, work on the development of fine motor skills must begin long before entering school.
What is fine motor skills?
fine motor skills is a set of coordinated actions of the nervous, muscular and skeletal systems, often in combination with the visual system in performing small and precise movements with the hands and fingers. When applied to motor skills, the term agility is often used.
The area of fine motor skills includes many different movements: from primitive gestures to very small movements, on which a person's handwriting depends.
The value of fine motor skills
The movement of the hands is the basis for the formation of self-service skills in children.
The level of development of fine motor skills is one of the important indicators of a child's readiness for schooling.
The movement of the fingers affects the development motor function speech and stimulate the development of others mental functions such as thinking, memory, attention.
Types of organized activities and their directions, where you can successfully apply exercises for the development of fine motor skills of the hand.
Cognition:
Socialization (game activity).
Work (self-service).
Security (preservation of life and health).
Cognitive - speech (speech development, sensory development and productive activity).
Formation of elementary mathematical representations(number and count, shape, size, orientation in space).
Communication: (communication with adults and children, the development of all components of oral speech).
Artistic Creativity: (poetic forms in finger gymnastics, productive activity (drawing, modeling, appliqué).
Physical Culture (physical education minutes, passive gymnastics (massage))
Subject-developing educational environment
The group created the necessary subject-developing environment, purchased and made games and manuals for the development of fine motor skills.
We have a specific place in the group where various games and materials for the development of fine motor skills are presented. The work here is carried out with a small group of children. Sometimes, in the morning and evening periods, we work individually. Now we notice that children independently and with great interest act with didactic material.
Goal and tasks
Purpose: development of fine motor skills in children with OHP through didactic games and toys, massage of the palms and fingers and finger gymnastics.
To develop fine motor skills of fingers in children with ONR through didactic games and toys, massage of the palms, fingers and finger gymnastics.
Develop tactile sensitivity of hands.
Stimulate visual and auditory perception.
Practice subtle finger movements.
Develop memory, attention, patience and coherent speech.
Develop manual skills.
To improve the subject-developing environment of the group for the development of fine motor skills.
Methods and techniques
The dominant method is gaming.
Verbal (explanation and story)
visual (show, demonstration, diagrams)
Practical (joint display, teacher's story, game)
scientific principles
A complex approach.
Systematic and consistent.
Unity survey (diagnostics) and the pedagogical process.
Collaboration between teacher and parents.
Development.
Survey methodology
survey map
Formulation of results.
Survey data processing.
Determining the level of development of fine motor skills in children.
Having set a goal and objectives, as well as based on my personal pedagogical experience, taking into account age features children, relying on the expanded thematic planning, proposed in the program "From birth to school" (edited by the authors N.E. Veraks, T.S. Komarova, M.A. Vasilyeva), I selected the most appropriate types of game exercises for the development of fine motor skills for solving the tasks.
For convenience, those types of gaming exercises that I use in my work have been divided into complexes:
Use of non-standard equipment.
A complex of elements of activity in the development of fine motor skills.
Complex "Finger games".
Game massage complex.
Development of graphic motor skills.
Groats games
We invite children to play Cinderella. To do this, on a piece of paper, mix a little bit of buckwheat, rice and peas. After that, we propose to sort. It is interesting to watch children: everyone does it in their own way. Someone takes the cereal with two fingers, someone just moves it along the sheet. Sometimes we do it temporarily.
We take a tray and scatter small cereals (semolina) on it. You can't imagine a better drawing board.
Pour dry peas into a mug. We transfer one by one to another mug. First with one hand, then with both hands, alternately with the thumb and middle finger, thumb and ring finger, thumb and little finger.
Pour the peas on a saucer. The baby is big and index fingers takes a pea and holds it with other fingers - picks up a whole handful. You can do this with both hands. Unfold, do not tear ...
Only at first glance it seems easy to deploy Walnut wrapped in foil.
How much foil the guys ruined before they learned to do it carefully and slowly, trying not to tear the thin material.
Games with counting sticks.
In these games, ordinary counting sticks or matches (without sulfur) will become good helpers.
"Lay Down the Well"
"Post a picture"
"Lay out the geometry"
Clothespin games
Exercises with clothespins develop sensorimotor coordination, fine motor skills of the hands.
To make the game more interesting, you can attach clothespins on the subject.
Lego building games
Contribute to the development of perception. Conditions are created in which children get acquainted with the color, shape, size, tangible properties of objects.
Dry pool
Children love to play in the dry pool (made of covers). Small toys from kinder surprises are hidden there, which the guys are looking for with growing interest in in large numbers stoppers and lids.
Games: Lacing
Lacing games develop sensorimotor coordination, fine motor skills of hands.
They develop spatial orientation, contribute to the assimilation of the concepts of "above", "below", "left", "right".
Contribute to the development of speech.
Develop creative abilities.
Develop perseverance, attention, patience.
The game promotes coordination of movements, flexibility of the hand and looseness of movements, which is the key to the absence of problems at school.
Drawing
Drawing is a favorite pastime. It is not necessary to draw on a piece of paper with pencils and brushes, you can draw on snow or sand, semolina, on a misted window, on asphalt ...
And you can draw with your finger or palm, make prints with a piece of cotton wool, crumpled paper, a seal, a poke. There are many other ways to develop children's perception ...
Plasticine games
Modeling, drawings from plasticine sausages, plasticineography ... At the same time, we will develop fine motor skills of the hand along the way.
Paper games
It turns out that paper can be wrinkled, torn, folded, cut with scissors…
These games will help children learn how to plain paper turns into a beautiful applique and funny voluminous toys.
The development of precise movements, attention, patience, perseverance and memory are helped by classes in the origami technique: folding boats, planes, flowers, animals, etc.
Games with natural material
It is no longer a secret for children that unusual crafts can be created from cones, acorns, leaves and chestnuts, or you can simply use them for hand massage.
Puzzles and mosaic
Puzzles - translated from English "puzzle", "difficulty". In addition to fine motor skills, this game also forms spatial representation, the ability to add big from small parts.
Mosaic is a game that everyone remembers from childhood. Children are already making compositions according to the model or focusing on their own imagination.
Working with scissors
At older preschool age, work on the development of fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements becomes an important part of preparing for school. A special role in the development of manual skills is played by the ability to confidently use scissors.
finger games
Finger games - the best remedy for the development of fine motor skills and speech in their entirety. Learning the texts of finger gymnastics contributes to the rapid formation of speech, spatial thinking, attention, memory and imagination. Children's speech becomes more expressive.
Hand and finger massage
Massage is one of the types of passive gymnastics. It has a general strengthening effect on the muscular system, increasing the tone, elasticity and contractility of the muscles.
massage balls su-jok and a ring spring are indispensable for massaging fingers and palms.
Development of graphic motor skills
Development of graphic skills
Taking into account the age characteristics of older preschoolers, directly educational activities carried out in notebooks with a large cell. The cell provides great opportunities for the development of fine motor skills and elementary graphic writing skills, since drawing by cells requires small precise movements, and also creates favorable conditions for the development of orientation in microspace.
Purpose: development of graphic skills by overcoming the underdevelopment of the motor, muscular capabilities of the child's fingers.
Tasks:
Improve the skills of performing finger gymnastics and games that stimulate the development of speech.
To form fine motor skills, the ability to listen, remember, perform actions based on verbal and visual instructions.
To improve the ability of children to navigate in space and on a plane, to determine the spatial relationships between two or three objects or images, as well as the ability to distinguish between right and left side.
Teach children to navigate in notebooks in a large cell.
To teach children to draw straight lines, squares, rectangles with and without dots, use these elements when writing letters in preparatory group.
To teach children to draw slanted lines with and without dots, to use these elements when writing letters.
Improve hatching skills with horizontal and oblique lines.
Develop eye, auditory attention, visual perception, speech.
Output
The development of the hand and coordination of the movements of the fingers is a complex task, covering many areas of children's activities. It is one of the aspects of the problem of ensuring full development in preschool childhood. And since a general motor lag is observed in most modern children, especially with ONR, the weak hand of a preschooler must and must be developed. Games and special exercises activate the motor skills of the hands, improve the mobility of the fingers, develop their strength and flexibility. They develop dexterity, the ability to control their movements.
Literature
1. Zhukova N. S. Overcoming speech underdevelopment in children
2. Galiguzova L. N. Smirnova E. O. Degrees of communication: from one to seven
3. Darvish O.B. Age-related psychology
4. Kholmovskaya V.V. Raising and educating children of five, six years
5. Fomina L.F. Teaching children the correct pronunciation
6. Koltsova M.M. Motor development
7. Danilova E. Finger games
8. Grizik T.I. Childhood and adolescence
9. Reference book of the senior educator.
10. Journal "Preschool Education"
11. Journal "Preschool education"
12. Dubrovina I.V. School readiness, developmental programs
13. Danilova E.E. "Psychology"
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