Cards with the image of geometric shapes. Geometry for children - figures and forms. Basic figures on cards

Geometry for kids is an impermanent thing, because there are so many figures, and the ways to study them are even more. Which of them should be taken to work first and how to force the crumb to be interested in them? Let us discuss the approaches that can be used to teach a new material.

More complex concepts, such as a trapezoid or diamond, is better to postpone on later. First, the crumb need to learn the simplest figures: a circle, triangle and square. Molding this outfit science, you will be able to develop new horizons. Psychologists and teachers argue that the circle is given to children to memorize the easiest.

Time to study figures

The first attempts to meet the figures can begin almost from birth. The game file feed will always be appropriate. Do you show a baby picture with a ball or a cube, you can always in addition to say about them. Such a light feed will be perceived by the child positively.

2-year-old Karapuz must already distinguish:

1. triangle;
2. a circle;
3. square.

The 3-year-old Kroch knows further:

• oval;
• rhombus;
• rectangle.

Behind them, you can begin to acquaint the child with a trapeze, ellipse, etc. Do not forget about the inclusion in your classes with children and entertaining moments.

The principle of mastering figures

Geometric shapes for children in different period Distribute unequal. Knowing age peculiaritiesYou will be easier for you to choose a suitable methodology and teach new concepts.

First for study, select a circle. When a child is well awarded, go to the next stage. You will beat the situation when a large circle came to visit the baby. Drive the child's finger with a circle, take it with your palm, make an applique based on it, adding round eyes and spout.

Volumetric figures will be quite appropriate when studying forms. So the child will be involved another sensory body. Kroch can always touch the item, make some manipulations with him: build a tower, throw, remove into the box. Such a multifaceted way to familiarize themselves with a new concept will be very effective, because children at this age will know the world around us through visual effects.

Color and size to start it is desirable to choose the same one. Let all studied concepts be, for example, red, then the child will not have problems with the perception of the new, it will not be distracted by color and dimensional differences.

Training features

List features children's Development, and in particular the perception of figures:

• In 1-2 years, Kroch compares their visually, learns to produce sorting (we recommend reading :). The child begins to choose from the available figures you need and paste it into the appropriate hole.
• A stunned 2-year-old child is able to choose a called form from a variety of figures represented.
• The development of 3-pilots allows him to call some figures independently.

Playing and talking, always pay attention to the surrounding subjects and compare them with already familiar geometric figures. Walking in the park, you can also draw the attention of Karapuz to the appearance of triangles and circles, even outside the house. Constantly referring to this topic, you can easily find out what else requires study, and that the baby has already learned well.

Study continues in the next key:

• comparison of flat and volumetric figures with specified samples;
• search for a bulk body according to the existing flat image;
• recreation of geometric bodies (modeling, drawing, cutting);
• analysis of the picture with a complex object, identifying its components.

Study

We are looking for a geometry around

The development of children does not seem without development geometric figuresBut you need to get acquainted gradually. First, select only one shape. Having completed its development and consolidation, go to the next. We advise you to start with a circle as the most easy and memorable shape.

Print shapes with a printer or draw from hand on A4 sheet sheet. Repeat, all the figures must be monochrome and disposable. Take a few days to get acquainted with the circle. On the first day, show the crumb circle and tell you what it has features. On the second day, start searching the items that resemble a circle. Seeing that the child does not cope with the use of age, help him. Having found the right thing, let the Karapuz spend on his edge to remember and consolidate such a form. Subsequent forms are introduced similarly. For an example of such a lesson, look at the video on the Internet.

Thinking that the child is still too small to memorize the names, still do not cease to do. Your works in the end crowned victory, because all classes are postponed in a children's head. Even before the carapuz one year old You can show and call the basic concepts of geometry, namely the square, circle and triangle. To do this, use special video tutorials.

Games for distinguishing figures

To play, you will need a small bag in which you need to put already known forms. Demonstrate a child, for example, a triangle, and then ask to find the same in the bag. A little later, realizing the ratio of flat and bulk bodies, show flat images, asking for the corresponding bulk body, for example, the ball is a circle, a cube - a square. Oshiving and this exercise, a child will eventually learn how to show no figures, but real objects.

Lotto is a unique game that allows you to learn anything. Figures We are also easy to learn using the lotto. For the game, make cards with images of studied concepts (for carapuses it is worth starting with 3-4 forms) in two copies. One of them cut into separate cards cards. First, make a lotto with figures of the same color and size, and as Karapuza adults, the variety of values \u200b\u200band colors will increase. Colored differing pictures look for more difficult.

Basic shapes on cards:

Sort method

The toy grader will become an excellent assistant in the study of geometry. Closer to the year, the crumb, playing with this toy, discovers that for each item there is its own unique hole. Help the baby tips: "You found a square, and this is a round hole. It does not fit here. Let's look for a square hole? " Make the simplest grader can be independently. Take two boxes, in one make a round hole, in the other - square. Offer the child to sort the cubes and balls on the boxes. Accompany Karapus actions with comments and call proper Figure. In such a simple way, the kid will overcome all the concepts. There are sorters with partitions that do not allow the details to mix inside the cube. Such sorters are perfect for children, poorly distinguishing figures.

Frames liners are of various directions, including geometry. Frames with basic forms require the insertion to the desired compartment of the suitable part. The exercise game resembles a sorter. Videos are widely represented on the Internet.

Sort by signs: The child must learn the differences in manipulations with the figures, for example, one thing is rolling, and the other - no, or with some you can make a tower, and others do not suit this, etc. By age, 5 years old, the child will be able to sort objects on two signs: you can roll and cannot be built tower (ball), you can not roll, but you can put on one another (cylinder), you can not roll (cube). In preschool age 6-7 years future first grader Must be perfectly to master the initial primitive knowledge of geometry.

Appliques

The execution of applications will help assimilate new concepts. Use various geometric bodies to plan the future applique. The first samples should be made as simple as possible, for example, only triangles are glued to the triangular sheet, only squares are on the square. Let the crumb to determine how to glue what figure.

Future appliqué details can be cut from different materials: felt, cardboard, velvet paper, etc. Approximately one and a half years, the kid will win the process of sticking parts to the necessary places on the template and will be ready for a new stage. Now you can proceed to the fulfillment of the most primitive composite applique. The basis for exercises can be taken from the following manuals:

• Series "School of Seven Gnomes 1+".
• Developing stickers for kids.
• Wonderful stickers. Cheerful geometry.

Tactile creativity

Tactile work with geometric bodies allows you to remember them faster. Any creative activity (drawing, modeling, cutting) will be a backward in the development of new concepts. On the A4 sheet, print or draw large figures. Show the baby how to draw some of them pencils, wovers or paints. Draw your hand in your hand so that the child understands the principle. Over time, he will begin to cope without your help. More often kids are the easiest way to draw a circle.

Do not limit the work of small children with one drawing. The figures can be laying out of the threads, to be folded from the toothpicks, the ends of which can be made of plasticine for fixation, sculpt from dough and plasticine, create from mosaic, etc. Street games also combine with learning: draw shapes on asphalt shallow, sticks on Earth, collect acorns and pebbles, and then lay out squares and circles. Can be inspired using large number Photos and video classes presented on the network.

Using house cards

Many reasonably consider the Methods of Domana most effective in the study of geometric shapes. With a minimum effort, the child masters new concepts in as soon as possible. We clarify one point: when we study new concepts with the child, these knowledge require consolidation. It is possible through a variety of exercise games that we talked above. Locked knowledge will quickly rise, almost as quickly as they have been acquired. Most often, you can hear the recommendations that the beginning of the household classes is better to postpone 1 year at age. During this period, the child is already eagerly engaged in both sorts and appliqués and liner frames. This method Often used in kindergartens.

Children with the need to know the surrounding world through movements will be useful to offer games in which you need to move on a certain trajectory. The game track or the path imitates one or another figure. Such an exercise will allow kinestics preschool age Faster learning new concepts. Also help game complexes and towns.

The exercise game "Walk out the figure" will be appropriate for children from year to two. Kroch, who has mastered walking well, is ready to participate in the game. With the help of chalk or rope, mark the form, mark the start and finish, which are one point. For the background, turn on cheerful songs. As a task, offer children bypass the image with a step, jumping, crawling, etc. As the kids are growing, the tasks are complicated: you can ask to get around, throwing the ball or carrying a spoon with a ball in your hand.

A good game for three years - catch up with the use of houses-figures. Mark on the floor or land houses. It can be pre-cut large figures, and can be simply drawn with chalk or folded from sticks of the house. In such houses (circles, squares and triangles), a child can hide from leading only if the form is correct.

When we teach the aza geometry, you can use modern means. Educational video materials and cartoons that tell about various geometric figures will be useful. Pay attention to such cartoons as: "Balcheriki" and "Farrow Chuch-Chuh".

Do you know how to make animals from geometric figures?

Never tried?

Then you should see pictures on the site, where various animals are composed of geometric shapes. Offer these drawings to your children: surely they will appreciate their originality.

Geometric world

In everything that surrounds us, you can find elements of geometry.

The table can be round or square, our homes are parallelepipeds, etc. Did not observe how artists paint? They first outline the contours of the object with the basis of geometric shapes, and then then spend smooth lines around them. They see the world of geometric, and smooth or soft lines only hide the real essence of things.

In pedagogy for preschool children, there is even a whole direction where the guys teach in everything to see pure geometric shapes. This is Mary's pedagogy. She believed that pure geometric shapes contribute to the best development of children and their orientation in the world. It is impossible to say that this system is ideal, but she found her supporters.

And now let's remember the work of artists of the era of modernism and postmodernism. Pictures filled with squares, triangles, circles, trapezes and all sorts of figures painted in different colors. So the painters of the new era saw the world, and this was the foundation. They tried to convey this world with untouched human hands. Their desire to show that we all and all objects around us consist of geometric shapes. All our world, if you look at, is a solid geometry.

How to use pictures in working with children

It is quite clear that the question arises: one thing is artists, but why do children have such a vision of the world?

Of course, pictures with animals from geometric figures do not set the goal to impose an extraordinary vision of the world. However, why not show that such a interpretation of everything that surrounds us is possible.

According to pictures, it is interesting and fascinating to study the names of geometric shapes. From a simple show and repetition, the child quickly gets tired and begins to refuse classes, even if their mother is held at home. Another thing, if the shapes need to find in animals. It wakes up genuine curiosity.

When you fully read the names of the figures and their appearance, ask the child to show your vision of the world. Let an animal or any object be taken for example.

Ask: what kind of geometric shape it looks like.

Such exercises:

1. - development observation;
2. - improve logical and spatial thinking;
3. - contribute to the vision of the subject hidden behind the outer shell.

The kid learns to see and watch what they cannot or can not see others. Is it not the upbringing of the artist and creative personality?

And you can play back game. Imagine that you are paintings-abstrasts. Let one of you draw something consisting of geometric figures, and the other will try to guess what is drawn. Paints of postmodernism often encrypted their drawings on the canvas filled with squares, rectangles, trapezes ... The same puzzles were previously offered children's magazines.

You yourself can create such a puzzle: you only need a little fantasy and look at the world through the prism of geometry.

Why teach a little child to geometric figures? Surely, many parents do not even think about this issue, simply giving the tribute to fashion and teaching the crumb of mathematics almost from birth. Meanwhile, geometric shapes for children, their timely study play a big role in the knowledge of the surrounding, acquaintance with one of the main properties of objects - form. This is necessary for the development of logical thinking, spatial representations, Improving mathematical abilities. That is why it is important to start familiarizing with geometric shapes as early as possible, reinforcing knowledge of children with fascinating tasks in everyday life.

What should a child know about geometric figures

Important:Geometric figures - generally accepted standards, Measurement measures forms of objects. Therefore, home familiarization of the child with forms should not be passed separately, but in the system of sensory (sensual) education. Best of all the crumb will remember the form when parallel is considering the color, the value, the purpose of the subject, since knowledge is actively used in a variety of activities and is better remembered.

We teach geometric figures with kids: major rules

Important:How to teach a child to call and distinguish geometric shapes easy and fast! To do this, you need to adhere to certain rules. With chaotic, inconsistent training, the baby can confuse the shapes, not to see their similarity and varying.

Riddles in verse

There are no angles with me and looks like a saucer, on a plate and on the lid, on the ring and the wheel. Who am I so, friends? Name me (circle).

He has long been familiar to mine, every corner in it is straight. All four sides of the same length. You are glad to imagine him. What is his name? (square).

At the figure, look at the album of the draw, three angle, three sides are connected. It turned out not a square, but a beautiful (triangle).

This is such a circle - a very strange appearance. The circle has become fisted, it turned out suddenly (oval).

We stretched the square and presented in the view. Who has he become similar or something very similar?
Neither brick nor a triangle became a square (rectangle).

The fairy tale "Two brothers" (adult draws a verse under rhythm)

A long time ago in a dark forest in a figured hut, there were two brothers, two squares. And they were twins. Ensure yourself:
You see in the picture - each 4 sides, 4 corners and 4 vershocks.
I walked somehow the first square between the bushes, pounded along the path with four corners.
And the beasts say: "Who is it? First square or his brother, second square? How are they like!
Remember in the picture: 4 sides, 4 corners and 4 vertexes.
She was tired of the square that he was confused with his brother, and decided to change it, turn into another figure.
He took the scissors and cut himself four corners. In the circle turned and rolled along the path.
And now it's wonderful brothers now, it is difficult to confuse the brothers now:
One rides on the tracks, another walks on four corners - four legs.
Until now, two brothers are friends - a circle with a square!

Important: Features of the perception of children of geometric shapes are not at all like adults. For example, an adult sees objects according to forms (pan - cylinder, window - rectangle). The child, on the contrary, first the form of the defects (square - air serpent, triangle - the roof of the house, the circle is a ball, several circles - glasses, beads). With proper training, it begins to abstract from items and perceive in the surrounding familiar figure, for example, a glass as a cylinder (cylindrical), a roof as a triangle ( triangular shape), the ball is like a bowl (round shape).

Play with geometric shapes!

Pedagogues remind that the main knowledge of geometric figures of preschoolers get in children's garden, and household sessions are aimed at securing the studied. Therefore, most best tool The house will be a game, as the main activity of kids. It is in the game that it is unobtrusive, easily and quickly a child will learn all the names of the figures, learn to compare them and distinguish them. Among the educational games for teaching geometric forms, the championship belongs to board games. They can be played in the evenings during family leisure, make part of any home session, entertainment.

"What hid"

The classic game is clear and is also available to a two year old crumb. Adult decides to a child image of familiar figures: a circle, square, triangle. Since cards should be at least five, the figures of different color and sizes are used for quantity, for example, two squares are large and small, two triangles - blue and yellow, one circle. Consider them with a child, discuss, make sure that he understands which figures in front of him and can correctly call them. Then the baby closes his eyes, an adult hides one of the figures and asks what was hidden. With age, the number of figures increases, new ones are added to the old.

"One word"

The Game "Geometric Shapes" is aimed at the formation of the generalization of the same type of the same type. Adult need to prepare circles, squares and triangles of different size and color. The preschooler should distribute the figures to the groups regardless of the color and size, call them a generalizing word, for example, all squares. Alternatively, you can complicate tasks, offering grouping figures only in color or size.

"Wonderful bag"

Type games " wonderful bag"It is familiar by the children of kindergartens. They are useful in that they give an idea of \u200b\u200bthe contours of objects, teach a survey to the touch and exercise in distinguishing forms. Adult is preparing a bag with objects of different forms, for example, a cube, ball, ball, brick, conical pyramid. Player It examines them and calls the shape of the toy that it wants to get. To complicate the task of senior kids, it is proposed to find any specific form, for example, "find a round toy."

"Magic glasses"

Pre-prepared improvised glasses from thick paper of different shapes: round, square. The game is interesting to all guys, helps to expand the ideas about geometric figures, find items of a certain form in the surrounding space. For example, a child puts on a round glasses and is looking for all round around himself: a plate, bottom of the vase, a chandelier, a chandelier, a carpet, grandmother's glasses. For each proper selection, the player is awarded with a chip, and then receives an incentive prize at the end of the game.

"Lats - Patchwork"

To enjoy the idea of \u200b\u200bthe geometric figures, a selection of pictures with the image of various items are needed, in which there are "holes" - inexplicated places of different shapes, for example, the dresses are a round hole, in a skunk - square. Among different "patches", the child chooses the desired and connects with the subject. It will be interesting if the adult will prepare the image for the game, for example, cut out of paper things (sweater, skirt, trousers, boots, cap). As an option of playing in "Lakes - Patchwork", you can purchase didactic game in "Velcro", which are very similar to the rules and content

"What broke"

Such a task will help to learn children to notice which form is not enough in the subject, develops attention. For the game you can use pictures, appliques from cut parts, construction material. The main thing - the subject must consist of parts geometric shape. For example, an adult lay out the "house" applique, where the details are a triangle - a roof, a rectangle - wall, square - a window, a small rectangle - the door, a circle - a window in the attic, a quadrangle - a pipe. The child carefully examines the image and closes his eyes, the adult cleans some detail, mixing it with any other. It is necessary to guess what broke the house and "repair", finding the missing part. In the future, you can complicate the task, immediately without adding a certain form or remove two forms at the same time. If it is drawn image, then the child pisses the missing parts, for example, a circle - the wheel of the car, rectangles - the windows at the turret.

"Game with chopsticks"

An interesting task for medium and senior preschoolers, at the same time develops motility and ability to make geometric shapes. If there are no counting sticks, you can use matches or toothpicks, pre-prepare them, crop the sulfur head or sharp ends so that the baby does not hurt. Such a task can be carried out in the form of a competition during family leisure, "who will be the fastest of everyone?", "Who has the most complex figure?". Then note the winner's prize. Be sure at some point they should be a child. An adult, for example, can mark its original solution or carefully and carefully laid out.

"What was useful to the artist in the picture"

For senior preschool, you can use the original task for viewing paintings, which not only enshrines the name of the figures, but also develops visual perception, the ability to see different forms In an unusual setting. An adult picks up an illustration of the appropriate content that the artist draws with the help of geometric shapes. Then he offers a preschooler to consider the picture M find familiar forms. If any of them are still unfamiliar to the preschool, be sure to pay attention to them and tell you how they are called what items are similar to them. Complicating game, you can calculate how many geometric shapes needed for the image of the picture.

"Geometric lotto"

The classic task for familiarizing children with geometric figures teaches to compare the form of the item with a geometric figure, select images in the support on the standard. To get a competitive moment, interesting children, play the best of the whole family. The rule is classic: on large cards - images of different figures, for example, oval, circle, triangle. The lead pronounces the name of the subject on a small card, such as an apple, cucumber, handkerchief, TV. Players are looking for on their card the form of a named item and close it with the appropriate picture. Wins a player who quickly and correctly closes the card.

"Geometric Mosaic"

Such a developing game will help the children to consolidate the ideas about geometric figures. In addition, he will teach the prescription to convert them, focusing on the standard (sample), will help creative imagination. The game rules are simple and accessible by the guys of any age, for the elders - the number of parts increases, plots are complicated. Players must collect any objects from several geometric shapes. For kids, it can be houses of different magnitudes and configurations, cars, turrets, bridges, sun, flowers, patterns; For senior children - Figures of fabulous or cartoon characters, scene pictures: Vase with flowers, street, road, carpet, animals, people of different professions. Be sure to note the creativity of the preschool, praise it. It may be possible to leave the wallpaper for a while to show all close. The main thing is that such a developing mosaic can be purchased at a special store, and you can make your own hands on the type of Montessori toys.

Methods for children representing geometric shapes, a lot in the modern market. Below are the main of them, as well as games that develop a child.

Nowadays, the child's early development give great importance. Crowe begin to teach almost from the maternity hospital. There are many games, books, video and audio materials that help children quickly master such simple - at first glance - themes, as letters, numbers, shapes, colors. Particularly popular cards showing geometric shapes for kids. This allowance is clearly concise. It allows the child to quickly and easily master the necessary knowledge.

When to start learning geometric shapes?

In general, you can get acquainted with forms from the first months. No bad if you are in gaming formwithout making a baby, you will show it pictures or toys, clearly pronounce the name of the figure (circle, square, etc.).

Thus, by two years, the child must know the three forms well:

1. triangle;
2. a circle;
3. square.

To three years in this list must be added:

• oval;
• rhombus;
• rectangle.

By the way, learning geometric forms much attention It is paid in Mary Montessori technique. In its materials there are several games that help the child quickly learn to determine the forms of items. We will talk about them further.

Why study geometric figures kid?

About benefit early Development It has already been said quite a few. It is the active training of the baby in the period from birth to three years to form his creativity and fluency thinking, fraud and love of knowledge, the ability to quickly absorb the information.

The study of forms is necessary for some other reasons.

• The whole world around consists of figures (circle - wheel of the machine, plate, sun; square - window, chair seat, etc.).
• School preparation - than earlier kid Weighing simple knowledge, the easier it will be in school.
• Studying forms will allow the baby to play those games that are not available to children who do not know what a circle is, square, etc.
• Studying geometric shapes, the child expands its horizons, trains the brain, increases the vocabulary.

5 Rules for Training Geometric Figures

It is worth remembering that all the information that seems to us is elementary, for children is new and often incomprehensible. With geometric shapes, this rule works almost always. Therefore, if a child confuses a circle with a square and does not want to be corrected, be patient and do not scold the crumb for the blunders.

For a faster and easy learning assimilation, Follow the simple advice.

1. Specify the baby on geometric forms in everyday life. Showing Chad the book, tell me that it is rectangular, demonstrating a saucer, give him a "circle" definition.
2. Try to receive feedback. Inquire the baby, to which category there is a house, table, pillow. Look at the learning video and ask the child to tell what he saw.
3. Use toys of correct geometric shapes. Buy croches round and triangular molds, cubes, ball.
4. Play those in games where knowledge of the names of the figures is required (see below).
5. Watch videos and cartoons telling about forms (for example, "Baby Einstein").

Games "Geometric Figures" for children

Sorter

This is one of the first developing kid toys, allowing you to learn about the properties of different figures. The essence of the sorter is that for a certain opening, you need to pick up a toy of the corresponding form (ball, cube and others). The child begins to understand what.

Such a toy not only teaches Karapuz to quickly distinguish the figures of different geometric shapes, but also trains small motor Fingers, and also develops logical thinking.

Montessori Games

Maria Montessori, as already mentioned above, attached great importance to geometric pieces in the developing kid games. In its methodology there are several ways to introduce a child with geometry in a game form. For example:

• Put the figures in an opaque package or bag. Let the baby bearing alternately on one toy and, without getting it, determines which form it is.
• For an older child, you can come up with this task: tell me the word-definition, for example, "ride". The kid should call forms that have this property.
• You can offer Cross to name all forms with or without corners, with or without edges.
• Creative version of the game with figures. Ask a child to dream and say what the circle is similar to, a square, a triangle.

In the Montessori technique there is a special device, called "Frames and Inserts". This is a kind of analogue of the sorter, which we talked above.

Pictures and stencils

If you like to draw your child, use it in order to teach it to distinguish the shapes. Draw a house together. Expand all the details: Square windows, the roof is a triangle, etc.

You can also offer a child stencils. They can be cut independently from thick paper or purchase ready.

Running one or another figure, the baby will learn to draw them ("fading a hand"), and your comments (this is a circle, this is a triangle) will help you to remember their names faster.

Domana cards

The Domana method is very popular among parents interested in the early development of his child. It implies the use of visual cards for better assimilation of the knowledge gained. Domana has a separate set of cards dedicated to geometric pieces. It can be bought or downloaded on the Internet (you can also find a video about this technique).

Literature and didactic material

Below are the most popular and effective techniques and materials for familiarizing children with geometric shapes.

• "School of Seven Dwarfs"

In the cycle of books for early development of children "School of Seven Dwarfs" there are two ones on forms: "Square and a circle" (for children from birth and up to year), "Form. Color "(for children from 1 year to 2 years). The books are large and clearly represented the main figures.

• Geometric figures. Soft mosaic

Very comfortable and bright way to introduce a child with forms. Mosaic made of safe soft material. The kid will be interested to consider her details and collect pictures of them.

• Coloring

There are a lot of such teachers' bookkends in the modern market. You can select "smart coloring. Smeshariki »With the favorite children with the characters from the cartoon of the same name.

• Stickers

Reusable stickers will also be very useful during the period of learning the child "geometry for the smallest". Such stickers can be glued anywhere! In the bathroom, in the children's room, in the kitchen. Suggest the Cross Game: In the environment it is necessary to find objects of a particular type.

Cartoons about geometric figures

Conclusion

Learning and acquaintance of a child with geometric figures is not only important, but also very interesting! Show fantasy, come up with your games and tasks for Chad, show interesting videos, and he will answer you love and gratitude.

Studying geometry with small children - the process is rather funny, because at this age they are gaining experience and replenish the luggage of existing knowledge. And the study of the figures also helps develop thinking and memory. How correctly "present" geometric figures for children for 3-4 years?

We act in stages

So, geometric shapes are essential for the development of children. For their development to be successful, it is worth using the following rules.

• Acquaintance is starting with the simplest figures (it will be a circle, triangle and square).
• At the initial stage, it is better that all figures are the same color and size, in order not to distract the baby with extra details.
• We remember about age (in 2 years we develop only a circle, square and triangle; by 3 years, add oval, rhombus, rectangle; to 4 - a trapezium, star, five or hexagons).
• Training should be multifaceted so that the child constantly fixed the surveyed skills (we supply the shape of your fingers, learn to find shapes around and distinguished, we sort them out, size, create and analyze the applications, sculp, cut out, play with cards or lotto, fix the form in active games ).

Start studying with flat images, gradually showing the child the difference between the plane and the volume, learning to compare the volumetric geometric body with its plane image.

Where to start learning?

To begin with, you can introduce a child with a picture of a circle: to circle your fingers, tell me what it is. In a day, start looking for around myself everything that reminds him. If the baby makes it difficult, parents must help him. The following figures are studied in the same way.

Then should explain to the child that volumetric figures Looks like flat (square - on a cube, circle - on the ball). Let him try to correlate them, finding analogies around him. To do this, it is useful to show the baby a flat image, asking for getting from the bag the same subject, but volumetric, as well as search for "hidden" figures on a walk, when reading books or watching cartoons.

Well helps to consolidate the knowledge gained special "geometric" lotto: cards with geometric shapes that need to be placed on places on a game card. Lotto can be made independently. To start the card take one-color. You can later add other colors - it is so harder to find the desired pair.

It also contributes to the tactile reconstruction of the specified form: drawing, modeling, laying out of different objects, cutting, mosaic, applique. As all new appellation figures can become more complicated: not just squares on a square sheet or circles on a round, but entire pictures consisting of different figures. Creating them, you need to pronounce which figure as part of the composition will serve (a circle - the sun or wheels, triangles - Christmas trees, roof, etc.).

Improving and enshrine

The study of geometric shapes for preschoolers closer to 4 years should constantly complicate. For example, the baby must already learn to distinguish the shapes in shape and sizes, as well as for the actions that can be made with them (roll, fold into the tower). A little later, he will learn to sort geometric bodies on two signs (which geometric items will roll out, but it will not be possible to put on each other, or which items cannot be shown, but you can build in a turreka).

Fasten the obtained geometric knowledge is useful in the form of active gaming activities, During which the child should move on a certain trajectory (bypass the circle, spray, the triangle drawn on the asphalt). Then, when such games will be mastered, they are complicated (passing, holding a spoon with a spoon with a ball, running, driving the ball on the ground).

All this will help him more fully prepare for school learning, develop memory, spatial and logical thinking. The main thing is to deal with the child systematically.